Public Policy Framework Research Articles

In public administration and public policy, can theory capture caste?

June of 2020 brought about mass protests on behalf on the Black Lives Matter movement. Protests that caused many industries and institutions to reevaluate the role they have played in perpetuating institutional forms of racism. This article explores the current state of Public Administration and Public Policy theories and frameworks and evaluates the fields understanding of how racial caste and racial socialization impacts the administrative state. It argues that the only way for the field of Public Administration and Public Policy, through scholarship and teaching, to rise to the challenge of addressing systemic and institutionalized forms of racial discrimination that permeates society and the administrative state is for scholars to develop a deeper understanding of racism and its impact on individuals, organizations, and institutions.

Use of Incremental Model in Analyzing Bangladesh Education Policy 2010

Education is one of the essential components in developing a scholarly society capable of facing the demands and challenges of the twenty-first century. Education policy refers to the principles of government policymaking in the educational sector and the set of laws and norms that govern the operation of the educational system. It focuses on the effects of educational policy decisions and alternatives in the real world. It investigates the link between educational policy and practice. Even though our educational system has shortcomings, we are improving daily. Bangladesh is fully committed to the EFA goals, the Millennium Development Goals, and universal declarations. Every child between the ages of six and eighteen is entitled to free education under Article seventeen of the Bangladesh Constitution. As a result, the "National Education Policy 2010" was created using the incremental model of one of the most used public policy frameworks. The government makes incremental public policy decisions based on earlier actions. All of the model's functions are divided into distinct groups. Our educational system underwent significant changes over a long period. The incremental model's important aspects are time progression and social demand.

The Policy Process of the Philippines’ Conditional Cash Transfer Program: Analysis of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)

The Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) program in the Philippines popularly known as the 4Ps or the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program aimed to improve the lives of poor Filipinos and promote better health and social status. This paper discussed the policy process of the 4Ps starting from problem identification to the agenda setting, then policy formulation/legitimation up to the implementation and evaluation. Through a review of related literature, public policy theories and frameworks such as the Black Box, Kingdon’s Streams Metaphor, etc. were used in explaining the various stages of the program. Data from the World Bank, NEDA, and DSWD were also presented in order to provide evidence for the different stages of the policy process of the program. Originally, the 4Ps targeted children 0-14 years old, however, it was changed to 0-18 years so as to address the need of the beneficiaries’ children to at least finish high school so as to have a relatively good job. Moreover, the 4Ps started with 284 thousand beneficiaries since its inception in 2008. In 2016, the program covers 79% of the poor households in the country which demands more budgets for the program. The formulation and legitimation of the 4Ps can be deduced from the discussion of Curry, et. al. (2013) of whether the 4Ps was truly an adoption of the Bolsa Familia or just an imitation of it. The cost-benefit evaluation of the 4Ps from the vantage point of a transnational actor has rendered it feasible to still be implemented and continued.

The public policy of personnel training for the food industry

Today, in the context of the COVID-2019 pandemic and military operations, the main objectives of the policy of personnel training for the food industry include the creation and development of a system of vocational education and training, improvement of training standards and curricula, promotion of scientific research and innovation in the food industry, improvement of the accessibility and quality of training, and maintenance of compliance with the labor market. Training of highly qualified employees in this field is the key to the quality of work of these specialists in the food industry, which in turn will indicate the quality of service. The article aims to examine the institutional framework of public policy of personnel training for the food industry. Based on the analysis and systematization of scientific sources of the concept of public policy of personnel training for the food industry, the author offers the vision of such a policy, interpreting it as a set of measures taken by the state to satisfy the industry’s needs for highly qualified specialists with appropriate education and professional training. The main measures taken by the state to create a national system of qualifications outlining the requirements to the qualification of personnel in the food industry are characterized. The experience and main features of the world organizations involved in the training of personnel for the food industry are analyzed. The main tasks of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine in terms of ensuring the implementation of the state policy in education, in particular, in personnel training for the food industry, are substantiated. The regulatory framework on personnel training for the food industry in Ukraine is analyzed.

Passenger Capacity and Safety: Investigating the Likelihood of COVID-19 Transmission in Public Transport Modes within Makurdi Metropolis

Following its outbreak in the Wuhan region of China, the spread of Corona Virus (COVID-19) across the world has threatened national and local authorities or policy makers and transport experts due to its effects on human mobility. This study investigated the transmissibility of COVID-19 among passengers in transit using public transport modes in Makurdi metropolis. Analytical simulation using stochastic search method called Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique was used to simulate the transmissibility of the infectious disease within enclosed spaces of transport modes based on layouts and capacities. The sum of arithmetic sequence was used as the objective function of individual arrivals in each mode, it was minimised to obtain optimum safe capacity. Capacities of public transport modes were subdivided into; Normal, Above Normal and Below Normal (50% of Normal). Findings of the experiments indicated that optimum safe capacity of minibuses, taxies, tricycles and motorcycles used in Makurdi metropolis were at 8, 3, 2 and 1 person respectively. This occurred at 50% capacity which agreed with findings of previous studies. An efficient and sustainable public transport policy framework was designed for policy makers and transport experts to help achieve safe travel and healthier living in Makurdi metropolis during the COVID-19 era. Keywords— COVID-19 transmission, Makurdi Metropolis, Modal Split, Mode capacity, Passenger Safety, Public Transport.

Qualitative Research and Aging in Context: Implications to Social Study in China

This article begins with a review of methods that gerontologists use in social and behavioral research. The value and focus of qualitative research are highlighted with their epistemological roots. Qualitative approaches and their uses are summarized in terms of “interpretive” and “critical” social sciences that draw the insights of sociological paradigms. With a further review of qualitative research on aging and gerontological studies in China, the article focuses on an integrated micro-macro model by illuminating the ideas of clinical sociology and the general public policy framework of an “economic state in transition.” Implications to social policy study (particularly on aging in China) are discussed.

Forage-Fed Insects as Food and Feed Source: Opportunities and Constraints of Edible Insects in the Tropics

Farmed insects can provide an alternative protein source for humans, livestock, and fish, while supporting adaptation to climate change, generating income for smallholder farmers, and reducing the negative impacts of conventional food production, especially in the tropics. However, the quantity, nutritional quality and safety of insects greatly relies on their feed intake. Tropical forages (grasses and legumes) can provide a valuable and yet untapped source of feed for several farmed insect species. In this perspective paper, we provide a viewpoint of how tropical forages can support edible insect production. We also highlight the potential of tropical forage-based diets over those using organic agricultural or urban by-product substrates, due to their versatility, low cost, and lower risk of microbial and chemical hazards. The main bottlenecks relate to dependence on the small number of farmed insect species, and in public policy and market frameworks regarding the use of edible insects as food, feed and in industrial processes. This perspective will serve interested stakeholders in identifying urgent issues at the research, ethical, marketing and policy levels that can prevent the emergence of new, insect-based value chains and business models, and the nutritional, economic and environmental benefits they promise.

Experience and Discussion: Safeguards for People With Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China.

The special vulnerability of people with disability (PWD) in the COIVD-19 pandemic has been confirmed by many studies, but data shows that the infection rate of PWD in China is lower than for non-disabled people. We believe that this difference can be attributed to the Chinese government's targeted safeguards for the disabled community during the pandemic, including support for disability empowerment, the establishment of a remote interactive decision-making system, fair vaccine distribution and economic protection for PWD. The professionalism of decision-makers and the maintenance of channels of interaction with PWD are also important. All of these changes have benefitted China's public health policy and legal framework. This system, which has six components (governance, prevention, response, knowledge, coordination, and people), enables the country to quickly formulate a series of safeguards for PWD that have a sufficient legal basis. We believe that China's rapidly improving public health policy and legal framework will make a hugely significant impact by alleviating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the PWD community. Countries should pay more attention to discovering the special needs and obstacles of PWD in the COIVD-19 pandemic: in referring to China's experience, they should explore the protection framework for persons with disabilities and adjust it to their own needs on the basis of national conditions.

Addressing Coca-Related Deforestation in Colombia: A Call for Aligning Drug and Environmental Policies for Sustainable Development

In Colombia, deforestation is one of the most relevant environmental problems, and the cultivation of illicit coca crops is often mentioned as one of its direct and indirect drivers. Over the past two decades, both dynamics have been converging, and are now found in largely the same areas. These tend to be characterized by weak governmental control, the presence of illegal armed groups, and adverse socioeconomic conditions. Alarmingly, almost half of the illicit coca cultivation has recently been found in the environmentally sensitive Special Management Zones of Colombia (such as protected areas and forest reservation zones or ethnic territories). This policy commentary highlights potential sustainable development approaches to address coca-related deforestation in Colombia. It takes into account the country’s current public policy framework and practical experiences of the Colombian Government as well as the Global Partnership on Drug Policies and Development (GPDPD), a programme at Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, and its partners. These interventions are based on the Alternative Development (AD) concept that introduces viable and legal livelihood alternatives in coca-growing areas to promote rural development and discourage illicit cultivation. The article suggests aligning drug and environmental policies to implement integrated AD programmes with an environmental dimension through elements such as agroforestry, forest governance strategies or Payments for Ecosystem Services. It further calls for improved framework conditions through an updated cadastral and land titling system. In Special Management Zones, differentiated approaches are necessary to tailor interventions to the specific environmental and cultural conditions of these territories.

Natural laboratories in emerging countries and comparative advantages in science: Evidence from Chile

AbstractEntering the knowledge society and mobilizing science and technology are critical for emerging countries (ECs) to address important challenges of society and promote long‐term economic growth. Natural laboratories (NLs) are geographical or geophysical singularities that provide comparative advantages and leverage to ECs for scientific research and international collaboration. Based on empirical evidence and learning experiences from five NLs in Chile, we propose the foundations of a conceptual framework for public scientific policies based on NLs and their possible implementation in ECs. Scientific research in NLs may address local, national, and global societal challenges while decentralizing scientific activities, encouraging transdisciplinary research in territories, anticipating the effects of climate change, and protecting biodiversity while promoting international partnerships and alignment with 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.

Crisis Response Framework and Public Policy Response

Covid-19 brought an unprecedented and challenging time all over the globe. With the unpreparedness and lack of awareness regarding the global pandemic, it soon became an international concern. From loss of lives to loss of livelihood, the pandemic had a huge impact on global citizens and various nation-states. Unlike any other crisis, Covid-19 too pushed the government and its people to restructure and reform their framework, especially in the face of such an unprecedentedly adverse situation. This article highlights the need of a crisis response framework and formulation of agile public policy during such a global catastrophe. Taking the novel coronavirus as the epicentre demanding a rapid response formulation of Government of India, the article delineates upon strategic intervention of the government towards Covid-19 and the need of a crisis response framework for the future.

Implementation of a Motor Vehicle Testing Policy in the City of Bandung

This research is focused on the primary issue, namely the importance of Motor Vehicle Testing in the development of roadworthy vehicles. It is expected that certain difficulties remain in executing the Motor Vehicle Testing Policy in the City of Bandung. The study of policy implementation is framed within the framework of public policy and public administration, which serves as the primary theory for creating public administration knowledge. The purpose of this study is to examine the Motor Vehicle Testing Policy's implementation in achieving roadworthy vehicles in Bandung City. The researchers employed a qualitative approach and descriptive methodologies in their investigation. The overall conclusion is that while the implementation of the Motor Vehicle Testing Policy at the Bandung City Transportation Agency's Office of the Motor Vehicle Testing Unit is outstanding, there are still flaws. Repairing an inadequate institutional structure as perceived from afar, as well as a demanding task but insufficient authority and institutional position. Testing resources are in short supply. To operate effectively, there must be a plan for executing a motor vehicle testing policy.

Capturing conversations in entrepreneurial ecosystems

This paper examines a novel and innovative methodological approach and dataset for measuring the complex relational dynamics underpinning entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs). Existing measurement techniques have largely failed to yield sufficiently nuanced data or insights to inform robust policy recommendations within this research field. To rectify this situation, this paper sets out a novel approach to assessing the relational connectivity within EEs by capturing entrepreneurial "conversations". Drawing on real-time data extracted from an event-based social media platform, in combination with social network analysis and qualitative interview data, we provide an in-depth assessment of the relational connections within the city of Edinburgh at three analytical levels. Overall, the paper demonstrates that the analysis of conversations and conversational spaces is an important mechanism for exploring and mapping the relational connectivity within EEs. As well as producing novel empirical insights, this approach provides policy makers with vital strategic policy intelligence to help better inform public policy frameworks and associated interventions.

Selection of parameters for seagrass management: Towards the development of integrated indicators for French Antilles

Seagrass beds are increasingly impacted by human activities in coastal areas, particularly in tropical regions. The objective of this research program was to study seagrass beds characteristics under various environmental conditions in the French Antilles (FA, Caribbean Sea). A total of 61 parameters, from plant physiology to seagrass ecosystem, were tested along a gradient of anthropogenic conditions, distributed across 11 sites and 3 islands of the FA. A selection of 7 parameters was identified as relevant for the monitoring of seagrass meadows in the framework of public policies. They combined “early warning indicators” (e.g. nutrients and some trace metals) and long-term responding parameters (e.g. shoot density) adapted to management time scales. The ecological status of seagrass meadows was evaluated using a PCA. This work is a first step towards monitoring and management of seagrass meadows in the FA.

The development of swimming in Brazil and its structural intervening factors (El desarrollo de la natación en Brasil y sus factores estructurales intervinientes)

This study aimed to identify how relationships are established in the development of swimming in a Brazilian sports entity, and hypothesized the existence of a structural dynamics sustained by hidden mechanisms of domination. The research consisted of a case study and the sample was a Brazilian sports entity in swimming, chosen from the analysis of the national classification in the period 2013-2018. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with two managers, two athletes and two coaches of the entity. The study had the following analytical categories: structured relationship between performance and participatory sports; coach influence on athlete development; financial support; sports facilities that provide good training conditions; club strategic planning; organization of a public policy framework for sport; political and sports structure; sports talent identification. After systematizing the data, these were analyzed together with Pierre Bourdieu's sociological theory. From the analyzed case, one can confirm the hypothesis that swimming has a relative social distinction in the Brazilian sports sphere, as links hidden mechanisms of domination in a structural way in its management, such as the different positions held in the specific subfield, the principle of capital differentiation, as well as the importance of raising public funds and the symbolic power of the entity.

Hak Atas Informasi, Edukasi Dan Pelayanan Kesehatan Terhadap Masyarakat Adat Di Maluku Selama Pandemi Covid-19

The main objective of this research is to determine the fulfillment of the right to information, education and health services to indigenous peoples carried out by the Maluku Provincial Government and the relationship patterns that need to be built through the Maluku Provincial Government's public policies towards indigenous peoples so that dynamic interactions can be established in an effort to accelerate the spread of the virus. Covid 19 at the local level. The research was conducted using the Social Legal Research method. Approach the problem using a statutory approach, and concepts. The results of this study found that the Maluku Provincial Government has carried out its responsibilities in fulfilling the right to information, education and health services to indigenous peoples, but it is still not optimal. Likewise, a public policy framework that favors the interests of indigenous peoples as a form of protection for the vulnerability of indigenous peoples from the dangers of the spread of the Covid-19 virus is also not optimal. The Maluku Provincial Government needs to formulate a formulation of a public policy framework that is oriented towards the goal of fulfilling the basic rights of indigenous peoples during the Covid-19 pandemic. The vulnerability of indigenous peoples needs to be protected with the political will of the Maluku Provincial government through budget politics, preparation of human and material resources and infrastructure that supports performance achievement in fulfilling the right to information, education and health services to indigenous peoples at the local level.

A “silent” agroecology: the significance of unrecognized sociotechnical changes made by French farmers

Agroecology has been a focus of intense debate in France since 2012, when the idea was explicitly adopted as a national policy objective by the Ministry of Agriculture. This article intervenes in this debate by documenting and describing an under-recognized, “silent” agroecology practiced by conventional farmers contending with a variety of threats—economic, technical, and climatic—to their farming systems. Inspired by the sociology of development, the research summarized here shows how these farmers have relied on peer-to-peer cooperation, and specifically on formal equipment-sharing arrangements, to develop a range of practices allowing for the ecological improvement of their farming systems. These farmers make few claims with regard to the environmental benefits of their innovations, however: instead, they emphasize their desire for improved farm autonomy. Out of respect for the social and professional dynamics within which they operate, moreover, these farmers tend to avoid ecological terms and topics in their peer-to-peer conversations. This “silence” is reinforced by the statistical tools used to report on French agriculture, which make little note of such farmers’ activities, effectively excluding these practices from assessments of the ecologization of French agriculture. Finally, given the challenges these farmers face in locating necessary resources elsewhere in the agrifood sector (suppliers, research and development, markets), the ecological benefits of these new practices are not always fully realized. Nevertheless, the scale and significance of this silent agroecology—the conditions for which are also present in other Western countries—suggest an urgent need to reorient public policy frameworks to better support the agroecological transition.

Deforestation and environmental crisis. An analysis of the framework of public policies in digital media

Journalism plays a prominent role in democratic societies by contributing to the process of spreading and expanding the debate with public opinion on topics that are considered crucial for humanity. The present research brings a study of the news framework given by the websites O Antagonista and The Intercept Brasil, about public policies related to the environment, with the clipping of the articles that dealt with the burning in the Amazon forest during the month of August 2019. The research answers how the respective online newspapers framed the debate on deforestation in the Amazon in a context of environmental crisis. The study hypothesizes that online newspapers sought a polarized framework on the topic, but distanced themselves from the discussion about policies that are linked to environmental protection and its barriers. As a methodology, the analysis of news framing was used, starting from the notion that the media content houses an internal structure that has a central organizing idea conceptualized by interpretive packages.

New Model for Measuring Job Quality: Developing an European Intrinsic Job Quality Index (EIJQI)

This article deals with the development of a new model for measuring job quality based on the intrinsic components of work, an European Intrinsic Job Quality Index. The objective is measure job quality on the basis of the characteristics inherent to the labour activity itself, and not from its financial rewards. First, we review the existing literature on current measurement models and justify the need for an index of this nature. Secondly, we explain the fundamental methodological decisions adopted for the construction of the index, and present the descriptive model, the indicators that make up each dimension, and the empirical model. Finally, we present the index scores by European Union countries within the framework of institutional theories. In this work, we have used a quantitative methodology, based on social indicator systems, and it has been carried out mainly with data from the European Working Conditions Survey (2015). The fundamental contribution of this article is the construction of a new model for measuring the quality of work, robust, valid and reliable, which will allow us to monitor the intrinsic job quality of the member countries, and thus provide relevant information that contributes to the framework of public policies.

Vacating place, vacated space? A research agenda for places where people leave

What happens to rural places when people leave? We propose a research agenda that accounts for the material and immaterial values of depopulating and depopulated places. A three-pronged research framework departing from the notion of place is outlined that focuses on the social and political relations and the natural environment in which vacating places are embedded. We use vignettes of places in Ecuador, New Zealand and the Autonomous Region of Bougainville of Papua New Guinea to illustrate how this framework can be used to explore how depopulation has transformed the sense of place. Each explores an aspect of this transformation: (1) replacing people – where inhabitants of a place are replaced; (2) diluting local voice – where the local sense of place is diluted through changing governance arrangements through institutional amalgamation; and (3) transforming nature – where the biophysical transformation of a space effectively renders it inhabitable. Each vignette answers questions about who speaks for, who benefits from, and what is valued about this place. By paying close attention to political, economic, and environmental transformations and what they mean for the values of these depopulating rural areas as well as by showcasing different modes of vacating space and the consequences on legitimacy and beneficiaries, we highlight the importance of this research framework for global public policy and its applicability for both the Global North and the Global South.