Abstract
Pandemics have presented new challenges for public transport organisers and operators. New diseases (e.g., influenza H1N1, severe acute respiratory syndrome—SARS, as well as, more recently, SARS-CoV-2) increase the need for new protection measures to prevent epidemic outbreaks in public transport infrastructure. The authors’ goal is to present a set of actions in the area of public transport that are adjusted to different levels of epidemic development. The goal goes back to the following question: how can the highest possible level of passenger safety be ensured and the losses suffered by urban public transport companies kept as low as possible? The sets of pro-active measures for selected epidemic scenarios presented in the article may offer support to local authorities and public transport operators. In the next steps, it is important to develop and implement tools for public transport management to ensure safety and tackle epidemic hazards.
Highlights
An important part of the analyses presented in the article is a comprehensive literature review
Public transport operators should focus on making travel as safe as possible when social distancing is in effect so that those without a car or disabled people are able to travel
If social distancing rules were to be continued over an extended period, operators should consider rearranging the interiors of public transport vehicles
Summary
The literature review was aimed to provide a deep and exhaustive assessment of solutions adopted to reduce the risk of spreading the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in public transport. As cities grow and increase their populations, the constant development of urban public transport becomes necessary. The design of a comprehensive and modern transport system to support inter-city and internal traffic is hugely challenging. This sets the context for the following issues [1,2,3]: Analysis of travel behaviour and management of demand integration within a group of cities; Design and management of agglomeration systems; Identification of risk and crisis management within an agglomeration system; Issues involved in sustainable urban development including the development of the transport system. Considering the changes in the demographic structures of developed countries, access to urban transport for older people and people with reduced mobility should be one of the essential criteria for assessing mobility-related quality of life
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