Development Of Public Transport Research Articles

Factors and Mechanism Affecting the Attractiveness of Public Transport: Macroscopic and Microscopic Perspectives

Enhancing the attractiveness of public transport is a key objective for transit agencies that seek to achieve sustainable urban mobility. This study identifies the key factors that affect the attractiveness of public transport from the macroscopic and microscopic perspectives and establishes a comprehensive influence mechanism. Weighted least square-Structural equation model (WLS-SEM) is used to quantify the microscopic factors. Conclusions are summarized as follows: ① the macroscopic factors include urban spatial layout, land use pattern, geographical environment, level of economic development, demographic characteristics, public policy, and service characteristics of public transport; ② the microscopic factors include traveler’s individual characteristics, travel demand characteristics, travel characteristics and service level of public transport; ③ service level of public transport most positively impacts the attractiveness, while the travel characteristics of public transport impact it most negatively.

Investigation of the concentration of particles generated by public transport gas (CNG) buses

The sustainable development of public transport is inseparable from its key elements, transport. In recent years, reflections on green public transport have been steadily intensifying and setting new guidelines for its development focused on the environment. Gas-powered, more environmentally friendly diesel buses are used for this purpose. Part of such a transport fleet in Vilnius consists of such buses. Pollution from mobile sources is predominant in cities, so particulate matter from different gas buses (powered by CNG) was identified in this study. In this study, particle concentration measurements were performed, in which the dependence of the particle concentration on the mileage of the buses was determined.

Energy aspect of improving the public city passenger transport system in Sarajevo

In the last 5 years, several projects have been initiated in Sarajevo Canton that are focused on strengthening the identity of the city, promoting and implementing the concept of urban mobility, green and smart city. The issue of energy efficiency is included in all projects and from that aspect, among other things, the improvement of the public city passenger transport service is observed. This paper analyzes the state of public urban transport from the energy aspect, the savings that are achieved, the methodology for calculating savings and the effects that would be achieved through the implementation of planned projects for the development and reorganization of public urban passenger transport.

Activating building land as joint task in the Stuttgart region action programmes for residential and commercial land as elements of sustainable regional development

ABSTRACT Prospering Stuttgart Region is facing a continuous population growth. Additional housing land is needed as densification and urban infill alone will not be sufficient. There is, however, an increasing skepticism about any type of new development. As local referendums on land use plans are possible in the state of Baden-Württemberg, plan proposals may be rejected. The assembly of the regional planning authority has decided on measures to encourage local authorities to make building land available. The package includes the use of instruments that go beyond statutory planning and comprises investment in local public transport and business development.

Haze management: is urban public transportation priority effective?

Public transportation is often considered as a green travel mode to alleviate the negative externalities such as traffic congestion and haze pollution generated from transport. However, is prioritizing urban public transportation actually conducive to haze emission reduction? In this study, considering special emphasis on the cumulative effect of haze, a dynamic panel model is constructed to analyze and quantify the impact of public transportation on haze pollution by using the data of 284 cities in China, and the heterogeneity of the impact in cities with different pollution levels is examined. Several interesting findings are derived from the empirical results. First, the development of urban public transportation can significantly alleviate urban haze pollution. Second, the haze reduction effect of public transportation in cities with different pollution levels is non-universal. Comparatively speaking, the haze reduction effect of public transportation in lightly polluted cities is more evident than that in heavily polluted cities. Therefore, in order to reduce haze pollution in a more effective manner, China should continue to promote urban public transportation priority strategy. Moreover, the government should also formulate differentiated traffic development strategies to effectively alleviate the urban traffic burdens.

The level of air quality at public transport stations: The Case of Torhailoch-Ayat main road in Addis Ababa

IntroductionThe increase of population and rapid spatial expansion of urban areas generate high travel demand and increase of motorization, which is directly related to air quality of urban environment. The continuous increase in traffic congestion and fuel consumption deteriorates air quality. Public transportation stations are places where people spend a considerable amount of time in the open and get exposed to transport-related emissions. The aim of this study is to investigate the level of air quality at public transport stations in Addis Ababa city along the major route from Torhailoch to Ayat focusing on the concentration of PM2.5, PM10, Air Quality Index (AQI) and CO2. Methods and materialsObservation, vehicle count and field measurements of air quality were used to collect the data. Primary data were collected via field surveying using IQAir AirVisual® pro model air quality measuring device from five public transport stations at peak and off-peak hours. ResultsThis study found that increase in peak hour traffic volume at stations contributes high concentration of PM2.5, PM10, AQI and CO2. High levels of air pollutants were found during peak hours compared to off peak hours. The maximum 30 min’ average concentrations of PM2.5 were found to be 89 μg/m3 during peak hours and 61 μg/m3 during off peak hours, which is far exceeding the WHO air quality standard (35.4 μg/m3). Regression model shows dependent variable (PM2.5) and independent variables is statistically significant. ConclusionThe temporal and spatial distributions of the air pollutants in this study demonstrated that rush hours were the most polluted, having high concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 while an off-peak hour have low concentration of air pollutants. RecommendationIt is recommended that the city government should encourage zero emission vehicles, provision of efficient public transport and green development in order to reduce the current condition of transport-related air pollutants.

Challenges and prospects for unmanned urban transport

The article deals with current problems and prospects of development of urban unmanned transport. The rapid development of autonomous transport, artificial intelligence, and other information technologies makes it possible to introduce unmanned vehicles in urban public transport systems, primarily buses. The technological factors and obstacles for the development of unmanned public transport systems are summarised. Despite the fact that the capacity of such buses in current use is still small, a maximum of about 15 people, the routes are relatively short, and the use is mainly in test mode, the use of these vehicles, especially in large urban agglomerations, seems undoubtedly promising. The article presents an analysis of the main features and incentives for the development of unmanned public transport, gives a brief overview of pilot systems of autonomous public transport in European cities, considers obstacles to the development of these systems and the experience of development of unmanned public transport in Russia, and formulates assumptions about the future development of this transport segment. The first steps towards full autonomy and widespread use of unmanned urban public transport, however, this path will not be taken quickly.

Дослідження безпеки дорожнього руху на автошляхах

The indicators of road safety on the roads of Ukraine, on the example of Ternopil region are analyzed. It is established that currently in the world road accidents are one of the main causes of death and disability, and create annual GDP losses of 1 to 3%. It is investigated that for January - July 2021 on the street and road network of Ternopil region 1509 road accidents were registered, which is 19% more than for the same period last year (2020 - 1271 accidents). Organizational measures to improve traffic safety on the road network are proposed. Measures to improve traffic safety on the city's road network are divided into three main areas. The first direction was to organize traffic directly on the road network, the second - in the development of public transport and giving priority to travel. From the point of view of traffic safety, the construction of plans for coordination of traffic light facilities taking into account the movement of public transport can be an acceptable method. The third direction is the direct informational impact on drivers of vehicles.

Analysis of the current state and prospects for public electric transport development in Russia (on the example of electric buses)

The article considers current problems and prospects of public electric transport development in the aspect of electric buses. Modern realities dictate new trends in transport infrastructure, namely the replacement of the usual buses with internal combustion engines that use combustible fuel with a more profitable mode of transport powered by an environmentally friendly and renewable resource, electricity. Such vehicles are electric buses, which are rapidly becoming a part of passengers’ lives. This fuel-free transport enables large numbers of people to travel quietly in megacities, while minimising pollution. The rapid introduction of electric buses around the world is making it possible to replace aging buses with internal combustion engines and clean up the environment with electric motors, but this cannot be done quickly due to the high cost and poor infrastructure in many cities around the world. Factors limiting the development of electric buses are identified, and possible solutions are described. Government investments and projects provide an economic solution to the problem. An analysis of the public electric transport market is carried out and prospects for the development of electric buses in Russia are formulated. Widespread introduction of electric buses in megacities will significantly reduce environmental costs for the population.

Методика определения оптимальных параметров остановочного пункта общественного транспорта

The article describes a study to determine the optimal parameters of a public transport stop. One of the directions of state policy in the field of transport services for the population in cities is the development and priority of public transport. Reducing the time delays of public transport can increase its attractiveness and increase the number of users. On a section of the road network with a stopping point for public transport, the length of the stopping area and the distance from the stopping point to the stop line of the regulated intersection have a significant impact on the delay time of individual and public transport. The aim of the study is to reduce the loss of time for road users by optimizing the parameters of a public transport stopping point based on the established dependencies of vehicle delay time on the length of the stopping area and the distance from the stop point to the stop line of the regulated intersection. The work uses the methods of simulation and mathematical modeling, the theory of traffic flows, methods of field observation and statistical analysis. In the theoretical part of the study, the processes of movement of traffic flows of individual and public transport are described, the hypothesis of the study on the type of mathematical models of the delay time of individual and public transport from the parameters of the stopping point (the length of the stopping area and the distance to the stop line of the regulated intersection) and the objective function are defined. To conduct experimental studies, simulation modeling of the movement of traffic flows is used. Mathematical models have been developed for the influence of the length of the stopping area and the distance of the stopping point from the stop line of the regulated intersection on the average delay time of individual and public transport at different traffic intensity of individual and public transport, which are described by a power function. On the basis of the results obtained, a method for determining the optimal parameters of the stopping point has been developed. Using the methodology on one section of the road network with a public transport stop, it is possible to reduce time delays by 10%. The scientific novelty of the study lies in establishing the dependence of the delay time of individual and public transport on the parameters of the stopping point (the length of the stopping area and the distance of the stopping point from the stop line of the regulated intersection). Further research will be aimed at studying the influence of the stopping point parameters on the choice of the optimal priority method for buses when passing regulated intersections due to the adaptive control of traffic light objects.

Анализ эффективности способов приоритета автобусам при проезде перекрестков с применением адаптивного управления светофорами

In recent years in the cities of the Russian Federation, within the framework of the national project “Safe and high-quality roads” the concept of “priority development of public transport” has been actively implemented and Intelligent transport systems have been created. The article discusses ways to prioritize public transport when passing through intersections using adaptive traffic light control as a possible alternative to a lane for route vehicles. The aim of the study is to reduce the loss of time for road users by determining the best ways to prioritize buses when passing regulated intersections, taking into account the number of passengers in public transport and the loss of time for all traffic participants. During the study, field observation methods, mathematical and simulation modeling were used. The account of the moments of the approach of buses to the regulated intersection and the analysis of the loss of time for buses when passing through the section on the central street of Tyumen was carried out. The scientific novelty lies in establishing the dependencies of the average speed of the bus on the approach to the intersection from the moment until the end of the traffic signal, the delay time of the buses on the number and moment of stopping the buses when passing the intersection. With the help of simulation micromodeling, the dependence of the delay time of buses and cars on traffic intensity was established for five options for priority to public transport. Two variants of priority for buses when passing through intersections are based on the methods of adaptive control of traffic lights and the algorithms “stage recall” and “green extension”. The use of a dedicated lane and the “stage recall” method at high traffic intensity reduces the delay time for buses by 94%, for personal vehicles – increases by 85%. At low traffic intensity, the delay time changes by 11 and 6%, respectively, for buses and cars. The use of the “green extension” method allows to reduce the total delay time by 3.2% with a high traffic volume (1900 veh/h) and a small number of buses (40 veh/h) and has a greater effect than the lane for fixed-route vehicles (deterioration by 148%). To determine the most efficient priority method, it is proposed to take into account the number of passengers in public transport. The dependence of the total delay time of all traffic participants on the traffic intensity of cars and buses with different priority methods has been established. This approach allows us to further determine the area of rational application of priority methods for public transport with the target function of reducing the loss of time for all traffic participants.

China’s public transport in its present and future

The People’s Republic of China is the third largest country in the world in terms of territory, behind Russia and Canada, and the first in terms of population. China is a dynamically developing country, and its economy is growing at an annual rate. Public transport is crucial to the development of China’s economy, and especially railways. It is noted that the railways in China are one of the main components of the country’s economy. Statistical data on the public transport system in China are analyzed in this article. It considers types of public transport and reveals their crucial role in the economic and social life of the country. It analyses the dynamics of population growth in the country and development needs of passenger transport. The ways and means of modernizing existing transport structures and the rate of construction of new ones are considered. A comparative study of the length and density of roads and railways of two countries is made, the Russian Federation and China. The prospects for the development of public transport in the PRC are considered, and the main aspects of the government’s plans up to 2035, including the introduction of the latest technical and logistical developments in the field of public transport, are studied.

Application of VR Intelligent Technology in Fire Evacuation Simulation of Urban Rail Transit Station

With the expansion of the city and the rapid development of public transport, the subway as a mass public transport means to bear a very large number of passengers, so that in the morning and evening rush hour, some subway stations are almost saturated. Once a disaster happens in a subway station, the saturated space environment makes it difficult for passengers to evacuate. In addition, the subway station is usually located underground, buried depth of about 10m-30m, the accident station passengers have to overcome their own gravity to the ground to escape, which increases the difficulty of passenger evacuation.Fire is one of the biggest security hidden dangers in subway operation. Once it happens, it will bring huge loss to the safety of social resources and people's life and property. On the basis of summarizing the present situation of fire evacuation in urban rail transit stations at home and abroad, this paper firstly analyzes and studies the factors that affect the fire evacuation ability of stations. Then through the station fire evaluation index to build the safety evacuation evaluation index system. Finally, through the VR technology, computer simulation, field investigation and other methods to quantify the index, the Fuzzy Network analysis of the station fire safety evacuation capacity comprehensive evaluation and put forward targeted countermeasures and suggestions.

Opportunities for development of elevated electric transport in a large city

Modern large cities include both historically developed central parts and rapidly developing peripheral neighborhoods. Today, transport flows are formed not only by traditional bus, trolleybus, and tram routes, but also by significant fleets of taxis and private vehicles. An increase in traffic load and a shortage of parking spaces significantly reduces the capacity of roads and negatively affects the environmental situation. Ensuring transport accessibility based on the development of underground urban transport, the metro, is accompanied by great labor intensity, time and financial costs. Residents of large cities try to use bicycles, electric scooters, monowheels for intra-city movements. However, in winter in Russia this type of ecological personal transport becomes less accessible. A promising option for the development of public transport for large cities with a significant length of the street network in the absence of the technical possibility of expanding the roadway, can be an elevated electric transport (monorail). Using the example of the city of Samara, where the level of automobilization in 2019 reached 344 cars per 1000 people, the possibilities of developing the transport system of a large city with the inclusion of a monorail transport section in such a system are considered. This innovative solution will improve transport accessibility and reduce the negative impact on the urban environment. The average payback period of the project will be 4.4 years.

Perspektif Urban Public Transportation dalam Kajian Meta-Analysis

Urban public transportation is transportation system developed for the public interest that prioritizes the optimal integration of various resources and infrastructure in order to achieve sustainable city that is guided by green technology. The development of urban public transportation through scientific evolution that prioritizes the diversity of knowledge and technology as effort to create environmentally friendly city that is oriented towards sustainable development. Qualitative methods are applied in the analysis of themes studied by developing a meta-analysis. Primary data was obtained from the collection of scientific journals published from 1966 to 2020 as part the analysis of scientific literature. The results of study stated that there was significant increase in the number of papers and number of citations in last twenty years which indicated an improvement in knowledge development. There are several topics that have novelty that were found after an analysis on the theme of urban public transportation includes service quality, public space, transportation engineering, regulation, and bus rapid transit. For this reason, new topics found need to be followed up in further research in line with current technological developments.

Some issues of the integrated development of public transport in the Barnaul agglomeration

The development of motor transport is the most important factor, determining the quality of life of urban population. Hence, the topic of the work is relevant. The pronounced social nature of public passenger transport should translate into the guaranteed high quality conveyance of the least affluent categories of passengers.
 The article studies the state and quality of passenger transport in the city of Barnaul, analyzes the operation of passenger transport organizations, and transportation payments made by the population. The article identifies the main problems of passenger transportation, including consequences of the poor-quality operation of transportation organizations in Barnaul and offers solutions towards the optimal development of the transport system.
 The co-authors propose to use methods, based on the driver’s observations, automatic recorders, polling methods, cross-sectional surveys or coupons, to improve the operation of transport routes.

Creating a common priority vector in intuitionistic fuzzy AHP: a comparison of entropy-based and distance-based models

In the case of conflicting individuals or evaluator groups, finding the common preferences of the participants is a challenging task. This statement also refers to Intuitionistic Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process models, in which uncertainty of the scoring of individuals is well-handled, however, the aggregation of the modified scores is generally conducted by the conventional way of multi-criteria decision-making. This paper offers two options for this aggregation: the relatively well-known entropy-based, and the lately emerged distance-based aggregations. The manuscript can be considered as a pioneer work by analyzing the nature of distance-based aggregation under a fuzzy environment. In the proposed model, three clearly separable conflicting groups are examined, and the objective is to find their common priority vector, which can be satisfactory to all participant clusters. We have tested the model results on a real-world case study, on a public transport development decision-making problem by conducting a large-scale survey involving three different stakeholder groups of transportation. The comparison of the different approaches has shown that both entropy-based and distance-based techniques can provide a feasible solution based on their high similarity in the final ordinal and cardinal outcomes.

Analysis of Passenger Flows Served by Bus Routes in the city of Khujand

The study considered the role of passenger road transport as one of the most important sectors of the national economy, which influences the entire economy of a country and its regions, as well as the quality of life of the population.The analysis of the transport system in the city of Khujand, which is mainly dominated by road transport, has been carried out based on the results of the conducted survey on passenger flows on bus routes of the city, particularly, regarding origin-destination matrix, fare collectability.The conclusions argue in favour of practicability of conducting regular systematic monitoring of passenger flows to optimize suggestions in the field of urban public transport development. In fundamental terms, main problems of passenger transportation management were identified including lack of a regular timetable on certain routes, non-compliance with the traffic schedule, resulting in an increase in travel time, changes in routing due to the absence of sufficient number of passengers, systematic violations of traffic rules, excessively long stops at the hub stopping points, etc. The suggestions comprise approaches intended to reduce influence of organisational and managerial factors on efficiency of passenger transportation, on the correct choice of rolling stock, that should be selected considering design features, possibility of serving all segments of the population (categories of passengers), traffic intensity, manoeuvrability, compliance with road conditions, etc. Conclusions were also made regarding techniques to justify the volume of passenger transportation, to identify average distance of passenger’s trip, to calculate technical, operational, and quality indicators of operation of public transport, distribution of passengers per routes.The analysis of the structure of passenger flows since it influences the indicators of the effectiveness of passenger transportation, plays the most significant role in the framework of development of new approaches to the solution of transport issues in the city of Khujand.Implementation of full-scale monitoring of passenger flows will make it possible to develop appropriate timetables facilitating movement of passenger flows on routes, to select a rational type of rolling stock in terms of capacity, will contribute to time-saving passenger travelling, socialisation of transport tariffs, and improved quality of transportation.

Analisa Performa K-Means dan DBSCAN dalam Clustering Minat Penggunaan Transportasi Umum

Public transportation is one of the important modes of transportation and is the backbone of transportation in Indonesia. The development of public transportation is also supported by the government, this government support is evident in the national policy, namely the National Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN). Although public transportation is an effective mode of transportation, it also has obstacles in its development, namely how to meet customer desires in choosing a mode of transportation. There are several variables that are the focus of this research, namely age, gender, income, cost, speed, comfort, safety, efficiency and flexibility. The search for influential variables will use the K-Means and DBSCAN clustering algorithms, these two algorithms are also compared to their performance to find a better algorithm. The results of the Silhouette Coefficient show that DBSCAN has a better performance with a value of 0.99 than K-Means with a value of 0.86. The variables that affect the interest in using public transportation are the most important ones related to cost, speed, comfort, safety, efficiency and flexibility.

Sustainable Low-Carbon Development of Urban Public Transport: International and Russia’s Experience

The rapid growth of cities all over the world has inevitably led to the aggravation of economic, social and environmental problems. In this regard, developing «green», low-carbon, circular and other new economic models is necessary. Transport sector is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants. The purpose of this work is to assess the impact of urban public transport, especially electric buses, on the air quality. The authors have analyzed international and Russia’s experience of the low-carbon development of urban public transport and evaluated the environmental effects of transitioning to electric buses in Moscow using a regression model and data visualization tools. The results have shown that integrating electric buses into an urban transport system can be considered as a step towards the low-carbon development of the transport sector. The authors have identified a decrease in carbon monoxide (CO) pollution in the districts of Moscow where there are electric bus routes. Although the authors managed to demonstrate positive aspects of using e-buses instead of traditional ones, the proposed hypotheses were not fully confirmed due to limited data and a small number of electric bus routes at an early stage of the project. The results of the work can be used both in theoretical studies of sustainable development and practical implementation of programs for the low-carbon development of an urban transport network