Development Of Public Transport Research Articles

Acceptance of Automated Shuttles—Application and Extension of the UTAUT-2 Model to Wizard-of-Oz Automated Driving in Real-Life Traffic

Automated shuttles can make public transport more attractive and sustainable. Still, their successful implementation requires a high level of acceptance among users. This study investigates the impact of the predictors performance expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, and perceived risk of The Unified Theory of Acceptance (UTAUT)-2 on the behavioral intention to use automated shuttles. In earlier work, UTAUT-2 has already been successfully applied to study the acceptance of autonomous public transport. Here, we employed the UTAUT-2 to assess acceptance of a Wizard-of-Oz automated shuttle in real-life traffic, in a study with 35 participants, before and after a first ride and after a second ride on which two incidents occurred. The results show that behavioral intention to use automated shuttles is high even before the first ride and remains high after experiencing automated driving. Performance expectancy was the only significant predictor of behavioral intention for all measurement time points. The explanatory power of the model almost doubles from pre-ride to post-ride. The results indicate a crucial role of performance expectancy for the acceptance of automated shuttles at the current stage of implementation and provide guidance for a successful development and implementation of autonomous public transport.

The development of urban public transport as an element of sustainable development of the territory

The development of urban public transport as an element of sustainable development of the territory

Architecture, tactics and mobility – Appropriating space at a transport hub in Shanghai

Although public transport development has been widely addressed in extant urban research, everyday practices in transport spaces and their broader implications for urbanizing China are relatively less studied. Building on de Certeau’s concept of “tactics” and the literature on urban mobility, this study employs spatial analysis and ethnography to investigate the case of the Shanghainan Railway Station (SHNS) in China that had become underused after its traffic was directed away to new stations in the same network. By 2017, this decline had turned an architectural icon designed for efficiency and speed into a place where many unlikely social groups gathered daily. We followed a charity team serving the homeless seeking shelter there to understand how this modern structure was appropriated to cater to those who survived in the trails of development. The case of the SHNS reveals the uneven consequences of urbanization brought about by increasing connectivity in Chinese society and highlights how tactics can be a form of social infrastructure exhibiting degrees of institutional stability and translocal solidarities. It also points to the theoretical significance of turning our attention from the frontier to the trail of development as a productive space where the state, civil society and marginalized emerge temporarily in pastoral forms.

How Can Sustainable Public Transport Be Improved? A Traffic Sign Recognition Approach Using Convolutional Neural Network

Sustainable public transport is an important factor to boost urban economic development, and it is also an important part of building a low-carbon environmental society. The application of driverless technology in public transport injects new impetus into its sustainable development. Road traffic sign recognition is the key technology of driverless public transport. It is particularly important to adopt innovative algorithms to optimize the accuracy of traffic sign recognition and build sustainable public transport. Therefore, this paper proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on k-means to optimize the accuracy of traffic sign recognition, and it proposes a sparse maximum CNN to identify difficult traffic signs through hierarchical classification. In the rough classification stage, k-means CNN is used to extract features, and improved support vector machine (SVM) is used for classification. Then, in the fine classification stage, sparse maximum CNN is used for classification. The research results show that the algorithm improves the accuracy of traffic sign recognition more comprehensively and effectively, and it can be effectively applied in unmanned driving technology, which will also bring new breakthroughs for the sustainable development of public transport.

CHANGES IN THE DYNAMICS OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT BY CAR AND PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN UZBEKISTAN

The article analyzes the changes in the dynamics of passenger transportation in Uzbekistan on the basis of statistical data. Also, the main problems in the development of public transport in large cities and some of their solutions are reflected.

PROBLEMS AND PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF JACKET SECTOR IN AWIL ECONOMY

The main goal of the agrarian reform, which is being carried out in the agricultural sector, is the development of communication, the formation of mechanisms for the effective use of the land, which will determine the real ownership of the land. In the republic, the development of public transport, the economy of the industry, and the production and mental health of workers are carried out without the supervision of the state. As a result of the promotion of farming activity, more than 160 thousand farms will be established in our country in the next few years, and today 10 thousand farms will provide effective service in Uzbekistan. As a result of the ongoing economic reforms, our country has experienced steady economic growth.

Carbon Emission and Structure Analysis of Transport Industry Based on Input-output Method: China as an Example

Due to its enormous carbon dioxide emissions, China's transport industry has become a key area for energy conservation and emission reduction. In this study, we employ the input-output method to examine the carbon dioxide emissions caused by the transport industry's energy consumption. In addition, the structure decomposition method is used to analyze the transport industry's carbon dioxide emissions in depth. The results of the research work deserve the attention of policy makers. First, the direct and indirect carbon dioxide emissions of road transport account for 53 % and 47 % of the transport industry. Second, the direct and indirect carbon dioxide emissions caused by consumption expenditure account for 55 % and 56 % of the final use structure respectively. Third, the carbon dioxide emissions produced by the five heavy industries when meeting the final use of the transport industry account for 75 % of all industries. Fourth, the adjustment of energy structure and energy intensity is expected to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions of the transport industry by 101,963 and 128,313kt in 2035 compared with the baseline scenario. The results indicate that, to control carbon dioxide emissions in the transport industry, special attention should be paid to road transport activity, consumption expenditure in the transport industry, the influence of other heavy industries, the adjustment of energy structure and energy intensity. Consequently, informatization of road transportation, development of public transportation, investment in high-tech industries, and aggressive development of clean energy become essential strategies.

Linkage mechanism of public transport subsidy: considering passenger ridership, cost, fare and service quality

ABSTRACT Under the long-term implementation of the low fare policy for public transport in China, the phenomenon of unsustainable subsidies is increasingly obvious. We take into account three related stakeholders including the public, operators and government, and comprehensively consider various factors affecting public transport subsidies, and establish a linkage mechanism of the subsidy based on passenger ridership, cost, fare and service quality. We propose a combination forecasting model (CFM) composed of quadratic exponential smoothing model (QESM) and Grey theory model (GM) to forecast passenger ridership. The results show that the CFM improves the forecast accuracy of passenger ridership, the factors considered in the linkage mechanism are more comprehensive, and the results are reasonable. By using this linkage mechanism, the government or operators can establish long-term or mid-term development plans to provide a systematic and theoretical reference, which is conducive to the healthy and stable development of public transport.

Analysis of the Passenger Transportation in the City of Khujand and the Prospects for its Development.

The article examines the state of transport services in the city of Khujand in the Republic of Tajikistan. Particular attention is paid to development of road public passenger routes.In the framework of the analysis of prospects for development of public transport, the authors suggest a method of analysis of future needs for passenger transportation based on processing array of data on volumes of past passenger flows and construction of trendlines using several mathematical models, comprising relational model. Prognostic model has been verified by comparing analytical and actual data available for the year of the study. Calculated trends of the growth in demand for passenger transportation have also been confirmed by expert assessment.The analysis resulted in forecasting growing demand on passenger transportation with public transport in the city of Khujand. The methods described are basic ones, and to better plan economic activity, more accurate forecasting tools are to be further used. However, convergence of the general trend towards accelerated increase in passenger transportation generated using different basic methods, allows building long-term strategy of development of the urban transport.

Transportation-geographical analysis of the public transportation system: a case study of the Sesvete District and the municipalities of Gornja Stubica and Marija Bistrica

Public transportation is a fundamental societal service that directly affects spatial development. In order to ensure a high level of functionality and sustainability of the public transport system, as well as even spatial development, a good planning framework for its development is a necessity. This paper analyses the distribution and functional characteristics of the public transportation system in the northeastern part of the Zagreb Urban Agglomeration: the Sesvete district and the neighbouring municipalities of Gornja Stubica and Marija Bistrica in Krapina-Zagorje County. The goal of this paper has two parts: to analyse the public bus and train transportation systems in the study area, using relevant traffic, demographic, and functional data; and to create a typology of public transport quality of the settlements of the research area. Based on the results of the analysis, potential measures to aid the development of public transport in the study area, as well as their potential impact for the entire area of Zagreb, have been detailed in the discussion section. The results of the analysis indicate that public transport is more available and of better quality in the southern part of the study area and in Sesvete and the smaller settlements surrounding it, but it is less frequent and less available throughout the majority of settlements in Gornja Stubica and Marija Bistrica.

MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MOBILITY IN THE ORGANIZATION OF CITY PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION

The article is devoted to the study of congestion on city roads in Ukraine, which has significantly increased. Special attention is paid to city bus transport. The development of ecological public transport is the most effective method of combating harmful emissions. Today, hybrid, hydrogen, and electric technologies in road transport are considered to be such. The object of the study is the level of congestion of city roads in Ukraine and their assessment. The purpose of the work is to model the reduction of traffic jams and the development of ecological transport in megapoles of Ukraine. Research methods – statistical methods, mathematical modeling. An analysis of the level of congestion on the roads of the largest cities of Ukraine was carried out. The analysis of the development trends of urban passenger transport was carried out. An analysis of the traffic level of Ukrainian cities was carried out. A comparative analysis of the main advantages and disadvantages of electric cars over cars running on gasoline and diesel fuel was carried out. An analysis of the ways of development and use of electric buses in large cities of the developed countries of the world was carried out. On the basis of the analyzed data on the level of traffic jams in the cities-megapolises of Ukraine, it is proposed to optimize the routes and the structure of the rolling stock during linear operation in different seasons of the year, days of the week and hours of the day using a modular type of electric buses: an electric tractor and salons - electric trailers of different lengths and capacities: small, medium and large.

The impact of public transport on regional development in the Trnava self-governing region

The accessibility of regional centers by public transport in a defined area is a very specific problem. Depending on the organization of public transport, there is a potentially related phenomenon – social transport exclusion. The aim of the study is to express the existence of a relationship between public transport and regional development in the rural self-governing region Trnava. At the same time, we identify municipalities – more precisely areas – with reduced transport accessibility in relation to their regional development and we determine the most advantageous means of public transport for the population who does not have the possibility to use a car. The procedure was to use an electronic database of train and bus timetables to obtain information about the studied characteristics for the return journey during the 24 hours of working days (Tuesday). We found that rail and combined transport have better quality in about half of the region’s municipalities. The Pearson correlation coefficient of product of moments indicated that the value of the correlation between the number of points for public transport and points for regional development is only 0.36, and therefore there is no strong connection between them. However, the individual extreme and average values of these indicators and especially their sub-components have shown us that there is a certain dependence between these values. The results show that despite a lower impact on public transport on regional development, it has a more decisive influence, leading to the strengthening of public transport.

Urban public transport development in Poland in 2004-2020 Co-financed by EU: geography and disparities

Urban public transport development in Poland in 2004-2020 Co-financed by EU: geography and disparities

Reform of the Route Network as a Catalyst for Social Processes

The article examines the impact of the reform of the route network “Magistral” in Moscow on the citizens-passengers. A qualitative analysis of the comments of citizens in social networks was carried out, and problems that residents faced during the reform were found: the cancellation of the usual routes, changes in the transfer system, the renaming of routes, the transfer of stops. Differences in the vision of the development of surface urban public transport between urban planners and public transport users are found. It is concluded that passengers were not familiar with the new transport paradigm, it seems to them illogical and not suitable for the pattern of habitual movements, as well as leading to the loss of the existing urban identity. The qualitative analysis revealed the desire of residents to preserve the history and memory of the place through numbering and route tracing.

Methodology for determining passengers correspondence by public transport from electronic tickets validation operations

Introduction. Current methods for determining passenger ridership, due to their complexity and limited efficiency, do not allow monitoring transport demand at the proper level (in terms of comprehensiveness and continuity). Nowadays, technologies based on the collection, integration and analysis of big data (Urban computing, Big data, Internet of things) are used to create effective solutions in many aspects of our lives (including for urban transit).Materials and methods. Within the framework of this approach, a methodology for determining the correspondence of transit passengers from the operations of validating any kind of electronic travel tickets: smart cards, transport cards, magnetic cards has been developed. Each operations details are recorded in the Automated Fare Collection (AFC) system during the validation.This methodology based on the definition and evaluation the set of acceptable options of passenger trips sequences, which form the passenger correspondence, taking into account many factors that effect on the route choice by a passenger. For example, in contrast to previous studies, the practice of paying for trip at any point on the route, not necessarily immediately after boarding the vehicle, was taken into account.Results. It was proved that passenger correspondence calculated using the developed methodology statistically corresponds to the general set of transit passenger ridership within acceptable errors. The chaacteristics of transit demand is provided in the results.Discussion and conclusion. The application of the developed methodology makes it possible to organize continuous monitoring of passenger flows, technical and operational indicators of the functioning of transit system and thus implement the concept of sustainable development of public transport by designing public transit supply that meets demand.

Greenhouse gas emission benefits of adopting new energy vehicles in Suzhou City, China: A case study.

The promotion of new energy in light-duty vehicles (LDVs) is considered as an effective approach for achieving low-carbon road transport targets. In this study, life cycle assessment was performed for five typical vehicle models in Suzhou City (fourth largest LDV stock in China): internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV), hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), plug-in electric vehicle (PHEV), battery electric vehicle (BEV) and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (HFCV). Their energy consumption, and greenhouse gas (GHG) and air pollutant emissions during vehicle and fuel cycles in 2020 were examined using the Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET) model. GHG emission reduction potential of LDV fleet was projected under various scenarios for 2021-2040. The results showed that BEVs exhibited advantages for replacing ICEVs over HEVs, PHEVs and HFCVs, taking into account China's road electrification policy. The GHG emission intensity of BEVs in 2040 was estimated to be 19-34% of ICEVs in 2020, with a deep decarbonized electricity mix and improved vehicle efficiency. For the aggressive Sustainable Development Scenario, the GHG emissions of LDVs would peak before 2026, ahead of China's target by 2030, and the ~ 100% share of EVs in 2040 would result in a lower GHG emissions, equivalent to the 2010 level. It highlights the importance of early action, green electricity mix, and public transport development in reducing GHG emissions of large LDV fleet.

The Impact of Public Transportation on Carbon Emissions—From the Perspective of Energy Consumption

Background: Transportation has become the second-largest source of global carbon emissions. Promoting low-carbon development by means of public transport and green travel and analyzing the mechanism and path of the carbon emissions reduction effect of public transport have become key to reducing carbon emissions in the transportation field and achieving “carbon peak and carbon neutrality”. Methods: The data from 30 provinces (2010–2019) were extracted from China Emission Accounts and Datasets (CEADs), China Energy Statistical Yearbook, China Statistical Yearbook, and China Automobile Statistical Yearbook. The two-way fixed-effect model was used to explore the carbon emissions reduction effect of public transport development level. The mediating-effect model was used to verify the transmission role of energy consumption in the carbon emissions reduction effect of public transport development level. Results: The study suggests that the public transport development level and CO2 emissions are negatively correlated, showing an “Inverted U-shaped” curve relationship. Energy consumption is the transmission path of the carbon emissions reduction effect of public transport development level. The public transport development level adjusts the energy consumption structure through the traffic substitution effect, energy input optimization effect, and industrial structure optimization effect and then acts on carbon emissions. Moreover, the contribution rate of energy consumption is about 4.22%. In addition, regional heterogeneity is present in the transmission path of the carbon emissions reduction effect of public transport development level based on energy consumption. The carbon emissions reduction effect of public transport development level is more significant in the central and western regions than the eastern and northeast regions of China. Conclusion: The transmission mechanism of energy consumption in the carbon emissions reduction effect of public transport is worthy of attention. To promote low-carbon and circular development in the transportation sector, it is urgent to accelerate the green upgrading of transportation infrastructure, promote the low-carbon transformation of energy production and consumption, promote carbon emissions reduction in public transport, and strengthen the linkage regulation between effective government and an effective market.

Effect of urban traffic-restriction policy on improving air quality based on system dynamics and a non-homogeneous discrete grey model.

With the acceleration of urbanization, traffic congestion and vehicle exhaust pollution are becoming increasingly serious problems. Focusing on the problem of urban pollution from vehicle exhaust, this study used system dynamics to establish an urban congestion mitigation and emission-reduction management model. Specifically, a nonlinear function that integrates system dynamics and a non-homogeneous discrete grey model (SD-NDGM) was used to construct an algorithm, which improved the accuracy of the model. Thereafter, the mid- and long-term effects of the restriction policy were explored. The main findings from dynamic model simulations were as follows: All types of restrictions alleviated traffic congestion to varying degrees, but “odd and even” restrictions had more obvious effects, with an average annual reduction rate of 43.53% in the number of motor vehicle trips. The driving-restriction policy had a time effect, significantly reducing the number of vehicle trips in the short term. However, it could have negative effects in the long term (e.g., agglomeration effect, emission-reduction paradox), and it does not fundamentally solve traffic and environmental problems. Thus, it could only be used as a phased policy, not a long-term measure. The purchase-restriction policy controlled excessive increases in the number of private cars, but it had little effect in terms of solving environmental problems. Compared with a single policy, the combination of public-transport development and driving-restriction policy not only reduced traffic congestion, air pollution, and air quality health indexes by 29.13%, 52.63%, and 54.63%, respectively, but also improved environmental carrying capacity by 294.26%. A combined approach can therefore be said to have certain benefits for society, health, and the environment.Graphical abstract Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10098-022-02319-9.

“On the way to the “green agenda”?”: discourse of regional authorities on the improvement of Yaroslavl in the historical context of interaction with the centre (the 1960s–1980s)

The article examines the factors and trends in the development of urban improvement in the historical context of the post-war Soviet era (1960-1980). The focus is on Yaroslavl as one of the key cities in the system of the Upper Volga regions. The article raises the question of the formation of environmental trends in the discourse of the regional authorities on the improvement of Yaroslavl. The policy of urban improvement is analysed on the basis of archival documents, memoirs, journalism, oral history data. The archival database of the study is represented by unpublished documents of the Centre for Documentation of Contemporary History of Yaroslavl Region. The theoretical basis of the study is connected with the paradigm of urban studies, social and environmental history. The main attention is focused on the analysis of the development of public transport and gardening of Yaroslavl in the 1960s-1980s. The conflict of interests of two levels of government (municipal and regional) on the problem of the development of tram lines in Yaroslavl is analysed. The article concludes that, on the one hand, the central government was the determining factor in the development of the urban improvement strategy. On the other hand, in tactical terms, the policy of urban improvement depended on the personality of the regional leader.

Investigations of the complex wear mechanisms of tram wheel tyres

Nowadays, the dynamic development of public transport is seen as one of the main ways to reduce exhaust emissions and, consequently, the greenhouse effect. One of the fastest-growing branches in this area is the building and evolution of tram lines. One of the conditions for the success of this transport method is the durability and reliability of the rail vehicles used. From a tribological point of view, friction behaviour and potential wear processes in the tram's rail-wheel contact is of special importance. Therefore, taking into account the specific structure of the tram wheel, the main goal of this study was to identify and characterise the wear mechanisms on the two areas most exposed: the running surface and the top surface of tyre flange. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the surface topography of the worn surfaces of the tyres, with regard to the wear processes, was carried out. This part of the study included the measurements and analysis of the height parameters of the roughness and Abbott-Firestone curves (with their characteristics), both in accordance with the ISO 25178 standard. On this basis, it was found which parameters best characterise the evolution of the surface topography from the initial state to the worn one. As a consequence, those that have the potential to control the state of the tram wheels' tyres (mainly the level of wear) during operation are proposed.