Public Pressure Research Articles

Towards sustainable urban transport—Political agenda formation and policy windows in Helsinki, Oslo, and Stockholm

AbstractThis paper examines the development of urban transport political agendas in three Nordic capital cities, Helsinki, Oslo, and Stockholm, that strive towards urban sustainability. Utilising the Multiple Streams framework as a basis for analysis, an overview of local problems, policy solutions, and politics that have characterised transport systems and the related policy development processes over time is constructed. The attention is then drawn towards the points in time where the streams connect, and policy windows occur, to detect formative changes and their enablers towards sustainability. The data consists of 18 semi‐structured expert interviews, conducted amongst municipal policymakers and planners. The results reveal several policy windows that have transformed the local transport systems towards sustainability and an increasingly people‐oriented approach. The relevance of global climate change awareness, international planning trends for liveability and cycling, public pressure, individual political decisions, and establishment of modal hierarchy is evident across the case cities, while car traffic regulation is politically challenging and addressed through very different means at very different times. The findings of this paper outline diverse ways for advancing sustainability in local policy development but also detect methods for politically halting the process.

Parliamentary questions, institutional change, and legislative oversight in a non‐Western context

AbstractThis study examines how the Federal National Council (FNC), the parliament of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), transformed from a consultative body to a legislative institution through gradual and incremental changes. It argues that the increasing number of parliamentary questions led to legal, procedural, and behavioral changes in the FNC, influenced by external (government support and public pressure) and internal (rationality, competence, incrementalism, and system development) factors. The success of this transformation is attributed to its gradual nature. Anticipating continued momentum, the study outlines future prospects shaped by the UAE government's commitment to FNC empowerment, heightened public expectations, and the influx of educated and experienced individuals into parliamentary roles. This ongoing institutional change reflects a responsive adaptation to evolving governance demands in the UAE. The study contributes to the theory of institutions and the understanding of legislative oversight in newly liberalized political systems.Related ArticlesAntwi‐Boateng, Osman, and Noura Hamad Salim Al Jaberi. 2022. “The Post‐Oil Strategy of the UAE: An Examination of Diversification Strategies and Challenges.” Politics & Policy 50(2): 380–407. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12457.Jouini, Nizar, and Manel Ben Akal. 2022. “Political Consensus, Economic Reforms, and Democratic Transitions in the Middle East: Evidence from Voting on Tunisian Reform Bills.” Politics & Policy 50(4): 851–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12489.Sarquís, David J. 2012. “Democratization after the Arab Spring: The Case of Egypt's Political Transition.” Politics & Policy 40(5): 871–903. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00381.x.

Law enforcement and auditors' roles, responses, and complicated relationships in accounting fraud?

Financial statement falsification or fraud that directly affects financial statements. The most extreme financial statement manipulation is accounting fraud. Beyond financial losses, fraud affects employees, industry, the environment, and society (International Public Sector Fraud Forum, 2020). Fraud causes corporate bankruptcy, reducing family income. Fraud distorts markets by giving fraudulent companies an advantage over legal ones. Accounting fraud can cause controversies that impact society and stakeholders. Regulators, practitioners, and researchers prioritize preventing these potentially dangerous events. Corporate activity monitoring has improved, but severe accounting fraud remains in ostensibly robust and diverse institutional environments. Accounting literature on auditor-law enforcement fraud coordination is examined in this study. This literature review uses a mixed methods research synthesis to analyze accounting journal articles from 2014 to 2024 using keywords like "Auditors," "Enforcement," "Accounting fraud," "responses," and "complicated relationships." Auditor and law enforcement roles, leading fraud indicators, and stages will be studied. Use Publish or Perish (PoP) and SLR 7P to collect data from SINTA, SEMANTIC Scholar, and Google Scholar. The investigations show the range of fraud terminologies and concepts, quantitative measurement discrepancy, and shallow fraud analysis. This study suggests more law enforcement-auditor case studies. This work will inform fraud accounting research. This paper underlines the need for academic, political, and practitioner cooperation to limit fraud's economic and social harms in a complex and interrelated system. This study examines how the accounting literature addresses law enforcement-auditor relationships in accounting fraud rather than monitoring systems or broad fraud discussions. Law enforcement actions have a significant impact on auditor-client relationships and information disclosure. Customers' perceptions of auditor quality and risks will be examined in the essay.

Do Threats or Shaming Increase Public Support for Policy Concessions? Alliance Coercion and Burden-Sharing in NATO

Abstract Existing literature suggests that alliance members can use their partners’ abandonment fears to obtain favorable concessions for themselves. However, evidence on the effectiveness of threats of abandonment as motivation for defense burden-sharing remains limited. This article uses a survey experiment conducted in Poland and Germany to assess how American signals of support and threats of abandonment shape public support for increasing their countries’ military spending. The findings suggest that threats of abandonment increase public support for higher defense spending, whereas approaches like “naming and shaming” under-contributing partners do not. However, assurances of protection did not decrease support for defense spending, and combining threats with assurances if anything increased those threats’ effects. Threats are thus most effective when they do not fundamentally undermine targets’ confidence in US protection. The findings have implications for understanding alliance politics and the utility of public pressure, and for policy debates about encouraging defense burden-sharing.

Manipulating Public Beliefs about Alliance Compliance: A Survey Experiment

Abstract Conventional wisdom on alliances proposes that leaders comply with alliances because the public opposes violating alliance commitments. However, this assumes that the public can easily judge whether or not a particular policy violates an alliance treaty. This article challenges this assumption and develops a theory that elites have the opportunity to shape public understanding as to whether an action violates an alliance treaty. It shows that while alliance commitments continue to have an important impact on public opinion, signals from unified elites can significantly reduce public pressure to support an ally by arguing that the alliance treaty does not create a legal obligation to intervene. In a pair of experiments on large samples of American adults, we found that a unified signal from the president and the Senate opposition leader can significantly reduce support for sending troops to the embattled ally. Consistent with elite cueing theory, the president’s ability to move public opinion in this manner is eliminated if the Senate opposition leader disagrees with his argument.

Is the Jigsaw Model Still Relevant for Improving Mathematical Ability? Meta-Analysis Studies

The Jigsaw learning model focuses on student activities in learning in general and also has an influence on students' mathematical abilities, but there are also some that do not have a significant influence. This research attempts to answer how much influence the Jigsaw model has based on the desired categorical variables. Therefore, meta-analysis research is needed to provide comprehensive and in-depth conclusions about the application of the Jigsaw model to students' mathematical abilities. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) is used to evaluate a property's value based on comparisons to similar properties in the same area. Data was obtained from Publish or Perish (PoP) with a total of 500 articles from 2010 to 2023 with the Google Scholar database. The number of journals that meet the requirements and will be analyzed is 30 sample articles with a total of 1252 students. The moderator variables in this study consider country, education level, sample size and publication source. Based on research findings, the Jigsaw model has a significant influence on numeracy skills (P-value 0.05), with an effect size of 1.146 which is classified as very high based on fixed effects and a standard error of 0.045. The research results show that the Jigsaw model is still relevant for improving students' mathematical abilities, especially at the elementary school level. This meta-analysis study reveals that there is no difference in the results of implementing the Jigsaw model on students' mathematical abilities in all country categories.

Violence and Power of the Modern British Monarch

Violence and Power of the Modern British Monarch

Enforcement and public opinion: the perceived legitimacy of rule of law sanctions

ABSTRACT The EU has powerful enforcement mechanisms to curb democratic backsliding and support the rule of law in its member states. While (the threat of) enforcement is necessary, sanctions might be difficult to accept as legitimate when they hurt a citizen's country. We study the perceived legitimacy of EU enforcement actions. We develop hypotheses about the influence of national identity, party support, procedural fairness, descriptive norm prevalence, and the likely effects of the sanctions on the future of cooperation. These hypotheses are tested with a survey experiment administered to a nationally-representative sample in Poland. The focus is on the substantial financial sanctions imposed by the EU concerning judicial independence. The results show that exclusive national identity, the perceived importance of the rule of law, support for European integration and party support are strongly associated with perceived legitimacy. Providing information about the prevalence of public support for judicial independence in the country increases significantly the perceived legitimacy of enforcement actions. We find no evidence for effects of arguments about Polexit, future deterrence effects of the sanctions or their procedural (un)fairness. EU sanctions might not lead to further backlash among the domestic public, but they are unlikely to generate public pressure for reforms.

Business, as usual? The impact of organized economic interests on the stringency of Covid-19 containment policies: insights from the Italian case

Abstract How do organized economic interests affect the governance of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic? We investigate whether the structural and instrumental power of employer organizations and unions impact upon the stringency of containment measures implemented by governing authorities to tackle the Covid-19 pandemic, focusing on Italy during the first Covid-19 wave of early 2020 as a crucial case. Using Hausman–Taylor panel regression models and original indicators of regional stringency and of unions and employers’ organizations’ efforts to exercise instrumental power via public pressure on social media, we find that the intensity of public pressure by employer organizations is negatively correlated with the stringency of the policy responses implemented by regional authorities to tackle the Covid-19 pandemic, whilst union pressures only show a limited effect. Our findings demonstrate that business pressure and the interplay of economic and class interests are constitutive of the governance of a crucial social and public health phenomenon such as the Covid-19 pandemic.

Forensic Psychiatry in the Quisling, Hamsun and Breivik Trials

The 2011 trial of Andreas Breivik for the mass murder of 69 Norwegian adolescents (plus eight people in an earlier bombing) was dominated by intense debate about his sanity, both in the court and public arenas. Similar controversies arose in two previous high-profile cases: the 1945 trial of the Norwegian collaborator Vidkun Quisling and the 1946 trial of the Nobel Prize winner Kurt Hamsun. Quisling, Hamsun and Breivik were all required to have psychiatric assessment. The findings were intensely disputed. The first assessments produced results the public found unacceptable. After a lengthy and controversial examination, Hamsun was exempted from a criminal trial but had to face a civil procedure in which he lost most of his savings. The public reaction in Breivik’s case went the other way: that he could be exempt from punishment by psychiatric illness caused such fury that legal protocol was overturned, and he was assessed again, this time producing a finding that all found satisfactory. Psychiatric issues in the three trials reviewed show remarkable symmetry, although also with some differences. Issues raised at these trials are the role of public pressure, the conflict between the belief that the perpetrators had to be mad to do what they did and the desire that they not escape due to punishment by psychiatric confinement and the recurrent problem in forensic assessment of assessing extreme overvalue beliefs. The forensic aspects at the trial of Peter Sutcliffe show that these issues were not unique to the Norwegian legal system.

Publish and perish: mental health among communication and media scholars

Abstract Studies point to a significantly higher prevalence of mental health issues among academics compared to most other working populations. However, we know relatively little about the situation within the field of media and communication studies. Based on an international survey of 1028 researchers within this field, we found mental health issues to be widespread. Early career researchers, women, and those in nonpermanent positions were significantly more strongly affected by these issues than scholars in later career stages, men, and those in permanent employment. Academics in our field worry most about structural aspects of their work, most notably about publication pressure and future career prospects. We argue that while our findings are somewhat aligned with results from or across other fields, they are still worrisome. We thus argue for the need to start a conversation about how to reduce the mental burden, especially for young and early career researchers.

Trade strategy with the countries along the Ice Silk Road: a Rabin model-based perspective

ABSTRACT Since the Ice Silk Road (ISR) was put forward, its development prospect has become the focus of academic circles. To study the influence mechanism of ‘fairness preference’ on the trade cooperation of countries along the ISR, this paper constructs the trade cooperation network based on the bilateral trade data of countries along the ISR, establishes the theoretical model of network game based on Rabin model, and uses the simulation method to test the model. The results show that: (1) the sense of national cognitive fairness does have an impact on the trade cooperation of the ISR; (2) the ‘eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth’ strategy is not an advantage strategy in the trade cooperation of the ISR; (3) the most significant factor affecting the trade cooperation of countries along the ISR is the neighbor node in the trade network and the social public opinion pressure of cooperation in the network.

Publication pressure in medical imaging

PurposeTo investigate the degree of perceived publication pressure in medical imaging. MethodCorresponding authors who published an article in one of the top 12 general radiology journals were invited to complete a survey about publication pressure. The revised Publication Pressure Questionnaire (PPQr) was used. Higher PPQr scores (5-point Likert scale) indicate a more negative view towards the various domains of publication pressure. Results203 corresponding authors participated. Median PPQr scores in the domains “publication stress”, “publication attitude”, and “publication resources” were 3.33, 3.50, and 3.67, respectively. Age 25–34 years (β coefficient 0.366, P = 0.047), female gender (β coefficient 0.293, P = 0.020), and 5–10 years of research experience (β coefficient 0.370, P = 0.033) were associated with a higher level of perceived publication stress, whereas age ≥ 65 years was negatively associated with perceived publication stress (β coefficient −0.846, P < 0.001). Age 55–64 years and age > 65 years were associated with a more positive view towards the publication climate (β coefficients −0.391 and −0.663, P = 0.018 and P = 0.002, respectively). Age 45–54 years was associated with a perception of fewer factors available to alleviate publication pressure (β coefficient 0.301, P = 0.014), whereas age 25–34 years was associated with a perception of more factors available to alleviate publication pressure (β coefficient −0.352, P = 0.012). ConclusionPerceived publication pressure among medical imaging researchers appears to be appreciable and is associated with several (academic) demographics.

Revise and resubmit? Peer reviewing business historical research

Peer review in Business History has benefitted from the insights of over 550 expert reviewers over the past three years. In this editorial, we contextualise the journal’s peer review process historically and in the available literature. We discuss some of the challenges of the double-blind review system, including securing reviewer engagement amidst time constraints and publication pressure, the dark sides of anonymisation, and the role of bias, values, and interdisciplinarity in research evaluations. Based on these reflections, we furnish some concrete guidance for reviewers on how to approach business historical research. We end by contemplating the future landscape of peer review and opening a conversation about review standards and reviewer education in the field of business history. Is peer review ripe for revision and resubmit?

Exploration of the Application of Green Mining Technology in Coal Mines under the New Situation

This paper discusses the application of green mining technology in coal mines under the new situation, considering the environmental pressures and requirements for sustainable development faced by coal mining. Firstly, it introduces the definition and principles of green mining, along with its development history, and analyzes the importance of relevant policies and regulations. Subsequently, it analyzes the demands faced by coal mining under the new situation, including the relationship between environmental issues and sustainable development, the impact of new energy development on coal mines, and social demands and public opinion pressure. Furthermore, through application cases, it showcases the specific practices of green mining technology in coal mines, involving environmental protection technology, energy efficiency improvement technology, and green mining technology. When discussing the challenges and issues of technology application, it focuses on technical difficulties, economic feasibility, and human resources and training needs. Finally, it looks ahead to the prospects of green mining technology in coal mines, emphasizing the importance of sustainable development and proposing suggestions regarding technological innovation, policy support, and corporate responsibilities.

Diffusion of BIM policies in China: an event history analysis

PurposeDespite the critical role of the policy environment in facilitating the advancement of building information modeling (BIM) as a systemic innovation to reshape traditional facility design, construction and operation processes, scant scholarly attention has been paid to systematically investigating how and why complex BIM policies are concretely and gradually implemented in different regional contexts from a dynamic policy diffusion perspective. This study aims to empirically investigate how different types of BIM policy instruments are dynamically implemented in heterogeneous regions over time and how the diffusion of BIM policies across different regions is comprehensively impacted by both internal efficiency needs and external legitimacy pressures.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed a positivist research paradigm in which BIM policy data from 182 prefecture-level and above cities in China during 2011–2022 were analyzed with quantitative approaches for theory verification. Based on the content analysis of the evolutionary characteristics of the adopted BIM policy instruments in heterogeneous regions over time, the event history analysis (EHA) method was then used to further examine the mechanisms underlying the diffusion of BIM policies across different regions.FindingsThe content analysis results show that while environmental instruments (such as technological integration and goal planning) are the primary policy instruments currently adopted in China, recent years have also witnessed increasing adoptions of supply-side instruments (such as fiscal support and information support) and demand-side instruments (such as demonstration projects and tax incentives). After controlling for the impacts of regional fiscal and technical resources, the EHA results illustrate that BIM policy adoption positively relates to regional construction industry scale but negatively relates to regional industry productivity and that compared with public pressures from industry participants, vertical pressures from the central government and horizontal pressures from neighboring regions are more substantial drivers for policy adoption.Originality/valueAs an exploratory effort of using a dynamic policy diffusion perspective to systematically investigate how BIM policies are adopted in heterogeneous regional contexts to facilitate BIM advancement, this study not only characterizes the complexity and dynamics of BIM policies but also provides deepened understandings of the mechanisms underlying policy adoption in the conservative construction industry. The findings hold implications for how multifarious policy instruments can be more effectively and dynamically adopted to facilitate the advancement of BIM and related technologies as innovative solutions in the construction domain.

Navigating wartime communications: multinational corporations in the Russia-Ukraine war

AbstractThis article explores the communication strategies of multinational corporations in response to the Russo-Ukrainian War and the public pressure to divest from the Russian domestic market. By content analyzing official statements from the top 50 revenue-generating multinational corporations in Russia, the article identifies patterns in corporate narratives about the war, their actions and concerns, and potential solutions. The findings reveal that most companies declare scaling down their presence in Russia while maintaining certain basic obligations, prioritizing employee safety, and expressing concerns about the global economy. While few explicitly condemn Russia's aggression, many adopt neutral language to avoid naming Russia as the aggressor. Corporations emphasize the importance of diplomacy, adherence to international law, and the pursuit of peace, but often avoid proposing concrete solutions. Despite variations across industries, countries of origin, and decisions to stay or leave Russia, the differences in statements were not significant. The uniformity of corporate statements and evidence that companies frequently do not follow their declared promises suggest potential “bluewashing” – making vague or false claims of social responsibility or anti-war stances to improve their public image. These findings emphasize the need for multinational corporations to develop sincere and original wartime communication strategies.

Pelatihan Penggunaan Aplikasi Publish Or Perish (POP) Untuk Mencari Referensi Jurnal Pada Mahasiswa Universitas Muhammadiyah Jambi

Every student has the ability to write scientific papers, but in reality there are still many students who have difficulty. This is due to the limited ability of students to access references, as experienced by students at Muhammadiyah University in Jambi. Publish or Perish (PoP) is an application that can help students find references. Therefore, this service activity is carried out with the aim of providing training to students to improve students' abilities in writing scientific papers through Publish or Perish (PoP). The training activity began with the delivery of material on the importance of using Publish of Perish (PoP) in writing scientific papers. Introduction to the Publish or Perish (PoP) application. Delivery of material with lectures, questions and answers. Then carry out practice in the form of downloading the Publish or Perish (PoP) application on the desktop, installing the Publish or Perish (PoP) application. Operate the Publish or Perish (PoP) application. The conclusion from this PKM activity is that the majority of activity participants who are students at Muhammadiyah University of Jambi are able to use the Publish or Perish (PoP) application well.

Twenty years of Islamic banking literature by Indonesian researchers: A hybrid reviews

Purpose – The emergence and growth of Islamic Banking in Indonesia have significantly increased over the past few decades. Consequently, there is a pressing requirement for a thorough examination to analyze the present state of IB literature, including its development and conceptual framework.Methodology – This study utilizes a bibliometric methodology and Systematic Literature Review (SLR), applying content analysis techniques to uncover the intellectual framework of IB literature produced by Indonesian researchers, as documented in the Scopus database. This study utilized 418 articles published between 2003 and 2023, resulting in a total of 418 articles. Data were analyzed using various software applications, including Publish or Perish (PoP), Excel, VOS-Viewer, and Biblioshiny-R.Findings – This study identifies the institutions, authors, journals, and articles that have had the most influence on IB literature published by academics in Indonesia. Additionally, this study sought to uncover patterns of research collaboration within this body of literature. Moreover, this study discovered four main clusters: comparing Islamic and conventional banks, examining the interaction between Islamic banks and their customers, exploring corporate social responsibility (CSR) and accounting practices, and examining the impact of Covid-19 within the context of Islamic banking. Implications – The findings of this study will assist researchers in identifying a range of potential topics for future research that Indonesian researchers can explore.Originality – Applying bibliometrics and SLR methodologies enables this study to comprehensively assess literature development in the IB in Indonesia by incorporating quantitative and qualitative analyses.

Indonesia's Geostrategic Position in Global and Regional Politics: Government Preparation

The People's Republic of China (PRC) and the United States (US) continue to compete for power and influence in various places, particularly in Asia. Southeast Asia is also unifying ASEAN countries under the ASEAN Community Accord. It is vital to recognize the impact of pressure on Indonesia's geostrategic development. Failure to anticipate this can have harmful implications and risk the nation's interests in accomplishing its goals and ideals. However, development strategy research has yet to be adequately reviewed, considered, and integrated within Indonesia's geostrategic setting. This is particularly essential considering the dynamic character of developments within the current strategic environment. Thus, the government must vigorously defend Indonesia's geostrategic position in global and regional politics. These efforts should be a significant input and consideration in national and state issues, ensuring Indonesia's national interests are safeguarded. Therefore, the government can effectively pursue its national goals and aspirations. The preservation and seamless continuance of Indonesia's national ideals can be maintained. A comprehensive literature assessment was undertaken in the past decade utilizing the hazing publish or perish (PoP) application, which involved the utilization of various databases, including "PupMed," "ABIInform," "EBSO Host," "Emerald," "Google Scholar," "Science Direct," "ProQuest," "Web of Science," and "ERIC." This study incorporates the employment of concepts such as "global politics," "ASEAN Community," "political developments," "political dynamics," and "geostrategic conditions." Insufficient infrastructure and limited accessibility. This study provides a complete survey of the extant literature on global and regional political development processes. A comprehensive examination of long-term effects and comparing distribution tactics and research methods are needed. This research explores the requirement of predicting distinct vulnerabilities within each National Resilience Gatra in light of global and regional political development dynamics. In light of the input and optimistic outlook surrounding endeavours to execute primary national responsibilities, safeguard national interests, and actualize national objectives in pursuit of Indonesia's national aspirations, further investigation is warranted into global and regional political development dynamics. Additional work is necessary to address this gap.