Public Service Facilities Research Articles

Evaluating the Accessibility of Urban Public Open Spaces Based on an Improved 2SFCA Model: A Case Study Within Chengdu’s Second Ring Road

The rational allocation of urban public open spaces (UPOS) is critical for creating a livable urban environment. Traditional Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA) models often lack sufficient quantitative analysis regarding the supply of urban public service facilities and population demand. This study, taking the area within Chengdu’s Second Ring Road as an example, proposes a 2SFCA model that integrates both supply and demand improvements to evaluate UPOS accessibility. The accessibility results are further analyzed using hotspot analysis, and blind zone detection. In terms of supply improvements, the model incorporates additional indicators beyond the spatial area of UPOS, including service quality and the diversity of surrounding environmental service functions, to better evaluate the overall attractiveness of UPOS to residents. On the demand side, besides population size, the model incorporates the spatial distribution of residents and differences in social characteristics affecting UPOS demand. Results indicate that the improved 2SFCA model, which considers both the attractiveness of UPOS and residents’ demand, significantly enhances the accuracy of accessibility assessments. There are substantial differences in service quality among UPOS, while the diversity of surrounding environmental service functions remains generally high. UPOS demand follows a “high in the northeast—low in the southwest” spatial pattern. The spatial distribution of UPOS accessibility shows a “high in the west—low in the east” pattern, opposite to the demand distribution, indicating a supply–demand mismatch. UPOS accessibility identifies one hotspot cluster and four cold spot clusters, with large areas showing no significant characteristics. Additionally, 10.58% of the study area remains blind zones, requiring urgent attention. This study offers a more scientific method and framework for research on the spatial layout and supply–demand matching of UPOS.

Optimizing Sustainable Community Spatial Layouts and Public Service Facility Accessibility: A GIS and Machine Learning Approach

This paper discusses the integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and machine learning (ML) to enhance community performance based on sustainable urban planning by optimising community layouts and providing better access to public services. GIS is a technology that provides spatial data on the land use and the risks, which can support urban planners to understand the existing urban settlement. On the other hand, ML can predict the future needs of the public services such as transport, education and health care, which can help the planners to allocate the resources. The combined application of GIS and ML can assist urban planners to create resilient, climate-adaptive and socially equitable communities, and can also address the rapid urbanisation issues that can efficiently meet the future community demands. It is a framework that can enhance the accessibility to the public service and develops a socially equitable, environmentally sustainable and optimised community wellbeing, which can provide an all-sided strategy for the city facing the climatic change and demographic change.

PENGARUH PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH TERHADAP BELANJA MODAL PADA KOTA/KABUPATEN DI PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

Regional autonomy aims to improve equitable development, people's welfare, and public services. The government as a public service provider has the task of managing funds obtained from the community to improve public service facilities through capital expenditure allocation. This study aims to determine the influence of Local Own-source Revenue on Capital Expenditure on Cities and Regencies in West Java Province for the 2021-2022 period. The method of this research is descriptive and verification with a quantitative approach. The data source used in this study is secondary data obtained from the official website of the Central Statistics Agency of West Java Province. The population in this study is 9 cities and 18 regencies in West Java Province. The data analysis techniques used in this study are simple linear regression analysis. The study results show that Local Own-source Revenue has an effect on Capital Expenditure.

Theoretical framework of life circles in Chinese small towns and the optimization of spatial layout for public service facilities based on residents’ distance sensitivity

Due to China’s rapid urbanization, its residential areas and the residents in small towns exhibit dual and complex urbanization patterns and characteristics. The relevant national standards currently do not provide detailed guidance regarding the planning and construction of public service facilities and have failed to address the complexities of human–land urbanization patterns. Their “one-size-fits-all” approach toward facility programming has resulted in misalignment of facility supply and demand and in poor accessibility of public service facilities. As a result, many existing facilities are not used; frequently, facilities not included in the public service system are used, resulting in inefficient usage. Previously, the authors have investigated the functional programming of facilities, proposing a “required + optional item” public service facility guidance-control system based on the actual needs of residents, which addresses the issue of what types of facilities should be provided to residents. Building upon prior research, this study focuses on the spatial layout of facilities and explores the logic of suitable life circle planning in small towns in China. Specifically, this study extracts indicators such as tolerance distance, usage frequency, and functional demand to assess residents’ “distance sensitivity” in accessing facilities. It uncovers the differentiated characteristics of distance sensitivity among residents at different stages of urbanization regarding rural and non-rural facilities. The study proposes the determining principles for a life circle–layered partitioning mode in small towns and develops a model framework for suitable life circle. It defines the life circle partitioning and layers for residents at different stages of urbanization. Based on this framework, this study establishes a fundamental principle for preventing dissatisfaction among residents with low service expectations, proposing a “basic assurance + optimization enhancement” plan for life circle layers in rural- and urban-biased residential areas. This study addresses the uneven urbanization levels within small towns, revealing the spatial hierarchical relationships between facilities in urban- and rural-biased residential areas. Guided by the principle of “control + guidance,” it aims to offer local policymakers more flexibility, clarifying and correcting past “one-size-fits-all” approaches to facility planning. The goal is to elevate the standard of public services in small towns by providing methods of optimization and theoretical foundations for renewal practices and the refinement of construction-related regulations.

Gedung Pelayanan Publik dan Ruang Kreatif di Sukabumi dengan Pendekatan Arsitektur Neo Vernakular

The design of the Public Service Mall Building in Sukabumi aims to integrate public service facilities with creative spaces to meet the needs of the community. The two containers have different characters but have similarities as spaces for community visits. Through the Neo Vernacular architectural approach, the building and environmental design is expected to accommodate local architectural values ​​adapted to contemporary technology. The research was carried out by taking a contextual approach to the environment and studying local architecture. From the discussion, the principle of hierarchical division of spatial planning, building roofs and integration of administrative space with creative space can be stated in accordance with Sundanese architectural cosmology.

Understanding the Difference Between Spatial Accessibility and Perceived Accessibility of Public Service Facilities in Coastal Towns and Villages

Understanding the Difference Between Spatial Accessibility and Perceived Accessibility of Public Service Facilities in Coastal Towns and Villages

Study on Urban Social Spatial Differentiation Based on Population Mobility

Since China's reform and opening up, population mobility has shown new characteristics and trends, and has had a significant impact on social spatial differentiation. Taking Shanghai as an example, this paper systematically analyzes the relationship between population mobility and urban social spatial differentiation, and holds that population mobility has a significant impact on urban social spatial differentiation, and different types of population mobility have different effects on urban social spatial differentiation. On this basis, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions to improve and guide the urban social spatial differentiation from the aspects of public service facilities construction, industrial layout, residential environment optimization, urban planning and management.

Spatially Explicit Assessments of Heat-Related Health Risks: A Literature Review

Extreme heat events, or heatwaves, exert significant impacts on human society, ecosystems, and the economy. The continuous development of remote sensing technology has facilitated the acquisition of high-quality data for assessing health risks associated with these extreme heat events. This study systematically reviews the evaluation factors and assessment framework for a spatially explicit assessment of heat-related health risks. The contribution of geospatial big data, with a particular focus on satellite observations, to these assessments was investigated. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Landsat surface temperature (LST) are identified as the two most widely utilized data sources for mapping heat hazards. The incorporation of multi-sensor observations, along with the implementation of spatiotemporal fusion and downscaling techniques, enhances both the spatial resolution and temporal frequency of heat hazard characterization. It is essential to consider issues of justice and equality in heat-resilient planning and mitigation practices. Integrating heatwave risk assessment results with analyses of urban morphology, land use functions and infrastructure can provide critical information for government agencies to strategically plan urban layout, functions, and public service facilities while optimizing and enhancing urban green infrastructures.

Neighborhood facilities and physical self-efficacy of older adults: The mediating role of daily activity opportunities

Neighborhood facilities and physical self-efficacy of older adults: The mediating role of daily activity opportunities

Analyzing spatiotemporal features of Suzhou's old canal city: an optimized composite space syntax model based on multifaceted historical-modern data

Rivers and road systems play crucial roles in urban development and in shaping the vitality of cities. The present study focuses on the spatiotemporal development patterns of canal cities. Taking Suzhou as an example, employing various spatial measurement methods combined with multidimensional spatiotemporal data, it clearly demonstrates the urban morphological patterns and societal characteristics related to the road and river network systems at different stages of urban development. Utilizing data extracted from historical and modern maps of Suzhou and employing the YOLO (You Only Look Once) algorithm, this study establishes a spatiotemporal dataset for Suzhou's ancient city, a representative Chinese canal city. An optimized space syntax algorithm for public service facilities, utilizing Python library like Geopandas, Numpy, is proposed to analyze the river and road system's impact on historical development and urban morphology. With multiple spatial econometric models applied to maps from various periods, this research explores the following findings: (1) By controlling rivers as a variable, it quantitatively confirms that rivers were crucial components of urban systems in ancient cities, playing a significant role in urban development and activities, though gradually overlooked in modern times. (2) Public service facilities of different types demonstrate patterns of Accessibility and Integration within the river-road system across various periods. (3) Changes in the distribution of public service facilities correspond to phased shifts in the center of Suzhou’s ancient city, mutually validating the authenticity of realistic paintings, historical maps, and the methodologies used in this study. This study emphasizes a broader historical and spatiotemporal perspective, augmented by quantitative research methods. It investigates the distribution and developmental characteristics of various types of public service facilities across different periods. The research aim is to understand the impact of river and road systems on urban development, as well as the morphological and social changes in historical cities that arise from urban activities.

Effects of Perceived Accessibility to Living Infrastructure on Positive Feelings Among Older Adults.

Social participation among older adults is a critical aspect that facilitates the improvement of their overall well-being. A critical factor influencing the social participation of older adults to achieve optimal aging is perceived accessibility to living infrastructure. The study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of how perceived accessibility to transportation systems, public service facilities, and digital services influences life satisfaction and happiness among older adults. Survey data were collected from 200 households in South Korea and the research paper utilized the Partial Least Squares (PLSs) bootstrapping methodology with 5000 subsample iterations for analysis. The study shows that perceived accessibility to transportation systems, public service facilities, and digital services significantly influenced satisfaction among older adults. Satisfaction, in turn, had a positive effect on happiness. The implications for theory and practical implications were provided for officials and social service professionals concerning the geriatric population.

OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM OF PUBLIC SERVICE FACILITIES LAYOUT IN EARTHQUAKE-STRICKEN AREAS BASED ON SA ALGORITHM

The environment in earthquake-stricken areas is complex and changeable. The optimization of public service facility layout usually involves multiple objectives, such as maximizing coverage, minimizing service distance, optimizing resource allocation, etc. The coupling conflict between these objectives weakens the functions of public service facilities in earthquake-stricken areas. To improve the emergency response speed of the earthquake-stricken regions and reduce disaster losses, a simulated annealing (SA) based optimization algorithm for the layout of public service facilities in earthquake-stricken areas is proposed. Considering the public service demand in different stages of the earthquake-stricken area, set the minimum maximum weighted distance, the minimum number of facility points, and the minimum total weighted distance of the service demand point area within the service area of the public service facility point as the objective function, and set constraints such as each demand point is covered by at least one facility point, and the minimum number of public service facility points, build a multi-objective optimization model of public service facilities layout to avoid coupling conflicts between multiple objectives. The SA algorithm is used to solve the multi-objective optimization model of public service facility layout. SA algorithm adopts temperature update function and sets heuristic cooling criteria. Combining the success-failure method and the variable scale method, a new solution is generated using the effective offset. The improved Metropolis algorithm is used to set the acceptance criteria for the solution to obtain the optimal layout result for public service facilities in earthquake-stricken areas. The experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively optimize the layout of public service facilities in earthquake-stricken areas, and improve facility coverage and resource utilization.

A Multi‐Objective Optimization Method for Shelter Site Selection Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

ABSTRACTUrban emergency shelters are a special type of public service facility, and their planning and construction are directly related to the safety of urban residents' lives and property, as well as to the sustainable development of the city. Existing research on the site selection of shelters is not ideal when dealing with large‐scale scenarios and fails to accurately reflect the actual situation. To address this issue, this study proposes an emergency shelter site selection model based on deep reinforcement learning, IAM‐PPO. This model constructs the site selection problem as a Markov Decision Process and uses deep learning to extract information from the site selection scenario. It finds the final solution for shelter locations through continuous exploration and learning. To improve the training efficiency of the model, the action masking process is innovatively applied to the model. The research results and ablation experiments using Shanghai as a case study prove that, owing to the diversity of shelter service ranges and action masking mechanism, the model proposed in this study can provide efficient and accurate shelter location services. Moreover, the customizability of this model provides meaningful reference value for other public facility location problems.

커뮤니티 공공 공간 고령자 적합성 디자인에 관한 연구 - 커뮤니티 양로 모델으로

The problem of population aging is becoming more and more serious, especially under the mode of community-based elderly care, the demand of elderly residents for community public space is becoming more and more prominent. In this paper, through the study of representative elderly care communities in the United States, Japan, Singapore and South Korea, the design strategy of community public space for aging is discussed. The research content covers spatial structure planning, barrier-free design, intelligent elderly care equipment, green landscape proportion, public service facilities distribution and other aspects, aiming to optimize the community environment to meet the physiological and psychological needs of the elderly. Through comparative analysis, this paper puts forward the guidelines for the design of aging, expecting to provide theoretical reference for the development of community-based elderly care mode in the future, and build a more harmonious, stable and livable community.

The concept of territorial and spatial organization of regional networks of architectural and urban heritage focuses in the territory of Ukraine

The article proposes a structural-logical and territorial-spatial model as part of the concept of formation and sustainable development of a network of focuses and areas’ of architectural and urban heritage, which are located in small provincial cities in 12 ethnic regions of Ukraine. Separate cells, united in the shortest way into areas and regions, are the structural elements of these models. They form a single network on the territory of Ukraine due to corporate inter-unit connections, communication connections between areas, cooperative perimeter connections of areas within the ethnic region, and switching inter-regional connections. In this network, there are points in villages mostly without historical heritage focuses, where information and tourist offices, small hotels and summer campuses, local libraries, and museums can be located to serve the area. The number of motels, roadside cafes, car service stations, parking lots, and other public service facilities can be increased in communication and switching focuses through which connections between areas and regions are made. The inclusion of historical sites in the creative economy of the region should also be based on the organization of traditional festive events, such as fairs in Velikie Sorochyntsi, derun festivals in Korosten, vyshyvanka, and borscht in Borshchev, etc. An important addition to the concept should be the formation of research focuses, holding master classes and art events, similar to Opishne in Poltava region, as well as in open-air museums. The concept involves the use of these network models in the study and stimulation of the processes of self-organization, sustainable development, and creative economy at the level of individual focuses, their areas, and ethnic regions. The processes of self-organization orient the sustainable development of the network towards the restoration of the historical environment of provincial cities, their inclusion in the tourism industry, in the museum, exhibition, and fair business, in the restoration of local craft production and, ultimately, in the revival of national culture and its self-identity in ethnic regions of Ukraine.

Impact of urban form on carbon emissions of residents in counties: evidence from Yangtze River Delta, China.

Urban form is a key factor affecting carbon emissions. Accurately estimating the impact of urban form on the carbon emissions of residents (CER) is an important prerequisite for China to adopt effective low-carbon spatial planning strategies and respond to climate change. However, counties mainly account for China's energy consumption, and the relationship between their urban form and the CER remains unclear, limiting their low-carbon development. Therefore, in this study, the PLS-SEM model and data from 90 counties in the Yangtze River Delta are used to determine the extent and ways that urban form affects the CER. The model considers the impact of both geometric-aspect urban form factors (urban scale, compactness, spatial structure, and urban shape) and built environment-aspect urban form factors (public service facilities, urban greening, road traffic, public transportation, and urban energy infrastructure) on the CER. The results indicate that urban form factors related to the built environment (public service facilities, urban greening, road systems, and municipal infrastructure) have a direct impact on the CER. Geometric-aspect urban form factors (size, compactness, spatial structure, and shape) not only directly affect the CER but also indirectly affect the CER by altering built environment-aspect urban form factors. This study identifies the complex relationship between urban form and the CER, facilitating the coordinated integration of multiple elements and providing a basis for the formulation of low-carbon spatial planning strategies for counties.

Analisa Komentar Siswa Tentang Minat Melanjutkan Pendididkan di Universitas Stella Maris Sumba pada SMA Plus Umma Katukku

State regulations state that village funds come from the State Budget (APBN) and are used to support governance, development, development, and social activities as well as community empowerment. It is hoped that the existence of village funds will increase the sources of income for each village, and the addition of village income by the government will improve public service facilities.1. As a result, a sentiment analysis of village officials will be carried out in this study. The Naive Bayes approach will be used to classify public sentiment as part of this investigation. We will evaluate two methods to see which produces more accurate results. In addition, the village government's function as the most important social institution in the community is essential for setting standards, facilitating socialization, and allocating resources. Furthermore, some Eweta community members have not received assistance, which could cause social rivalry among neighbors. Through sentiment categorization, responses will be categorized as either positive or negative. Based on feedback from visitors, this study attempts to assess the validity of the two approaches put to the test and offer insights into the caliber of services rendered by the village administration.

Neighborhood Effects of Blue Space in Historical Environments on the Mental Health of Older Adults: A Case Study of the Ancient City of Suzhou, China

With the rapid aging of the global population, China’s old urban areas, especially historical urban areas, are facing a more severe aging situation. In the context of heritage protection, the development and regeneration of historical urban areas are restricted. They usually face the aging and decay of housing, infrastructure, and public service facilities, which are harmful neighborhood environmental factors to the health development of older adults. Since the World Health Organization adopted “healthy aging” as a development strategy to deal with population aging, the mental health of older adults has become an increasingly important public health issue. A growing body of research demonstrates the positive impact of blue spaces (including oceans, rivers, lakes, wetlands, ponds, etc.) on older adults’ mental health, yet evidence on the potential of blue spaces in a historical environment to promote mental health among older adults remains limited. Therefore, exploring the neighborhood impact of blue space on the mental health of older adults has become a new entry point to provide an age-friendly environment for older adults in the ancient city. This study uses multi-source data such as community questionnaire data, remote sensing images, urban street view images, and environmental climate data of the ancient city of Suzhou, to extract a variety of blue space quantitative indicators, and uses the hierarchical linear model and mediation effect model to explore the neighborhood impact of blue space exposure in the historical environment on older adults, to try to explore the impact path and formation mechanism behind it. The result is that exposure to neighborhood blue space in Suzhou’s historic urban area is significantly related to the mental health of older adults. Additionally, neighborhood blue space exposure improves the mental health of older adults by relieving stress and promoting physical activities and social interaction. The health effects of neighborhood blue space exposure vary among elderly groups with different age and income stratifications, and have a greater impact on the healthy lifestyle and mental health of older adults in younger and lower-income aging groups. Based on a multidisciplinary theoretical perspective, this study enriches the empirical literature on the impact of blue space on the mental health of older adults in historical environments and provides a scientific basis for the regeneration planning of “healthy neighborhoods” and “healthy aging” in historical urban areas.

Usulan Model Sistem Antrian pada Wisata Umbul Pelem dengan Pendekatan Teori Antrian dan Simulasi

The tourism sector in regional development, especially in Klaten, contributes significantly to income through various tourism potentials. The Klaten regional government is trying to increase this potential by developing facilities, providing comprehensive information, and increasing accessibility. The development of information and communication technology also encourages innovation in the tourism system. Apart from that, this study also highlights the phenomenon of queuing at public service facilities, such as in Umbul Pelem, which is caused by an imbalance between the number of customers and service capacity. With an average of 20 customers per day and a service time of 5-10 minutes per person, the system currently uses two service counters.

Diversity and Influencing Factors of Public Service Facilities in Urban (Suburban) Railway Life Circle—Evidence from Beijing Subway Line S1, China

The urban (suburban) railway is a fast and convenient rail transit system connecting urban and suburban areas, and a refined analysis of the diversity of public service facilities around its stations can help to promote the intensive use of land around rail stations. However, the differences in the diversity of public service facilities in the railway life circle between urban and suburban railway stations and the factors affecting them are not clear. This paper takes the Beijing Suburban Railway Line Sub-center (Line S1) as a case study, uses the Shannon-Wiener index to measure the spatial diversity characteristics of public service facilities, and utilizes a multi-scale geographically weighted regression model to explore the influencing factors. The findings indicate that: (1) Centered on the stations, all six stations show a “less-more-less” ring or half-ring to the left distribution structure of the comprehensive diversity index of public service facilities within their study areas, with an increase followed by a decrease. (2) The influence of each influencing factor on the diversity of market-featured facilities exhibits significant differences. The most substantial spatial heterogeneity is observed in the distances to the nearest subway stations and bus stops. Distances to subway and urban (suburban) railway stations exhibit different spatial distribution characteristics within urban and suburban areas on Line S1. In urban areas, the closer the distance to the subway station or the further the distance to the railway station, the greater the diversity of public service facilities. Conversely, in suburban areas, the opposite is true. The conclusions of this research provide a scientific methodology and improvement measures to facilitate the construction of railway life circles in suburban regions of megacities.