Public Transport Areas Research Articles

Does the improvement of public Wi-Fi technology undermine mobile network operators’ profits? Evidence from consumer preferences

Cellular data consumption by users is the main revenue source for mobile network operators (MNOs). On the one hand, technological development and expansion in Wi-Fi coverage can reduce cellular data usage. On the other hand, Wi-Fi offloading, which entails redirecting cellular traffic to a Wi-Fi network, can prevent network quality degradation as a result of explosive cellular traffic. Thus, the advancement and expansion of public Wi-Fi are both beneficial and detrimental for MNOs. Therefore, in this study, we analyze consumer preferences based on changes in the properties of Wi-Fi and cellular networks by employing a mixed logit model with stated preference data. The results indicate high consumer preference when the cellular and Wi-Fi networks are fast, Wi-Fi usability range is wide, and price is low. To analyze the impact of improving public Wi-Fi technology on MNOs, we conduct a scenario analysis. When the Wi-Fi service speed increases to 100 Mbps or more and its coverage expands to span an entire public transportation area, consumers reduce the amount of their monthly cell phone plan by 1347 Korean won (KRW) (1.15 USD) and 5141 KRW (4.40 USD), respectively. The results of this study can facilitate the determination of appropriate public Wi-Fi speeds, establish the quality of cellular networks by considering the effect on MNOs, and improve social welfare by expanding public Wi-Fi networks.

Modal equity of accessibility to healthcare in Recife, Brazil

In the context of increasing urbanization and income inequality, transport professionals in the Global South need to be prepared to effectively plan for the needs of various groups within the population, particularly for those regarding health and well-being. Accessibility is widely used as a performance measure for land use and transport systems; it measures people’s ease of reaching desired destinations and incorporates mode, time, and/or cost constraints. Considerable differences exist in the level of accessibility experienced by different mode users in reaching healthcare facilities, which calls for additional equity considerations given the prevailing socio-demographic characteristics of the users of various modes and the importance of healthcare facilities as a destination. In this study, we explore the distribution of accessibility to healthcare facilities by public transport and by car in Recife, Brazil, through an equity assessment to identify areas with low accessibility using these modes at different times of day. In general, the higher accessibility of public transport as well as greater modal equity was observed in central regions of Recife, whereas the periphery, where many low-income census tracts can be found, experiences significant inequity when it comes to access by both modes to healthcare facilities. This analysis allowed us to classify locations to access impoverished, access absolutely impoverished, and access impoverished by public transport areas, which can be targeted with appropriate land use and public transport policy interventions. This paper can be of value to professionals and researchers working toward equitable land use and transport systems in the Global South.

PELAKSANAAN KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN DAN PENGENALAN MANAJEMEN BISNIS SYARIAH DI DESA SUKAMAJU, KECAMATAN CIBUNGBULANG, KABUPATEN BOGOR

Abstract
 Covid-19 is a pandemic that occurs in various parts of the world and is a form of public concern. Transmission of this disease can be prevented by maintaining cleanliness, one of which can use antiseptics and disinfectants. This study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of the use of antiseptics and disinfectants to prevent the transmission of Covid-19 in the Sukamaju village community. It can be concluded that the use of antiseptics and disinfectants to prevent the transmission of Covid-19 is effective if the selection is right and is used according to its designation. There is a need for further education by health workers to the public in order to be a preventive measure against the further spread of Covid-19. When the status of the Covid-19 pandemic was declared, various countries made efforts to prevent the transmission of the disease; Indonesia is no exception. One way to break the chain of transmission is to carry out disinfection. This article is a scoping review with the aim of getting an overview of the implementation of disinfection in preventing the transmission of Covid-19 in public areas and the possible health risks posed. The method of collecting data/information is by searching the websites of various ministries/agencies and online media within a period of 3 (three) months, starting from March 2020 (determination of the Covid-19 pandemic) until May 2020. The data and information collected includes references, locations, methods , the target of disinfection, as well as the disinfectant used, and its effect on health. Data analysis was done descriptively. The results show that disinfection in public areas, in offices, health facilities (hospitals and health centers), housing, shopping centers/malls/markets, and transportation areas (roads, terminals, bus stops, and vehicles) is carried out by spraying directly on the surface /objects that are frequently touched and in the disinfection booth, use a disinfectant that is irritating. The implementation of disinfection in several public areas is still not in accordance with the Disinfection Protocol/Guidelines in the Prevention of Covid-19 Transmission, so that it has the potential to pose a health risk. It can be concluded that the implementation of disinfection in public areas has the potential to pose a health risk. There is a need for supervision in the implementation of disinfection and socialization as well as education about potential health risks to the community.
 Keywords: Covid-19, Disinfection Protocol/Guidelines, education about Shariah Business Management to the community.

Design of a Reconfigurable Wall Disinfection Robot.

During a viral outbreak, such as COVID-19, autonomously operated robots are in high demand. Robots effectively improve the environmental concerns of contaminated surfaces in public spaces, such as airports, public transport areas and hospitals, that are considered high-risk areas. Indoor spaces walls made up most of the indoor areas in these public spaces and can be easily contaminated. Wall cleaning and disinfection processes are therefore critical for managing and mitigating the spread of viruses. Consequently, wall cleaning robots are preferred to address the demands. A wall cleaning robot needs to maintain a close and consistent distance away from a given wall during cleaning and disinfection processes. In this paper, a reconfigurable wall cleaning robot with autonomous wall following ability is proposed. The robot platform, Wasp, possess inter-reconfigurability, which enables it to be physically reconfigured into a wall-cleaning robot. The wall following ability has been implemented using a Fuzzy Logic System (FLS). The design of the robot and the FLS are presented in the paper. The platform and the FLS are tested and validated in several test cases. The experimental outcomes validate the real-world applicability of the proposed wall following method for a wall cleaning robot.

Precise Docking at Charging Stations for Large-Capacity Vehicles: An Advanced Driver-Assistance System for Drivers of Electric Urban Buses

Contemporary transportation is developing toward applications of large-capacity vehicles. This trend is caused mainly by environmental and economic factors. In the public transportation area, it leads to the use of long and articulated electric buses, which are difficult to maneuver, even for experienced drivers. Consequently, there is a need to develop advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) for operators of urban buses to safely perform positioning maneuvers with acceptable precision. This article presents an ADAS concept dedicated to the task of precisely docking a pantograph tip with a charging station. We describe the functional structure of the ADAS and explain details of its interconnected components responsible for motion algorithmization, environmental perception, and vehicle localization. Experimental results of assisted pantograph docking maneuvers obtained with an articulated electric bus are provided.

Assessing the Risk in Urban Public Transport for Epidemiologic Factors

Pandemics have presented new challenges for public transport organisers and operators. New diseases (e.g., influenza H1N1, severe acute respiratory syndrome—SARS, as well as, more recently, SARS-CoV-2) increase the need for new protection measures to prevent epidemic outbreaks in public transport infrastructure. The authors’ goal is to present a set of actions in the area of public transport that are adjusted to different levels of epidemic development. The goal goes back to the following question: how can the highest possible level of passenger safety be ensured and the losses suffered by urban public transport companies kept as low as possible? The sets of pro-active measures for selected epidemic scenarios presented in the article may offer support to local authorities and public transport operators. In the next steps, it is important to develop and implement tools for public transport management to ensure safety and tackle epidemic hazards.

A quantitative, equitable framework for urban transportation electrification: Oakland, California as a mobility model of climate justice

This paper implements a framework that catalogs and maps opportunities at a city level to support the electrification of the transportation system in an equitable way. Leveraging on the use of hyper-local air quality data, paired with sociodemographic indicators, we evaluate the framework in the City of Oakland, CA under a context of public and private transport areas to prioritize interventions and incentives, while reducing environmental hazard exposure under an equity focus. Following the recognition of racial and socio-economic disparities, the subsequent steps of implementing operational strategies are to identify specific bus routes in the city in which decarbonization would render the highest impact with respect to the distribution of environmental burden, and to identify regions in which private vehicle interventions would render the highest impact with respect to racial and social equity and mobility.

Public-Private Partnerships in Transportation Infrastructures: A Tool to Overcome the Post-Covid-19 Economic Crisis in Spain

An indicator of the economic crisis generated by COVID-19, provided by the National Institute of Statistics is the decrease in the numbers of passengers in collective transport and international tourists arriving in Spain in 2020. To overcome this economic crisis, this paper analyzes, by using exploratory research methodology, the implementation of new passenger transportation infrastructures through public-private partnerships. With this approach, it will be possible to mobilize private capital, create jobs, obtain tax return and generate economic activity. We propose that priority actions related to the areas of collective public transport, urban mobility and road safety on conventional roads, should be carried out by the Association of Construction Companies and Infrastructure Concessionaires and the Spanish Association of Engineering, Consulting and Technological Services.

The Resolution of Ojek Online Vs. Traditional Public Transportation Conflict

Nowadays, the demand for people mobility is getting higher. The breakthrough of online application-based transportation innovation such as Go-Jek combining transportation with communication technology through smartphone requires the people to decide which transportation is most compatible to their need. The presence of something innovative in many areas can get resistance, so can the presence of ojek online (online taxibike) in Garut Regency getting resistance from conventional transportation, particularly ojek pangkalan (base taxibike) and city public transportation (angkot) ending up with conflict. This research aims to provide an alternative solution by means of organizing conflict mapping, conflict resolution process, and conflict resolution. Research method employed was qualitative approach, while data was obtained through observation and interview with 8 informants. The result of research showed that factors becoming the main source of conflict are social factor related to the passenger preferring ojek online, ojek online picking up passenger in ojek pangkalan and city public transportation areas and economic factor including cheaper tariff of ojek online.

Understanding the mediator role of satisfaction in public transport: A cross-country analysis

Many studies have analyzed the relationship between service quality, satisfaction and behavioral intentions or loyalty in the field of public transport. Yet despite growing interest, there is a lack of consensus regarding a number of aspects, e.g.: the difference between service quality and satisfaction, between behavioral intentions and loyalty, or the mediating effect of satisfaction between service quality and behavioral intentions. The main objective of this article is to shed light on the type of mediator effect exerted by satisfaction between service quality and behavioral intentions or loyalty in the area of urban and metropolitan public transport. To this end, structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to compare two competitive models, one in which satisfaction plays a partial mediating role (i.e. service quality presents direct and indirect effects on behavioral intentions or loyalty), and another where satisfaction exerts a complete or full mediator effect (i.e., service quality presents only indirect effects). The comparison is based on data from a single (translated) survey of public transport users in five European cities: Madrid, Rome, Berlin, Lisbon and London. The results support the superiority of the full mediator model over the partial mediator one in the urban and metropolitan public transport sector. The use of five independent samples made it possible replicate results and generalize conclusions, as well as identify other methodological and practical aspects. From a methodological standpoint, this paper confirmed the need to consider service quality and satisfaction as different factors and to compare alternative models with different samples when applying SEM to the public transport field. From a practical standpoint, the results suggest that service quality, associated with specific attributes of service, exerts a total effect on behavioral intentions or loyalty, superior to the effect of satisfaction, a finding that has important implications for transport operators. Finally, this study confirms that in large cities, the intermodality of public transport is one of the attributes that contributes most to the appraisal of its service quality, together with frequency, punctuality and speed.

Small and Medium Enterprises Business Strategy in Pandemic COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic that has hit the world including Indonesia since early 2020 has had a significant impact on the Indonesian economy, especially in the Small and Medium Enterprises (SME’s) sector. This study aims to determine an efficient business strategy to survive the COVID-19 pandemic in Padangsidimpuan City. This study uses descriptive qualitative analysis techniques with semi-structured interview methods using purposive sampling in selecting sources and then analyzed with SWOT analysis and described in the form of a matrix so as to produce several alternative SME’s business strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that several sectors in Padangsidimpuan City felt the direct impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as the areas of public transportation and tourism which experienced a decline. Meanwhile, in the food sector it is still stable, but in services such as expeditions and delivery it has increased. The narrow space of movement between sellers and buyers that is happening now makes selling online the main solution. Businesses need to open up insight in thinking to start choosing e-marketing as a promotional path for goods and services to increase the number of sales transactions while still adhering to health protocols.

A new perspective to map the supply and demand of artificial night light based on Loujia1-01 and urban big data

The notable increase in artificial night light (ANL) induced by the rapid urbanization process has been widely studied, but a deep understanding of the supply and demand status of ANL is still lacking. This paper attempts to map the supply and demand of ANL from the human perspective by using advanced Loujia1-01 nighttime imagery and social media derived population density (PD) data, which provides a new tool for light regulation in urban management. The bivariate clustering based k-means algorithm and template matching technique are integrated to delineate mismatch regions at the block scale to further analyze the underlying reason for unbalanced status. The results showed that the high supply but low demand (HSLD) ANL status was the leading component in the mismatch regions, occupying more than 650,000 ha and mainly occurring in the city center. The HSLD proportion was considerable in terms of public services (44%), commercial (40%), industrial (39%), transportation (56%), and green space areas (53%). Moreover, the HSLD area notably increased 946 ha over time from 18:00 to 22:00. The measurements for validation obtained by field investigation showed highly linear relationship with ANL (R2 = 0.75) and PD (R2 = 0.62), and the mapping results were consistent with the actual conditions. This study reveals the highly unbalanced ANL status, and appeals to planners for the establishment of optimal lighting regulations to alleviate disruptive effects.

A produção do espaço urbano na cidade de Campinas 2000-2017

O artigo proposto decorre de uma dissertação de mestrado e analisa a expansão urbana recente do município de Campinas a partir do levantamento dos loteamentos aprovados no período 2000–2017. Esta base de dados nos permite compreender as diferentes configurações da expansão e transformação urbana da cidade nestes últimos vinte anos. Como nem todos os empreendimentos aprovados foram efetivamente realizados, a pesquisa contrapõe as informações cadastrais com as transformações verificadas nas imagens da plataforma Google no período considerado. A acessibilidade, neste trabalho, é tomada como um elemento que influi fortemente nos valores imobiliários. Em contrapartida, seus diferentes noveis de serviço estariam criando áreas visivelmente segregadas no processo recente de expansão urbana. Por um lado o sistema viário principal, as rodovias e as principais avenidas de circulação automobilística e, por outro, as áreas mais cativas do transporte público estão sendo determinantes na localização diferenciada dos novos loteamentos. No caso específico, além da influência dessas infraestruturas, a legislação urbanística local tem contribuído para induzir transformações significativas na forma urbana e na construção da cidade, principalmente de suas bordas mais recentes.

Spatial Effects Over Time-Framed Happiness

The article investigates average marginal effects of intra-urban, urban-remote and perceived spatial differences over time-framed happiness. The study is based on a self-report social survey conducted in Adana which includes three different time frames for happiness, namely at present (short-term), in the last week and in the last 4 weeks (global). Over which, the effects of objective, subjective and social spatial variables through socio-economic and social capital variables are measured using logistic regression models. Based on cognitive neuroscience research findings, the expectations are that perceived aspects of life are more likely related to short-term happiness and objective aspects of life are more likely related to global happiness. The analyses reveal that urban-remote difference is more likely related to higher global happiness; vehicle dependent-others difference is more likely related to higher happiness; perceived spatial factors are more likely related to short-term happiness; lower relative income and higher neighborhood inequality are more likely to decrease global happiness; the unemployed and retired urban residents are more likely to feel less happy and related to global happiness; personal characteristics and socio-economic factors are more likely related to one-week happiness. The implications suggest that policies should be towards the city retirees and the unemployeds who feel less happy, and intensive public transportation areas and their residents who are the most unhappy and more disturbed by air pollution. For policy implementation, we recommend that the authorities discuss the public transport, distance to services, air pollution and unemployment issues, and adopt the retirement adjustment law to eliminate the grievances in the pensions of the retirees.

PRODÜKSİYON AMAÇLI KENT ODAKSAL SES BANKASI OLUŞTURMA: ŞEHR-İ SADA İZMİR

Sound design is an essential element of visual productions such as movies, tv series and stage performances. Sound tracks which are created using reproduced sounds or previously recorded audio libraries make the resulting product much more realistic. While reproduction is an inevitable necessity to be the first method in production, using previously recorded tracks requires a serious memory, a sound library. Sound libraries produced by leading companies such as Lucas, Universal and BBC and other companies like Boom Library and Bigfishaudio etc. have been used in countless productions. Thanks to these sound banks, it is possible to reach thousands of audio sources with different audio qualities. However, some of the audio libraries do not reflect the actual sonic properties of the environment adequately thus putting the production in a difficult situation and resulting in a loss of time. One of these problematic audio sources are the city sounds. Cities are alive for twenty-four hours, with diverse soundscapes like city squares, markets, parks, public transportation areas, entertainment and shopping centers. On the other hand, every city has their unique identity and the city’s “sound” is one of the genuine features which let us recall that identity. Therefore, an audio library which consists of city sounds make it easy for the users to get their hands-on city-focused common sounds, creating the opportunity to project that city’s identity when perceived. The aim of this Project is to create a city-focused sound bank to be used in productions. The city of Izmir, which we will present with its unique soundscapes, will be the first city to be recorded. This library set an example for the upcoming libraries and city of Izmir will be more convenient to work in because of the ease of operation and transportation. The target is to record approximately 200 sounds in 40 different and categorised areas/spaces like Konak square, Kordon coastline, Basmane, Agora, Boat piers, Teleferik area etc. directly reflecting the identity of Izmir

How Perceived Security Risk Influences Acceptance of Virtual Shopping Walls

Virtual shopping walls are innovative digital stores that can be placed in highly frequented areas of public transport, such as bus or subway stations. These walls resemble shelves of a stationary supermarket and allow convenient shopping with the smartphone combined with home delivery. The goal of the present research is to shed light on what drives widespread use of this store concept. Complementing traditional models of technology acceptance, this work examines the impact of perceived security risk with special emphasis on its moderating effect on the perceived usefulness-behavioral intention relationship. We find that the intention to use virtual shopping walls is driven by perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, while perceived security risk acts like a barrier to acceptance. The negative effect of high perceived security risk, however, is mitigated by high perceived usefulness. This means that high perceived usefulness of virtual shopping walls can compensate for increased risk perceptions in a significant way, providing important insights for providers of virtual shopping walls.

Effects of Free-Floating Shared Bicycles on Urban Public Transportation

As a product of the development of the Internet and the sharing economy, shared bicycles are beneficial in solving the last mile problem of public transportation for urban residents and expanding the service area of urban public transportation to a certain extent. This paper analyses the spatial-temporal characteristics of shared bicycles in the city of Beijing by using kernel density estimation and statistical analysis methods. The maximum coverage location problem model is used to quantify the effects of shared bicycles on the subway and bus urban public transportation systems. The analysis results are of great importance to identify the effects of shared bicycle usage on an urban bus public transportation system from the view of space-time. The results show that (1) shared bicycles are largely located within 1.5 km from the subway station and 500 m from the bus stations; (2) the number of the shared bicycle usage changes along with the distance from the subway and bus stations; (3) subway and bus stations are divided into six types based on the sink-source characteristics of shared bicycles; (4) the service areas of subway and bus stations are expanded by approximately 2.34 and 1.33 times, respectively, after the implementation of shared bicycles.

Examination of spatial accessibility at micro- and macro-levels using the enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method

ABSTRACTFloating catchment area (FCA) metrics are a family of measures used to quantify spatial accessibility. Spatial accessibility fuses the concepts of accessibility and availability to describe the relationship between the supply and demand of resources. FCA metrics have been applied to measure accessibility of numerous amenities including health services, public transportation, and recreation areas. Macro-level data such as census tracts and census blocks are often used to represent population locations in the calculation of FCA metrics. This approach is susceptible to masking geographic variability that may exist at less aggregated levels, such as at the individual level. This research explores how level of data aggregation can impact the measurement and interpretation of FCA based metrics. Our case study uses the E2SFCA method to measure and compare the spatial accessibility of public parks using micro- and macro-level population representations. Our analysis shows a general agreement in the FCA results among various levels of data aggregation. As expected, error in the FCA measurements generally increased as larger areal units were used; however, our results also show a somewhat nuanced picture, as particularities arising from the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem and the gravity-based calculation of the E2SFCA appear to affect the resulting differences among FCA values. Because obtaining and using individual based data can be challenging for researchers, macro-level data are often the only reliable alternative. Our findings provide insight into the limitations associated with using macro-level data to measure and interpret spatial accessibility.

Automated Crowd Controlling System Using Image Processing and Video Processing Technique to Avoid Stamped

Crowd control is needed to prevent the outbreak of disorder and prevent possible stampedes. An automated detection of people crowds from images has become a very important research field. Due to the importance of the topic, many researchers tried to solve this problem using CCTV street cameras. There are still significant problems in managing public pedestrian transport areas such as railway stations, stadiums, shopping malls, and religious gatherings. Using CCTV cameras, some image processing techniques are suitable for an automatic crowd monitoring system. The feasibility of such a system has been tested by analyzing the crowd behavior, crowd density and motion. Traditional measurement techniques, based on manual observations, are not suitable for comprehensive data collection of patterns of density and movement. Real-time monitoring is tedious and tiring, but critical for safety. The author has investigated a number of techniques for crowd density estimation, movement estimation, incident detection and their merits using image processing.

You cannot do it Yourself: Enhancing Experience through Co-creation

Purpose of the article: To evaluate the individual factors of co-creation value in urban public transport and their impact on customer experience. Customer experience management is a new marketing direction that will allow companies to differentiate themselves and gain a competitive advantage. The core ability of companies adopting the customer experience management approach is to be able to understand customers’ perceptions of their business, which is often significantly different from the conventional company’s view. It encompasses every aspect of a company’s offering from advertising, features of products and services to ease of use, reliability or the quality of customer care. Co-creation is a management initiative, or form of economic strategy, that brings different parties together in order to jointly produce a mutually valued outcome. Co-creation brings a blend of ideas from direct customers which in turn creates new ideas to the organization. This article focuses on the issue of co-creating value in transport across the city. Methodology/methods: Secondary research of scientific articles and primary research using a questionnaire, informal interviews and captured memorable moments. Scientific aim: To assess how important is value co-creation in urban public transport and what factors influence the co-creation of value. The article identifies which factors influence the co-creation of value and to what extent they are influenced by the company itself and to what extent it affects only the customers. Findings: In the area of urban public transport, co-creation of values is very important because it affects customer experience and customers are interested in participating in this co-creation. Conclusions: Other customers who use the same service have a negative impact on value creation and customer experience. Modern technology can greatly contribute to co-creation of value and better perception of customer experience. Customers are interested in contributing to value creation and improving customer experience.