Publicistic Discourse Research Articles

LINGUISTIC BATTLEFIELD: NEOLOGISMS IN THE MASS-MEDIA DISCOURSE OF UKRAINE, THE UK AND THE USA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR

The article under consideration examines the peculiarities of the formation and use of neologisms in the publicistic discourse of Ukraine, Great Britain, and the United States in the context of Ukraine’s war against the Russian invaders. The purpose of this study is to investigate neologisms in Ukrainian, British English, and American English from a comparative point of view. Due to the constant change and transformation of languages, a large number of neologisms have been created, which remain unexplored and through which can be seen as the aspect the development of languages and societies can be studied from. The nature and functional peculiarity of neologisms in British English, American English, and Ukrainian are still an unexplored area in modern Ukrainian linguistics.The object of the given investigation is neologisms that appear in the contemporary mass media discourse. The language of the media is very dynamic, and one cannot help but notice the activity of innovative processes in the vocabulary of modern media. The relevance of the work is because the latest media resources of Ukraine, the UK, and the USA of recent years were chosen as the research materials. The significance of the study lies in gaining knowledge about the types, nature, features, and main ways of formation of Ukrainian and English neologisms in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war.

Composition of the Russian armonymic field and its dynamics

The article is devoted to the study of the history of the formation of Russian proper names of aviation and armored military equipment. Our research has shown that the main function of Russian armonyms – the proper names of Russian weapons – is the representative identification of types and brands of weapons produced at state-owned enterprises or unique mechanisms. Armonyms as verbal identifiers of complex military-technical mechanisms function in professional or publicistic discourse. The structure of the armonymic field includes verbal index signs marking types and series of weapons that correspond to the term pragmatonyms (T-90M «Breakthrough»), and proper names of unique weapons objects - chrematonyms (Tu–160 «Ilya Muromets»). The nominations of individual combat units can form armonymic complexes, for example, one of the Tu-160 strategic bombers of the White Swan series has an individual name «Nikolai Kuznetsov». In the process of the official naming of Russian high-tech combat units, the conventionally symbolic and commemorative principles of nomination traditionally occupy a central place. The composition of the armonym is dominated by the conditionally symbolic type of names, as a rule, not motivated by the properties of the named object (UAV «Geranium»), although some names retain an associative connection with the objects of the nomination (UAV «Lancet» – a high-precision kamikaze drone); the memorative type of names is characteristic of individual names of military vehicles (Tu-160 «Igor Sikorsky»). Official nominations occupy the main place in the Russian field of armonymy; however, some of the names may have an unofficial status, for example, the nicknames of the T-80BV tank Alyosha – «Ded Moroz», or «Ded». Armonyms are not a tool for the advertising promotion of weapons, they do not have an attractive and pragmatic function, however, the choice of words is far from accidental – in general, it reflects the symbolic value orientations of the nominating team.

Functions of Intertextual Inclusions in Contemporary Publicist Discourse

Introduction. This research paper focuses on the phenomenon of intertextuality which is studied on the basis of the articles of American socio-political magazines. The aim of the study is to identify the types and techniques of intertextual inclusions, which contribute to the formation of the depth of the integral semantic content of the texts of publicist discourse. The relevance and scientific novelty of the work stem from the need to study the functions of intertextual inclusions in non-fiction discourse. In this case communicative, axiological and pragmatic functions are considered to be the leading ones in linguistic and non-linguistic expressions.Methodology and sources. Fragments of journalistic texts expressing intertextuality were selected by means of sampling. The sources of intertextual inclusions were revealed with the help of explanatory and linguacultural dictionaries and internet-resources. The analysis of intertextual inclusions and definition of their functions were carried out taking into account the genre and stylistic typology of the texts, the direct linguistic and socio-cultural context.Results and discussion. Intertextual inclusions in publicist discourse imply the existence of associative links between the source text and the recipient text. The identification of these links helps to extend the meaning of the information shared and to make it more comprehensible. The sources of intertextual inclusions in the American publicist discourse are both those of the world culture − Ancient Greek myths, the Bible, classical English literature and national − texts of the US presidents’ speeches.Conclusion. The main purpose of incorporating source text elements into a recipient journalistic text is to fulfil informative, manipulative, axiological, predictive, and other functions. The degree of influence of the conveyed information depends on the cognitive base of the addressees, their general cultural competence and their ability to establish associative links between the reported and the implied. Due to their emotional tone, intertextual inclusions are an attractor that organize the text’s semantic structure. They let us consider a journalistic text as a unified semantic and communicative-pragmatic integrity.

Modeling Concept Structure at the Stage of Ideologeme Destruction (based on the Concept LABOR in the Russian Worldview of 1980s-2000s)

The paper analyzes the concept LABOR in the Russian worldview on the basis of 1980-2000 publicist contexts. The source of the material is the journalistic subcorpus of the “National Corpus of the Russian Language”. The main cognitive features of the concept LABOR are identified by analyzing semantics, pragmatics and contextual partners of the key lexemes representing the concept. The analysis of 500 publicist contexts has shown that the concept LABOR in publicist discourse possesses a variety of cognitive features, which indicates a multi-level structure of the concept. We distinguish three types of these features: anti-ideological, ontological (of objective and subjective nature), and social. All the three are due to the external historical changes, are relatively unstable and “responsible” for the structural changes of the concept. The analysis concludes that the Soviet regime and the historical situation had a significant impact on the language consciousness and mentality of native speakers at the conceptual and value levels. In the structure of the concept LABOR, the main changes are associated with the following components: subject, object, characteristics of labor, result, process, and addressee of labor. The most significant changes related to deideologization affected the blocks of ideas about the subject and addressee of labor (destruction of the idea about collective labor for the benefit of the country).

БИБЛЕЙСКАЯ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЯ В ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ

The multifaceted nature of the study of biblical phraseology today is due, on the one hand, to the ambiguity and insufficient study of biblical phraseological units, on the other hand, to their active use and frequent reproducibility in different types of discourse. Moreover, their study requires the involvement of several approaches, such as structural-semantic, linguocognitive and cognitive-discursive, linguocultural, and finally, functional. In this respect, the relevance of the presented problem is beyond any doubt. Designating the study of functional specificity of the phraseological units of biblical etymology, presented in the contexts of political communication as the aim of this study, we offer a comprehensive coverage of issues related to the specifics of communication in the political sphere, in particular the analysis of approaches to the definition of the notion of publicistic discourse, its key characteristics and ingredient features, consideration of the functioning of phraseological units of biblical origin and their usual and occasional variants. The methodology of this study is determined by the purpose and scientific hypothesis, which implies the identification of a representative corpus of examples of political discourse contexts, containing biblical phraseological units, performing the leading persuasive function. The research methods are as follows: the method of phraseological identification and phraseological description proposed by prof. A.V. Kunin, the contextual method, the method of lexico-semantic analysis, the search corpus method. The results of the research allow concluding the following: biblical phraseological units are a separate microsystem, biblical phraseological units are actively used in oral and written speech of native speakers in different types of discourse due to their polyfunctionality and variability, in political discourse biblical phraseological units are used in the function of persuasion. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time a systematic study of biblical phraseology in English and Russian on the example of their functioning in the texts of political discourse. The currently available works are few and sporadic. The practical significance of the study is determined by the possibility of using the data obtained in the classroom as part of the disciplines Fundamentals of First Foreign Language Theory, English Language Stylistics, special course English Language Phraseology.

THE CONCEPT OF "WAR" IN THE LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL ASPECT (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF PUBLICISTIC DISCOURSE)

Introduction. The concept of "war" is one of the universal concepts, as it functions in all cultures and languages of the world. However, the interpretation of war is not identical in the linguistic consciousness of different peoples. The media play a prominent role in the coverage of armed conflicts, particularly in those countries that are at war or are geographically or culturally neighboring these states. Methods. For a complete and comprehensive study of the concept of "war" in publicistic discourse, in particular in the media (online publications "Day", "Ukrainska Pravda", the English-language website of BBC News), the descriptive method was used to identify, classify and present linguistic representatives of the conceptual content of the analyzed concept. Contextual analysis made it possible to describe and structure the nominative field of the concept, and the methods of observation of the actual material and the method of component analysis ensured the ordering of the verbalizers of the studied concept. Research results and their discussion. The concept of war at different times acquires new semantic shades and is characterized by new evaluative paradigms. The objectification of the concept of "war" in journalistic texts has long been carried out through an extensive system of indirect nominations. In modern media, synonymous names of the linguistic representative of the concept of "war" are recorded. In the modern linguistic space, there is a tendency to verbalize the concept of "war" in the in the form of a metaphor Modern media have recorded synonymous names for the linguistic representative of the concept of "war". In the modern linguistic space, there is a tendency to verbalize the concept of "war" in the form of a metaphor. The linguistic representation of the concept "war" is also represented by various thematic groups of vocabulary. The authors of media texts often use figurative language, namely aphorisms, phraseological units, parables and other units. War as a socio-political phenomenon is also embodied in the English-language worldview. In view of this, the English-language units that verbalize the WAR concept are not only characterized by national and cultural specificity, but are also related to world perception. war in the English-language world picture is a symbol of evil, death, hopelessness, sadness, exhaustion, devastation, destruction, defeat and even a profitable business.

Language play techniques in mass media

The article analyzes graphic occasionalisms created through the graphic instruments of language play. The material for the study includes the new formations taken from the texts of the modern Russian-language publicistic discourse. The studied material shows that capitalization as one of the techniques of graphic language play is widely represented in the texts of mass media. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that, unlike other works, it examines modern graphic occasionalisms formed through the combination of capitalization and other methods of graphic play: polycodification, reduplication, holophrasis, and the techniques associated with the division of the usual word in different ways. The practical material allows for the analysis of the linguistic situation of the present period of time.

‘It’s a war on Israel’s liberal democracy’: the Israeli left as a moral panic community, 2015-19

ABSTRACT This article examines the discourse of the Israeli Left in the years preceding the succession of general elections in 2019–21, with a focus on claims of the purported threats to democracy presented by the right-wing government. Rhetorical analysis of opinion pieces and political commentary in the press on issues relating to education, science, and culture shows recurrent use of appeals to fear – such as comparisons with totalitarian regimes and invocation of other dystopian spectres resulting from nationalist indoctrination and processes of ‘religionization’. This article defines the appeal to fear and other forms of the Left’s identity claims making during this period as moral panic discourse, around which the Left sought to revive its relevance in the public debate at a time when it was viewed as a marginal political force in ideological decline. The article’s main argument is that while the labelling of the Right as a ‘danger to democracy’ has been entrenched in leftist discourse since the 1977 ‘Upheaval’, during the period in discussion it became the principal – almost sole – theme in leftist publicist discourse, serving as a flag issue around which the Left reorganised its identity as the ‘democratic camp’.

Языковая метафора в экономическом медиадискурсе: стратегии перевода

The article deals with the research of language metaphors of English and German-language media discourse. The authors attempt to study the features of the use and translation of language metaphor in economic media discourse. The research material was collected from the economic texts of the English and German online magazines and newspapers "The Economist", "The Guardian", "The Times", " Der Spiegel", "Die Welt", "Focus Online", "Die Zeit", "Der Tagesspiegel", «Leipziger Volkszeitung». The object of this study was 240 original English and German metaphors and their translations into Russian. The importance of the research is explained by the fact that a more thorough study of the features of the expressive means of a foreign language in the texts of a special discourse when performing professionally oriented translation is needed. A review of studies of metaphor in a special discourse is carried out, its structure, functions and semantic classifications in the texts of newspaper publications of an economic orientation are given. The authors point out the most frequent structural (verbal, substantive and adjectival) and semantic (anthropomorphic, nature-morphic, sociomorphic and artifact) classifications of metaphors of this type of publicistic discourse. The results of a comparative analysis of translations of English and German metaphors in economic media articles into Russian are presented in the article. The authors note that in most cases, in the texts of a special discourse, it is possible to transmit a metaphorical image of a foreign language lexical unit by means of the Russian language. The authors draw a conclusion that the successful transfer of foreign language means of expression into Russian in this type of text requires not only the use of the translator's technical arsenal, but also a creative approach to the translation of the studied linguistic phenomenon.

LITERARY PROJECTION OF PANDEMIC IN MARLEN HAUSHOFER’S NOVEL «THE WALL»

The context of a historical period may provoke unexpected interpretation of this or that book because of its parallels with current social phenomena. The plot of M. Haushofer’s novel has such distinct similarities to the present reality, that it makes scientists reinterpret it. Though this literary work was published in German in 1963, it was translated into Ukrainian in 2020, that explains a small number of studies, devoted to its analysis. The number of the reviews on this novel has recently grown in English-language literary sources, emphasizing the need of reinterpretation of the novel in the context of the spread of coronavirus infection, that proves topicality of the theme of the article. The purpose of the study is to examine the specificity of a literary projection of pandemic in M. Haushofer’s novel «The Wall», identifying and analyzing literary versions of mythoscenarios in it. Yu. Vyshnytska’s concept described in her monograph «Mythological scenarios in the modern literary and publicist discourse» was chosen as a theoretical foundation of the research. The following methods of literary analysis – intertextual, semiological, psychoanalytical and poetological – were used in the course of the research. At the beginning of the novel «The Wall» there are elements of the mythoscenario of the end, based on eschatological plots. This mythoscenario in M. Haushofer’s work is a part of a dualistic model together with the mythoscenario of the beginning which is a universal worldview model. The dystopia «The Wall» can be considered an original literary projection of pandemic that is visible most distinctly in the plot of isolation, in articulation of the basic archaic opposition «life–death». The work of the Austrian author vividly visualizes it in the mythoscenarios of the beginning, the end and initiation which show diffusion of the structural contours and transgenic features – the ability of one mythoscenario to merge with another. Interpretation of these mythoscenarios allows identifying the analyzed novel as an example of neomythological literature. M. Haushofer’s dystopia opens space for literary studies of different aspects, in particular, prospects of further research can be seen in psychoanalytical investigation of the character-narrator’s state caused by isolation.

Semantics and functions of negation in English publicistic discourse

Semantics and functions of negation in English publicistic discourse

Implicit ways to express the author’s opinion in the publicistic discourse of Runet blogosphere

The modern analysis of journalist discourse is based on many extralinguistic factors: ethnocultural characteristics of the social environment, creating and sustaining discourse; conditions of political loyalty and the orientation of journalist discourse to the target audience, sources of discourse replenishment and conditions for its self-development in the general discourse-forming environment. These factors have a direct impact on specific ways of delivering information by the authors of the journalistic message to the individual recipient and the mass audience. The relevance of the research is determined, first of all, by the study of the features of the Russian language functioning on the Internet, which fits into the foremost problems of modern Russian studies. The novelty is associated with the analysis of specific ways of linguistic expression of the authors position in Runet journalism, which have not been specially studied so far. The purpose of the research is to consider the ways of expressing evaluation in the texts of the Runet blogs authors. The article shows that implicit ways of expressing the authors evaluation in the Runet texts have the same function as any other evaluative statements: to specifically influence the addressee. The studied material shows that the evaluativeness of the Runet blogosphere authors statements, closely interacting with expressiveness and emotionality, depends on their subjective perception of information and helps them express their point of view. The article highlights the implicit ways of expressing the authors position, which allow in an implicit but understandable form to convey the meaning of the statement to the recipient. The study used materials from Runet blogs, which most vividly and representatively show the features of the Russian-language network journalistic discourse. When working with speech material, analytical methods were used - descriptive (descriptive-analytical) and contrastive, which revealed the linguistic specifics of journalistic discourse, identified and interpreted intra-contextual and intertextual connections, established communication features. The research approaches of discourse analysis and stylistics were also used. The studied material and the results allow to conclude that implicit ways of expressing the authors position have the same goals as explicit value judgments: they emotionally affect the recipient and accurately convey the meaning of the statement. At the same time, implicitness in the Russian language successfully solves the problem of creating and maintaining the authors individuality. The prospects for this study are seen in further scientific development of various implicit ways of expressing the authors position in Runet journalism for further understanding of new processes in the Russian language, in the formation of journalistic discourse and in Russian communication in the digital space.

ОБРАЗНО-ЦІННІСНИЙ СКЛАДНИК КОНЦЕПТУ FAMILY У БРИТАНСЬКОМУ ПУБЛІЦИСТИЧНОМУ ДИСКУРСІ

The aim of the article is to study the metaphorization peculiarities of the concept FAMILY in the British publicistic discourse of the XVIII – XXI centuries. The question of a language segmenting, categorizing the surrounding reality and the experience of its speakers, which has always been in the center of attention of scholars is raised. The importance of lexical nomination as a means of fixing the changes that occur continuously and are understood by humans in their social practice is highlighted. The focus of the study is to trace the process of forming an image of ​​the world of English speakers using publicistic material in diachrony over the past four centuries and to identify the specifics of conceptualization and categorization of this segment of reality. The modifications of the imaginative-evaluative constituent, the loss of the existing and the acquirement of new meanings and their shades are bound with both the language development and with the extralinguistic factors such as the development of the community, social, political and historical events. Printed mass media have always been an important and influential part of social life. They take part in the creation and exchange of ideas and opinions as people receive knowledge about the world indirectly through mass media. These facts contribute to the analysis of a lingvocultural element of words both synchronically and diachronically. Comparing newspapers texts it becomes possible to highlight similarities and differences in the interpretation of the notion expressed by some lexeme. Moreover, the analysis of articles indicates social understanding of the notion. Since newspapers are affordable and available for all members of the society, they are the representatives of live language which unites knowledge and experience.

Использование окказиональных имен собственных в публицистическом французском дискурсе

The purpose of the research is to determine the structural and semantic features of the French nonce toponyms functioning in publicistic discourse. The article highlights the ways of word formation typical of creating nonce anthroponyms and toponyms. The connotative components of the meaning of this group of onyms are classified. Scientific novelty of the research lies in studying the connotative part of the semantics of a nonce onym that does not have an actually existing denotatum and in identifying predominance of the evaluative function over the individualising one in this group of proper names. As a result, the researchers have identified a productive stable model for creating nonce anthroponyms with a negative evaluative component, as well as two frequent models for creating nonce anthroponyms that can actualise both positive and negative evaluative components depending on their internal form and context.

Publicisticdiscourseand social and communicative relations

The article deals with the application of the theory of interdisciplinary discourse, the function of publicistic discourse,  the definition of discourse, communication issues in the socio-cultural context.The use of the term «discour» in a comprehensive study of the concept of linguistic communication from a new point of view leads to breakthroughs in modern science. Discourse, which is one of the new levels of research, is viewed as a broad and complex structure. In this regard, a study of publicistic discourse is carried out, taking into account its signs and nature of use. Attention is drawn to the need for theoretical and practical consideration of publicisticdiscourse in various forms – television discourse, newspaper discourse.The  purpose  of  this  article is to show  the importance  of methods for realizing  the relationship between addressee and addressee in a new paradigmatic model, establishing  interaction with  society in  publicistic  discourse. The sequential use of both professional and ethnic factors in the organization of institutional discourse is described. The study provides classifications of categories of publicistic discourse, characterizes the place of publicistic discourse in the communicative space, describes the advantages and disadvantages of television and newspaper discourse in the space of social and communicative relations. The methodological basis of publicistic discourse is the realization of the idea of   pride in the country. The author considers it important to form a patriotic spirit through successful communication with  the addressee through the use of communication strategies and tactics. The need for research within the framework of publicistic discourse in order to form linguistic consciousness, background knowledge about the environment based on human factors is emphasized. The article will be of interest to scholars engaged in discursive research. Keywords: discourse, journalistic discourse, social-communicative relations, TV-radio discourse, newspaper discourse

Выявление специфики заглавий англоязычных экономических статей с ономастическим компонентом

The paper aims to reveal specificity of onyms functioning in the mass media headlines. The article examines communicative strategies to create such headlines. Special attention is paid to functional peculiarities of onomastic units in publicistic discourse. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the authors reveal the role of the onomastic component of an economic article headline in creating informational, emotional and cultural field of a reader’s perception. The research findings are as follows: the authors identify tendencies of onym usage in headlines of the modern English-language economics magazines and analyse onomastic vocabulary as a text-formative means.

Фразеологизмы с именами собственными в текстах итальянских СМИ как элемент лингвокультурной идентичности

The article aims to reveal language and cultural identity of phraseological units with proper names in the Italian publicistic discourse. Precedence of proper names in the structure of phraseological units is considered as a basis of their language and cultural identity. The paper has interdisciplinary nature; it is written at the junction of linguo-culturology and phraseology. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the author examines a narrow group of phraseological units - phraseological units with proper names. The research findings are as follows: the author classifies proper names that determine language and cultural specificity of publicistic texts, identifies components of language and cultural identity of the phraseological units under study.

The linguo-cognitive potential of publicistic discourse

The article examines aspects of the phenomenon of publicistic discourse. The authorshighlight the communicative and cognitive components in the speech-thinking process consideringthe world experience of scientists, as well as experience based on a practical analysis of the Kazakhmass media. It is noted that discursive activity ensures realization of a whole range of cognitiveaxiological possibilities and abilities of the addressee. The article considers dynamic processes thatoccur in language and style of modern journalism.The conceptual basis of the study is the understanding of discourse as a phenomenon that is formedunder the influence of linguistic, cognitive, ideological, socio-cultural factors in various areas ofhuman life: politics, sociology, psychology, linguistics, journalism, etc. The choice of the theme isdue to the importance of the problem in a dynamically developing world.The authors substantiatethe relevance of the problem, using examples proving that information and knowledge continue tobe the main value in modern society, where not only a high degree of cognitive and communicativesaturation of the material is important, but also the problem of its understanding by the addressee.The work shows the mechanism of interaction between the cognitive and axiological componentsand methods of communication in the speech-thinking process on the example of Kazakhstanipublicistic discourse. Cognitive-influencing information becomes significant and promising,especially in the context of multilingualism, multiculturalism, polymentality of the population ofthe Republic of Kazakhstan.The article analyzes the ideologemes of the Kazakhstani «quality press», reveals the linguisticmeans used to accentuate the dominants.The presented material allowed the authors to showthe features of the process of functioning of the media language as a means of reflecting thoughtprocesses and to determine communicative perspectives

Оценочная семантика словообразовательной модели «сращение» в немецком языке (на примере неологизма ‘der Russlandversteher’ «понимающий Россию»)

The paper aims to describe compound nominations of a person in the German language. The article considers the structure and semantic features of the German nominal compounds, examines the functioning of the lexeme ‘der Russlandversteher’ (Russia-friendly person) in the modern German publicistic discourse. Scientific originality of the study involves analysing a newly appeared neologism widely used in the German political speech. The research findings are as follows: the author reveals the evaluative potential of the German nominal compounds, describes the usage of the neologism ‘der Russlandversteher’ in context, analyses difficulties when translating this lexical unit into Russian.

Precedent Phenomena in French Publicistic Discourse of Religious Character

The article analyzes the functioning of precedent phenomena in French religion-focused publicistic discourse. The paper investigates the role of precedent phenomena in discursive context, identifies their most frequent types and establishes the specifics of their cultural markedness. The authors used discourse units of up-to-date religious publications on French Internet websites. The main methods of analysis are continuous sampling, description, historical-cultural and contextual analysis, as well as certain statistical methods. All types of precedent phenomena, such as allusive names, utterances and texts, as well as situations and events, are used in French religion-focused publicistic discourse. The most frequently used phenomena are precedent texts, due to the nature of Christian culture based on scriptures and constant reference to sacred texts. Another notably frequent phenomena are precedent events; this might be owing to the specific character of publicistic discourse, the main function of which is to inform about events. Precedent names, utterances and situations are less frequent. Precedent phenomena add meanings to discourse, thus making an utterance deeper and more expressive. They can help to convey an opinion or add sentiment to a phrase. Precedent phenomena in a religion-focused publicistic discourse can express opinions implicitly, through allusions, thus influencing the recipient’s perception of the whole statement. To sum up, precedent phenomena in this type of discourse serve the most important function of publicistic discourse – the function of impact. The vast majority of precedent phenomena used in French religion-focused publicistic discourse are not culturally marked. This proves that religious French people consider themselves to be a part of the global Catholic community.