PubMed Scopus Research Articles

Cone repair after tricuspid valve replacement in Ebstein anomaly.

Cone repair after tricuspid valve replacement in Ebstein anomaly.

Pediatrician-Delivered Smoking-Cessation Messages for Parents: An Update.

Clinicians who care for children and adolescents are well positioned to help parents quit smoking – the leading preventable cause of disease and death in the US. Understanding parents’ preferences for smoking-cessation messages may help clinicians tailor interventions to increase the likelihood of quitting. A concept from behavioral economics, called message framing, can be leveraged to motivate adult smokers to quit and may help motivate parents to quit. 1 Jenssen B.P. Kelly M.K. Faerber J. et al. Pediatrician Delivered Smoking Cessation Messages for Parents: A Latent Class Approach to Behavioral Phenotyping. Acad Pediatr. 2021; 21: 129-138https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2020.07.018 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (2) Google Scholar In our study, “Pediatrician Delivered Smoking Cessation Messages for Parents: A Latent Class Approach to Behavioral Phenotyping,” using a discrete choice experiment and latent class analysis, we identified subgroups of parents who smoke with preferences for certain types of motivational messages: messages focused on the impact of smoking on the child, messages that were gain-framed rather than loss-framed messages (emphasizing benefits of engaging over costs of failing to engage in treatment), and messages focused on the financial impact of smoking. 1 Jenssen B.P. Kelly M.K. Faerber J. et al. Pediatrician Delivered Smoking Cessation Messages for Parents: A Latent Class Approach to Behavioral Phenotyping. Acad Pediatr. 2021; 21: 129-138https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2020.07.018 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (2) Google Scholar We proposed that future work should explore how to best incorporate these messages into clinical practice as well as examine the relationship between tailored messages and subsequent behavior change. Since the publication of our study, others have expanded work in this field. In this progress report, we consider our study’s findings within the context of other studies published since January 2021, when we submitted our manuscript for publication, and discuss: 1) tailored content to help individuals who smoke quit, 2) methods to create a new system for smoking cessation for parents of pediatric patients, and 3) preliminarily evaluation of this new system in clinical practice.

Family-Witnessed Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation during Emergency Department Cardiac Arrest Care: A Resident Perspective.

For centuries, an individual’s birth and death most often occurred within their home while surrounded by family. However, with advancements in modern medicine and industrialization, these 2 natural occurrences have been sequestered behind hospital walls. Until the 1960s, fathers were routinely excluded from the delivery room during childbirth. An obstetric physician was quoted as: “…he [father] would faint and fall on the floor and the nurse would have to take care of him... Your infection rate would go up, and your malpractice rate would go up.” 1 Miller J.S. ‘Return the joy of home delivery’ with fathers in the delivery room. Hosp Top. 1966; 44: 105-109https://doi.org/10.1080/00185868.1966.12083087 Crossref PubMed Scopus (5) Google Scholar Over the past 50 years, a shift toward patient- and family-centric obstetrical care has resulted in the partner’s presence at the bedside being commonplace during delivery. 2 Chan K.K.L. Paterson-Brown S. How do fathers feel after accompanying their partners in labour and delivery?. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2002; 22: 11-15https://doi.org/10.1080/01443610120101628 Crossref PubMed Scopus (58) Google Scholar

Harmful algal bloom aerosols and human health.

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing across many locations globally. Toxins from HABs can be incorporated into aerosols and transported inland, where subsequent exposure and inhalation can induce adverse health effects. However, the relationship between HAB aerosols and health outcomes remains unclear despite the potential for population-level exposures. In this review, we synthesized the current state of knowledge and identified evidence gaps in the relationship between HAB aerosols and human health. Aerosols from Karenia brevis, Ostreopsis sp., and cyanobacteria were linked with respiratory outcomes. However, most works did not directly measure aerosol or toxin concentrations and instead relied on proxy metrics of exposure, such as cell concentrations in nearby waterbodies. Furthermore, the number of studies with epidemiological designs was limited. Significant uncertainties remain regarding the health effects of other HAB species; threshold dose and the dose-response relationship; effects of concurrent exposures to mixtures of toxins and other aerosol sources, such as microplastics and metals; the impact of long-term exposures; and disparities in exposures and associated health effects across potentially vulnerable subpopulations. Additional studies employing multifaceted exposure assessment methods and leveraging large health databases could address such gaps and improve our understanding of the public health burden of HABs.

Integrated capture and solar-driven utilization of CO2 from flue gas and air

Integrated capture and solar-driven utilization of CO2 from flue gas and air

Long COVID in inflammatory rheumatic diseases-what's in a name?

Long COVID in inflammatory rheumatic diseases-what's in a name?

Rheumatology congresses post COVID-19: we cannot regress.

Rheumatology congresses post COVID-19: we cannot regress.

Site-specific prolongation of repolarization prevents postmyocardial infarction tachycardia.

Site-specific prolongation of repolarization prevents postmyocardial infarction tachycardia.

Lumbar spine epidural abscess and facet joint septic arthritis in a pediatric patient.

A 13-year-old girl presented with lower back pain that began 7 days earlier after a volleyball workout. She had no history of trauma or fever. On physical examination, a contraction of the left paravertebral muscles associated with pain on flexion-extension of the spine and a positive left Lasègue's sign were evident. She had no neurological deficits in the lower limbs. Chest and lumbosacral X-rays were unremarkable, and a laboratory investigation revealed neutrophilia and elevated C-reactive protein (75.7 mg/L; normal value < 5). Urine and blood cultures were carried out before starting ceftriaxone. She developed a fever (38.8 °C) 1 day after admission, and the blood culture was positive for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. A lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan was performed considering the clinical and microbiological evidence and suspecting an osteoarticular infection. The MRI revealed a small amount of interarticular fluid in the left L4-L5 hemivertebral region and a posterior spinal epidural abscess on the left side extending from L4 to L5-S1 (Fig. 1). The diagnosis was lumbar spine epidural abscess (SEA) and facet joint septic arthritis (SAFJ). As the girl did not present with neurological symptoms, no surgical treatment was indicated, and cefazolin was administered intravenously with rapid resolution of the fever and pain. She was discharged after 4 weeks of intravenous antimicrobial therapy, which was followed by 4 more weeks of oral antibiotic therapy with levofloxacin. The 3-month follow-up MRI showed complete regression of the epidural fluid and almost complete normalization of the signal abnormalities in the L4-L5 soft tissues (Fig. S1). Facet joint septic arthritis is a rare condition.1Mas-Atance J. Gil-García M.I. Jover-Sáenz A. Curià-Jové E. Jové-Talavera R. Charlez-Marco A. et al.Septi carthritis of a posteriorlumbarfacet joint in an infant: a case report.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009; 34: E465-E468Crossref PubMed Scopus (10) Google Scholar Few pediatric cases have been described, mainly in immunosuppressed patients. The most commonly associated pathogen is S. aureus.2Cabet S. Perge K. Ouziel A. Vandergugten S. Guibaud L. Ferry T. et al.Septic arthritis of facet joint in children: a systematic review and a 10-year consecutive case series.Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2021; 40: 411-417Crossref PubMed Scopus (0) Google Scholar The mechanism of the spread of this infection is not understood, but contamination may originate from direct inoculation, contiguity, or hematogenous dissemination. In the present case, the patient had no history of lumbar or epidural injections, so the most likely origin was hematogenous dissemination. The coexistence of localized epidural, articular, and paravertebral abnormalities on an MRI examination acquired only a few days after symptom onset led us to speculate that the infection originated in the left L4-L5 zygoapophyseal joint and spread to contiguous tissues, both inside and outside the lumbar canal. The three most common presenting symptoms of spinal epidural abscess are back pain, fever, and neurological deficit; however, these symptoms do not always occur together, contributing to the delayed diagnosis, which is reported in 50%–75% of cases.3Reihsaus E. Waldbaur H. Seeling W. Spinal epidural abscess: a meta-analysis of 915 patients.Neurosurg Rev. 2000; 23: 175-204Crossref PubMed Google Scholar Surgery is reserved for nonantibiotic responders or in cases of neurologic deficit. Lumbar SEA and SAFJ are clinical emergencies with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly when there is a delayed diagnosis. Therefore, early clinical suspicion, diagnosis, and treatment are essential to obtain a favorable outcome.4Davis D.P. Wold R.M. Patel R.J. Tran A.J. Tokhi R.N. Chan T.C. et al.The clinical presentation and impact of diagnostic delays on emergency department patients with spinal epidural abscess.J Emerg Med. 2004; 26: 285-291Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (220) Google Scholar The authors declares that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper. The following is the supplementary data to this article: Download .docx (2.14 MB) Help with docx files Multimedia component 1

Medicate or operate: epilepsy surgery could save lives.

Drug-resistant epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder with a significant impact on the lives of affected children and their families. A child is diagnosed with drug-resistant epilepsy if seizure control is not achieved despite receiving the maximally optimised doses of two appropriately chosen antiepileptic medications. 1 Kwan P Arzimanoglou A Berg AT et al. Definition of drug resistant epilepsy: consensus proposal by the ad hoc Task Force of the ILAE Commission on Therapeutic Strategies. Epilepsia. 2010; 51: 1069-1077 Crossref PubMed Scopus (2851) Google Scholar Mortality risk is seven times higher in children with epilepsy than in the general population. 2 Callenbach PM Westendorp RG Geerts AT et al. Mortality risk in children with epilepsy: the Dutch study of epilepsy in childhood. Pediatrics. 2001; 107: 1259-1263 Crossref PubMed Scopus (98) Google Scholar One contributor to the mortality associated with drug-resistant epilepsy is sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP); ie, unexpected death with no obvious cause. 3 Nashef L So EL Ryvlin P Tomson T Unifying the definitions of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2012; 53: 227-233 Crossref PubMed Scopus (397) Google Scholar One in 833 children with drug-resistant epilepsy is estimated to die from SUDEP every year. 4 Ryvlin P Rheims S Lhatoo SD Risks and predictive biomarkers of SUDEP. Curr Opin Neurol. 2019; 32: 205-212 Crossref PubMed Scopus (0) Google Scholar The most common risk factors for SUDEP are high seizure frequency, early age of seizure onset, and multiple antiseizure drugs. 5 Abdel-Mannan O Taylor H Donner EJ Sutcliffe AG A systematic review of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) in childhood. Epilepsy Behav. 2019; 90: 99-106 Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (46) Google Scholar Other causes of death include status epilepticus, injury related to seizures, and suicide. Comparison of long-term survival with continued medical therapy, vagus nerve stimulation, and cranial epilepsy surgery in paediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy in the USA: an observational cohort studyPaediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent cranial epilepsy surgery or VNS had a higher survival rate than those who received only medical treatment. These findings highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary comprehensive team approach to the treatment of epilepsy, which includes tailored evaluation and deployment of medical and surgical treatment options for patients with this challenging disease. Full-Text PDF

Relieving Perception of Thirst and Xerostomia in Patients with Palliative and End-of-life Care Needs: A Rapid Review.

Thirst and dry mouth are interlinked symptoms that frequently cause significant distress for patients with life-limiting conditions. The objective of this rapid review was to identify and synthesize effective interventions that relieve perceptions of thirst and dry mouth of patients with palliative care and end-of-life care needs. Eligible studies were undertaken in clinical settings, with patients experiencing thirst-related distress and/or dry mouth. This review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted following aspects of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. The main outcomes of interest were: 1) efficacy of thirst and dry mouth interventions for patient, and 2) patient, caregiver, and staff acceptability and satisfaction of the interventions. Scientific journal articles were retrieved through searches in electronic databases of MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), and AgeLine (EBSCO). Eleven studies were included for analysis and synthesis of the results. Most studies either focused on a dry mouth intervention or reported dry mouth outcomes within a broader thirst intervention (n=9/11 studies). Standard oral care was the common intervention type (n=5/11). All but one dry mouth intervention reported statistical improvement in outcomes of interest. All studies that reported on thirst were conducted in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) setting (n=4/4). No studies specifically addressed thirst in patients in specialist palliative care settings. Evidence from this review suggests that thirst interventions established within the ICU setting may prove effective for treatment of terminally ill patients receiving specialist palliative care.

A Focus on Contraception in the Wake of Dobbs.

A Focus on Contraception in the Wake of Dobbs.

Improving Access and Equity in a Post-Dobbs World

Improving Access and Equity in a Post-Dobbs World

An indirect method of verifying passive fit of complete arch implant-supported frameworks fabricated from photogrammetry scans

The passive fit of frameworks on multi-unit abutments has been considered crucial for the long-term success of complete arch, implant-supported, fixed prostheses. 1 Jokstad A. Shokati B. New 3D technologies applied to assess the long-term clinical effects of misfit of the full jaw fixed prosthesis on dental implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2015; 26: 1129-1134 Crossref PubMed Google Scholar Photogrammetry has demonstrated better accuracy than intraoral scanning and conventional impression techniques to record the position of implants. 2 Sallorenzo A. Gómez-Polo M. Comparative study of the accuracy of an implant intraoral scanner and that of a conventional intraoral scanner for complete-arch fixed dental prostheses. J Prosthet Dent. 2022; 128: 1009-1016 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (13) Google Scholar However, errors introduced during fabrication may still compromise the passive fit of the definitive prosthesis, even with accurate scanning using the photogrammetry technique. 3 Al-Meraikhi H. Yilmaz B. McGlumphy E. Brantley W. Johnston W.M. In vitro fit of CAD-CAM complete arch screw-retained titanium and zirconia implant prostheses fabricated on 4 implants. J Prosthet Dent. 2018; 119: 409-416 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (22) Google Scholar The current intraoral methods of verifying passive fit, including visual inspection, tactile sensation, radiography, disclosing materials, screw resistance test, and the Sheffield test, are subjective and not capable of detecting lingual or subgingival misfit. 4 Abduo J. Bennani V. Waddell N. Lyons K. Swain M. Assessing the fit of implant fixed prostheses: a critical review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2010; 25: 506-515 PubMed Google Scholar In the conventional protocol, the definitive cast made from a custom tray elastomeric impression can be verified with a dental gypsum device. 5 Manzella C. Burello V. Bignardi C. Carossa S. Schierano G. A method to improve passive fit of frameworks on implant-supported prostheses: an in vivo study. Int J Prosthodont. 2013; 26: 577-579 Crossref PubMed Google Scholar However, since the frameworks made from photogrammetry are manufactured without a definitive cast, verifying the passive fit of the frameworks is challenging. 6 Rutkunas V. Larsson C. Vult von Steyern P. Mangano F. Gedrimiene A. Clinical and laboratory passive fit assessment of implant-supported zirconia restorations fabricated using conventional and digital workflow. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2020; 22: 237-245 Crossref PubMed Scopus (11) Google Scholar In the treatment of the first patient, misfits were found between the frameworks and the 3-dimensional printed cast; therefore, the accuracy of the frameworks needed to be verified to determine whether the distortion was introduced during printing of the cast (Fig. 1A-C). An inexpensive and user-friendly method of verifying the passive fit of frameworks is described. Figure 1A, Intraoral view after removal of interim prosthesis. B, Impression scanning using photogrammetry technology. C, Misfits between framework and printed cast. D, Placement of abutment replicas. E, Fixture of replicas with dental gypsum. F, Evaluating fit of framework. View Large Image Figure Viewer Download Hi-res image

CagriSema and the link between obesity and type 2 diabetes

In The Lancet, Juan P Frias and colleagues report positive results in a phase 2 trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of co-administered cagrilintide and semaglutide (CagriSema) for type 2 diabetes, 1 Frias JP Deenadayalan S Erichsen L et al. Efficacy and safety of co-administered once-weekly cagrilintide 2·4 mg with once-weekly semaglutide 2·4 mg in type 2 diabetes: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2023; (published online June 23.)https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01163-7 Google Scholar approximately 2 years after a phase 1b study showed early efficacy in the treatment of obesity. 2 Enebo LB Berthelsen KK Kankam M et al. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of concomitant administration of multiple doses of cagrilintide with semaglutide 2·4 mg for weight management: a randomised, controlled, phase 1b trial. Lancet. 2021; 397: 1736-1748 Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar The role of a gut–brain axis in energy balance has been intensely studied since the 1994 discovery of leptin as a hormone produced by adipose tissue in response to feeding. 3 Zhang Y Proenca R Maffei M Barone M Leopold L Friedman JM Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature. 1994; 372: 425-432 Crossref PubMed Scopus (11820) Google Scholar In the years that followed, many investigations led to the current understanding of energy regulation to include signalling in the liver and endocrine pancreas through both classic incretins (eg, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1]) and the unique hormone co-secreted with insulin (amylin). Research also showed that abnormal energy balance can be improved by perturbing the axis via altering or bypassing segments of the gastrointestinal tract with bariatric surgery. 4 Ashrafian H le Roux CW Metabolic surgery and gut hormones—a review of bariatric entero-humoral modulation. Physiol Behav. 2009; 97: 620-631 Crossref PubMed Scopus (88) Google Scholar And nearly 30 years later, gut hormone analogues, notably liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide, have been investigated as effective treatments for both type 2 diabetes and obesity. CagriSema is currently also being evaluated as a drug to treat both type 2 diabetes and obesity. Efficacy and safety of co-administered once-weekly cagrilintide 2·4 mg with once-weekly semaglutide 2·4 mg in type 2 diabetes: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 2 trialIn people with type 2 diabetes, treatment with CagriSema resulted in clinically relevant improvements in glycaemic control (including CGM parameters). The mean change in HbA1c with CagriSema was greater versus cagrilintide, but not versus semaglutide. Treatment with CagriSema resulted in significantly greater weight loss versus semaglutide and cagrilintide and was well tolerated. These data support further investigation of CagriSema in this population in longer and larger phase 3 studies. Full-Text PDF

Perceived Impact of Affect Labeling and Social Sharing in Healthcare: Insights from a Pilot Study and Opportunities for Future Investigation

Perceived Impact of Affect Labeling and Social Sharing in Healthcare: Insights from a Pilot Study and Opportunities for Future Investigation

Measuring the global burden of diabetes: implications for health policy, practice, and research

Over the past two decades, global health practitioners and researchers have put forth evidence-based guidance on how to respond to the growing threat from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and their risk factors. 1 WHOGlobal action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013–2020. World Health Organization, Geneva2013 Google Scholar Many goals and targets have been set, but few countries are on track to meet them, and measurement has proven challenging. 2 Watkins DA Msemburi WT Pickersgill SJ et al. NCD Countdown 2030: efficient pathways and strategic investments to accelerate progress towards the Sustainable Development Goal target 3.4 in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet. 2022; 399: 1266-1278 Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (28) Google Scholar The Lancet Commission on Diabetes 3 Chan JCN Lim LL Wareham NJ et al. The Lancet Commission on diabetes: using data to transform diabetes care and patient lives. Lancet. 2021; 396: 2019-2082 Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (194) Google Scholar and the Global Diabetes Compact 4 Gregg EW Buckley J Ali MK et al. Improving health outcomes of people with diabetes: target setting for the WHO Global Diabetes Compact. Lancet. 2023; 401: 1302-1312 Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (0) Google Scholar sought to elevate the status of diabetes within the NCD agenda and provide focused recommendations and targets, respectively. Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021Diabetes remains a substantial public health issue. Type 2 diabetes, which makes up the bulk of diabetes cases, is largely preventable and, in some cases, potentially reversible if identified and managed early in the disease course. However, all evidence indicates that diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, primarily due to a rise in obesity caused by multiple factors. Preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes remains an ongoing challenge. It is essential to better understand disparities in risk factor profiles and diabetes burden across populations, to inform strategies to successfully control diabetes risk factors within the context of multiple and complex drivers. Full-Text PDF Open Access

A Call for Discovery and Therapeutic Development for Cutaneous Neurofibromas

A Call for Discovery and Therapeutic Development for Cutaneous Neurofibromas

Which trial do we need? Treatment of multiple erythema migrans with doxycycline for 7 days versus 14 days

Which trial do we need? Treatment of multiple erythema migrans with doxycycline for 7 days versus 14 days

High-dose dual-antibiotic loaded bone cement in patients undergoing hemiarthroplasty

Hip fractures continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the older population. 1 Moran CG Wenn RT Sikand M Taylor AM Early mortality after hip fracture: is delay before surgery important?. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005; 87: 483-489 Crossref PubMed Scopus (546) Google Scholar Furthermore, due to substantial improvements in life expectancy worldwide, the annual number of patients with hip fracture is expected to reach an all-time high over the course of the next two decades. 2 Cooper C Campion G Melton 3rd, LJ Hip fractures in the elderly: a world-wide projection. Osteoporos Int. 1992; 2: 285-289 Crossref PubMed Scopus (2406) Google Scholar Although there is currently no gold standard for the surgical management of patients with hip fractures, hemiarthroplasty continues to be one of the more popular treatment options in these patients. 3 Bhandari M Einhorn T A Guyatt G et al. Total hip arthroplasty or hemiarthroplasty for hip fracture. N Engl J Med. 2019; 381: 2199-2208 Crossref PubMed Scopus (178) Google Scholar Concurrently, surgical site infection (SSI) is a devastating complication following hemiarthroplasty, and one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in these patients. 4 Gupta A Shin J Oliver D Vives M Lin S Incidence and risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) after primary hip hemiarthroplasty: an analysis of the ACS-NSQIP hip fracture procedure targeted database. Arthroplasty. 2023; 5: 1-7 Crossref PubMed Scopus (0) Google Scholar High-dose dual-antibiotic loaded cement for hip hemiarthroplasty in the UK (WHiTE 8): a randomised controlled trialIn this trial, the use of high-dose dual-antibiotic loaded cement did not reduce the rate of deep surgical site deep infection among people aged 60 years or older receiving a hemiarthroplasty for intracapsular fracture of the hip. Full-Text PDF Open Access