Notices Of Publications Research Articles

Lessons from UNCITRAL for Reforming the South African Legal Framework Concerning Security Rights in Movable Property

This article analyses the South African legal framework governing security rights in movable property with the view to inspire law reform. The analysis is based on a comparison of the current South African framework with the UNCITRAL Legislative Guide on Secured Transactions, a soft-law instrument containing international best practice. The problematic aspects of the South African framework benchmarked against the UNCITRAL Guide are: (1) not having a common legal framework that equally applies to all types of (including quasi-) real security transactions; (2) the scope of the current framework not being comprehensive (inclusive) enough; (3) not having an efficient enough method of creating the security right; (4) the current publicity method, particularly concerning special notarial bonds, being overly cumbersome and not providing effective public notice to third parties; and (5) the current enforcement measures potentially not being the most efficient. Regarding each of these problem areas, the article makes proposals on how the South African legislature could reform the current framework into one that is legally efficient and in step with international best practice.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Dental Stem Cells and Tooth Banking among Dental Professionals: A Questionnaire-based Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Stem cell therapy is new revolutionary technique which can repair many defects of human body. There are two sources of stem cells, one is embryonic and postnatal. Postnatal sites are the ones from which procuring stem cells is easiest. Dental stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth are also obtained from these sources. Dental health professionals must have understanding about dental stem cells for its application. Hence, there is need to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice of dental professionals regarding dental stem cells. Aim: To evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice regarding dental stem cells and tooth banking among dental professionals of Gujarat. Materials and Methods: The study was a questionnaire based cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, KM Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India from December 2020 to March 2021. Total of dental health professionals participated including undergraduate (interns) and postgraduate students, dental practitioners and faculty members of dental colleges. Participants received the questionnaire in the form of a google form through email and whatsApp. The data was analysed using percentages of total and Chi-square test for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 711 participants, 410 were students, 44 faculties, 207 practitioners and 50 faculties and practitioner both. Among the faculty, knowledge on types of dental stem cells was significantly associated with the years of experience (p-value <0.001). Among the students, first year postgraduate students and interns had significantly less knowledge regarding various applications of dental stem cells (p-value <0.001). Among them, 52.9% participants were aware of stem cell banks in India and 55.5% were aware of names of stem cell banks. Participants suggested that seminars, journals, academic curriculum, conferences or Continued Dental Education (CDE), and advertisement and public notice all should be used to increase awareness of dental stem cells among dental professionals. Conclusion: There was adequate awareness among dental health professionals regarding dental stem cells and their applications but were unaware about tooth banking and its procedure. The study also found that there was lack of knowledge regarding steps of preservation of dental stem cells and their ethical concerns. Therefore, the topic of dental stem cells should be included in dental curriculum.

El trans-mutar de las memorias: educación, feminismos negros y discursos académicos sobre Tereza de Benguela

This article aims to make a historical survey about the trajectory of Tereza de Benguela in the Quilombo de Quaritêre (1730-1770) and the versions about it in the current contexts. Based on the bibliography on the subject, added to a set of current materials (newspaper articles, children's stories, samba plots, string, public notices), academic rhetoric and rhetoric of social movements will be asked, in order to understand whether these readings approach or distance themselves and what are the consequences of these discourses for the fight against racism, the assembly of black representativities and the decentralization of scientific knowledge.

Standards for recognition and approval rate of occupational cerebro-cardiovascular diseases in Korea.

Although working hours have decreased in Korea, they are still high compared to that of other countries. In Korea, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs) related to overwork in Korea continually occur, and the social burden from overwork is estimated to be high. This study investigated the amendment of regulations affecting the approval rate of occupational CCVDs. The change in approval rate of occupational CCVDs and related regulations were investigated using the Act and public notice on the standards for recognition of occupational CCVDs and the yearbooks of the Ministry of Employment and Labor. The CCVD mortality was estimated using data on the number of deaths according to the cause of death, the number of employed people, and resident registration population aged 15-64 years. The cumulative mortality of CCVDs was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Since the establishment of the standards for recognition in Korea in 1982, the scope of occupational diseases has been expanded to include intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, myocardial infarction, and aortic dissection. In 2013, the concept of working hours was introduced in chronic overwork. The approval rate of occupational CCVDs was 44.7% in 2006, which decreased to 12.9% in 2011. After the improvement of related regulations, the approval rate increased to 41.3% in 2018. From 2000 to 2017, the CCVD mortality of both the unemployed and employed tended to decrease, and their cumulative CCVD mortalities were 549.3 and 319.7 per 100,000 people, respectively. CCVDs are recognized as occupational diseases in Korea. The amendments to the standards for recognition, the introduction of the Occupational Disease Adjudication Committee, the principle of presumption, and the reduction of working hours have changed the approval rate of occupational CCVDs. A strategic approach is needed to further reduce the incidence of CCVDs.

Information technology and class action notification

The article discusses the use of information technology for class action notification. The author analyzes the foreign experience of using information technology to notify potential group members about a class action field. In international practice, there are two ways of notification: public and individual. In both cases, the capabilities of the Internet can be used. So, a public notice involves non-personalized notification of the alleged group members. A public notice can be implemented, for example, by posting information about a class action on various sites, banners. It is also possible to use the social networks of the defendant or the plaintiff-representative. Individual notification in this context can be implemented via e-mail and social networks, and their messengers. As a result of the analysis of the Russian legislation on class actions regarding the notification of potential participants, the author notes the heterogeneity of procedural mechanisms for sending notifications and the limited use of information technologies.

Social Media Marketing and Advertising Under Conditions of External Military Aggression

Since February 2022, Ukraine has been in a state of constant threat due to a military invasion. In this regard, the activities of enterprises, in particular marketing, require the development of new approaches for survival and development. Social media marketing and advertising can be a particularly powerful tool in these circumstances. The consumer's awareness of the company's news and product range updates, live communication with the client, prompt resolution of controversial and conflicting situations and, in general, constant presence in the information field - this is far from a complete list of advantages that are open to businesses when using social networks. In turn, well-planned targeted advertising allows you to expand the target market almost limitlessly, attracting the most potential age, social and gender groups. Under conditions of external military aggression social media marketing (SMM) turns from a simple competitive advantage into a mechanism for saving both the business itself and the well-being of thousands of migrant families. Advertising, the techniques and practices used to bring products, services, opinions, or causes to public notice for the purpose of persuading the public to respond in a certain way toward what is advertised. The article discusses ways to use SMM and advertising tools, as well as features and tips for the wartime period. The mechanisms of promotion in various social networks, such as Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Instagram and others are considered. Regardless of which platforms is used or how it is used, the most important thing to remember is that social media is not a platform to pitch the business. It’s a community to express the personality, demonstrate the values, share useful information, and build up those around the brand. With people naturally following the page and promoting the content, there will be no need for pitching. And with this approach, it is possible to achieve not just the business goals but all of the other intangibles that translate to gratification and fulfillment.

Social Media Marketing and Advertising Under Conditions of External Military Aggression

Since February 2022, Ukraine has been in a state of constant threat due to a military invasion. In this regard, the activities of enterprises, in particular marketing, require the development of new approaches for survival and development. Social media marketing and advertising can be a particularly powerful tool in these circumstances. The consumer's awareness of the company's news and product range updates, live communication with the client, prompt resolution of controversial and conflicting situations and, in general, constant presence in the information field - this is far from a complete list of advantages that are open to businesses when using social networks. In turn, well-planned targeted advertising allows you to expand the target market almost limitlessly, attracting the most potential age, social and gender groups. Under conditions of external military aggression social media marketing (SMM) turns from a simple competitive advantage into a mechanism for saving both the business itself and the well-being of thousands of migrant families. Advertising, the techniques and practices used to bring products, services, opinions, or causes to public notice for the purpose of persuading the public to respond in a certain way toward what is advertised. The article discusses ways to use SMM and advertising tools, as well as features and tips for the wartime period. The mechanisms of promotion in various social networks, such as Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Instagram and others are considered. Regardless of which platforms is used or how it is used, the most important thing to remember is that social media is not a platform to pitch the business. It’s a community to express the personality, demonstrate the values, share useful information, and build up those around the brand. With people naturally following the page and promoting the content, there will be no need for pitching. And with this approach, it is possible to achieve not just the business goals but all of the other intangibles that translate to gratification and fulfillment.

Acts and Public Notices on Healthcare-associated Infection Control & Prevention in the Republic of Korea

Acts and Public Notices on Healthcare-associated Infection Control & Prevention in the Republic of Korea

Popular health surveillance in traditional fishing communities and the ecology of knowledges in the fight against COVID-19.

Considering the public health emergency of international importance caused by COVID-19, artisanal fishing workers, engaging in a dialogue with Brazilian leaders and scholars, created an Observatory on the impacts of this pandemic on fishing communities in March 2020. The purpose of this article is to analyze the experience of popular surveillance of fishermen and fisherwomen's health through daily reports produced at the Observatory. It is a monitoring process that allowed broadening the recognition of the diversity of vulnerable populations' ways of life that intertwine health, environment and work. The study used a qualitative, horizontal and emancipatory methodology and sought approaches to the practice of the ecology of knowledges, with the following results: shared construction of information and knowledges based on heterogeneous social experiences; practice of collective ombudsman with the appreciation of knowledges built in social struggles); joint assessment of public health inequities, territorial conflicts, and environmental, structural, and institutional racism; guidance of social leaders and fundraising through public notices. Thus, the dynamics and horizontality of learning based on solidarity and social emancipation from inter-knowledge are revealed.

Health Technology Assessment of the Medical Devices: A Case Study from the Czech Republic

Abstract Health technology assessment (HTA) has become the systematic evaluation of health technology’s properties and effects that inform decision-makers. The implementation and expansion of HTA can contribute to slowing down burgeoning healthcare costs. In the Czech Republic, elements of HTA are quite standardly used in pharmacoeconomics, but questions arise on the use of HTA of medical devices. The theoretical framework developed is followed by a case study of the Czech Republic to assess whether the use of HTA of medical devices in the Czech Republic is implemented. This study uses publicly available resources, mainly public health acts and public notices related to HTA. We examined the institutionalisation of HTA for medical devices (HTA applied only at a selected area of medical devices) in the Czech Republic and compared Czech’s HTA principles of medical devices to the HTA Core Model. It was found that the HTA process used for medical devices is very limited in the Czech Republic. Our data show that HTA was officially established, but in reality, the medical devices have not been assessed following HTA principles.

From assurance to coproduction: a century of improving the quality of health-care service.

Over the last century, the invitation to improve health-care service quality has taken many different forms: questions, observations, methods, tools and actions have emerged and evolved to create relevant 'improvement work.' In this paper we present three phases of this work. The basic frameworks used in these phases have not supplanted each other, but they have been layered one upon the next over time. Each brought important new thinking, new change opportunities and a new set of limits. The important messages of each need to be carried together into the future, as must the sense of curiosity and possibility about the commonalities that has driven this evolution. Literature, personal experience and other artifacts were reviewed to develop this description of how the focus on quality work has evolved (and continues to evolve) over the last century. We describe three phases. Quality 1.0 seeks to answer the question 'How might we establish thresholds for good healthcare services?' It described certain 'basic' standards that should be used to certify acceptable performance and capability. This led to the formation of formal processes for review, documentation and external audits and a system for public notice and recognition. Over time, the limits and risks of this approach also became more visible: a 'micro-accounting compliance' sometimes triumphed over what might be of even greater strategic importance in the development and operations of effective systems of disease prevention and management to improve outcomes for patients and families. Quality 2.0 asked 'How might we use enterprise-wide systems for disease management?' It added a focus on the processes and systems of production, reduction of unwanted variation, the intrinsic motivation to take pride in work, outcome measurement and collaborative work practices as ways to improve quality, modeled on experiences in other industries. Quality 3.0 asks 'How might we improve the value of the contribution that healthcare service makes to health?' It requires careful consideration of the meaning of 'service' and 'value', service-creating logic, and prompts us to consider both relationships and activities in the context of the coproduction of health-care services. Efforts to improve the quality and value of health-care services have evolved over the last century. With each success have come new challenges and questions, requiring the addition of new frames and approaches.

Comparison of Cost vs. Reimbursement for Definitive Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing

In the last several decades, utilization of standard of care brachytherapy (BT) for locally advanced cervical cancer has declined, with increasing use of external alternatives associated with suboptimal outcomes. Emerging evidence implicates under-reimbursement but is incomplete, as prior studies have relied on surveys and lacked indirect costs. The impact of the upcoming Radiation Oncology Alternative Payment Model (RO-APM) on these trends is also unclear. This study used time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) to compare the true cost of standard of care external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) plus BT boost with current and proposed reimbursement policy. We hypothesized that TDABC would reveal under-reimbursement of BT, which will be worsened under the RO-APM.TDABC was used to map out the entire patient care cycle, accounting for both direct and indirect costs. Costs were estimated by multiplying prospectively collected timestamps from a 66-patient cohort with nationally derived capacity cost rates for personnel, space, equipment, consumables, and overhead. Current fee-for-service (FFS) and proposed RO-APM rates were derived from Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes and public notices and used to calculate reimbursement-cost ratios.The direct cost of standard of care radiotherapy was $16435. Indirect costs and MRI guidance added $6690 and $1280. BT and EBRT total costs were higher than previously estimated using direct cost, survey based TDABC ($13663 vs $8609 and $9462 vs $4090, respectively). Although BT cost 44% more than EBRT, under FFS policy, it was reimbursed 12% less ($16145 vs $19769; 45% vs 55% of total payment), resulting in a > 4-fold lower margin. The reimbursement-cost ratio for BT vs EBRT was 1.18 vs 2.09. Switching to the RO-APM reduced these ratios to 0.76 vs 1.34 (using the FFS 45% vs 55% split in payment). Physician payment was less than cost of care (BT = 0.70).Unlike traditional measurements indexed on charges, TDABC more accurately estimates the true cost of care, particularly when using prospective timestamps and indirect costs. Current FFS rates undervalue the cost of BT relative to EBRT, which may be exacerbated by the RO-APM, incentivizing external alternatives (such as external boosts) over definitive care. TDABC can help policymakers align reimbursement with cost to mitigate declining BT usage, which may be worsening patient outcomes in an already underserved population.

여말선초의 ‘노비-천민(天民)’ 인식과 그 양면성

This study explored the background of the view of Nobi (奴婢) as a Cheonmin(天民) during the late Koryo(高麗) and the early Chosun(朝鮮) and the meaning of the double-sidedness of that view. The purpose of this research was mainly in understanding of the historical meaning of the late Koryo and the early Chosun period focusing on the view of Nobi based on neo-Confucianism(性理學).<BR> The newly growing Sadaebu(士大夫), who witnessed the Nobi problem of late Koryo period, argued the proper treatment of Nobi and the suppression against the Nobi ’s presumptuous behaviors. Their double-sided positions on the Nobi problem can be confirmed in the public notice of Gamchalsa(監察司), which was issued in 1339, and were further embodied in the Sinjin-sadaebu’s (新進士大夫) insistence on reformation of Nobi system, resulting in the double-sided view of Nobi as a Cheonmin(天民) at the end of the Koryo.<BR> In this context, the Nobi policy during the early Chosun period was also accompanied by a policy to treat Nobi like other commoners and to restrain Nobi ’s presumptuous behavior by establishing an order of status. In the same period, Yangban(兩班) class regarded Ki Tse(箕子)’s eight clauses law (八條法) as the origin of Dongguk Nobi(東國奴婢), and thought the existence of Nobi was helpful for the edification. The Yangban class’ perspective on Nobi could be possible because Nobi was defined as a Cheonmin, the object of edification placed below in the order of Cheonbun(天分). Therefore, the view of Nobi as a Cheonmin was the basis on which the Yangban class justified their domination of Nobi through the order of status set by the teachings of neo-Confucianism.<BR> The will of Yangban class to establish control over Nobi sometimes conflicted with that of the state(國家) to treat them as Gongmin(公民). The circumstances in which the state and the Saga (私家) clashed over the rule of Nobi were related to the doublesidedness of the view of Nobi as a Cheonmin. The state wanted to intervene in Saga’s control of Nobi, with the view that even if it was a Sano(私奴), it should receive the same reasonable treatment as ordinary people. On the other hand, Yangban class tried to stop the state from intervening, arguing that Nobi, who are Cheonmin, should be placed under the order of status because they are subject to edification.

Efficient Operating Control of Fire Protection of In-House Inspection Systems

Installation of ancillary facilities such as electrical rooms is crucial due to the complicated structure and division of the interior of a complex building. Furthermore, carbon-dioxide extinguishing systems are mainly installed in these ancillary facilities, and the number of systems installed has been increasing annually. Accordingly, the importance of in-house inspection is being emphasized. In this study, the literature and statistics related to the in-house inspection of fire-fighting facilities were reviewed. Based on the results, problems were derived from the overlap between in-house inspection and similar inspection, the installation location of the pressure switch, the installation standard of the air respirator, the safety awareness of people involved, and the technical qualification level of the in-house inspection assistant. Additionally, improvement measures to enact, amend, and establish public notices were proposed for self-inspection systems.

‘Please wear mask!’ Covid-19 in the translation landscape of Thessaloniki: a cross-disciplinary approach to the English translations of Greek public notices

ABSTRACT This paper examines the English translations of Greek Covid-19 notices in the city of Thessaloniki which either inform the public about the precautions necessary to avoid infection with Covid-19, how the pandemic has affected the running of a particular service or business or how a business can help with the pandemic. Ιt combines methods from linguistic landscape research, sociolinguistics, and the sociology of translation, in order to examine how business people and employees have translated notices from Greek into English with the aim of communicating information with non Greek-speaking visitors to the city in relation to the pandemic. The qualitative data that will be presented here include translated notices from local businesses and state-run services. The data and analysis show that these particular translations are typically carried out by non-professional translators with varying degrees of competence in English, who rely on their existing linguistic resources to achieve their communicative goals.

Collapsing electoral integrity in Mozambique

Excessive secrecy has always compromised the integrity of Mozambique’s elections. The National Elections Commission secretly changes results with no records kept nor any public notice that changes have been made. The official final results of the 2019 elections were changed three times by the Constitutional Council with no comment and identical document numbers. The political parties want a politicised electoral machine with party nominees to all electoral bodies, and integrity has steadily declined. By 2018-9 elections had become dominated by the ruling party, Frelimo, which was able to openly change the outcome of municipal elections and create 329 430 ghost voters in the national elections. Civil society observers had become an important check on elections; but in 2019, independent observation was blocked in several provinces and the head of civil society observation in one province was assassinated by a police hit squad. The judiciary, which ordered a rerun in one town in the 2013 municipal elections, has become politicised and will no longer intervene. This paper is an empirical account of those events.

BREVES APONTAMENTOS SOBRE A INSTITUCIONALIZAÇÃO DAS POLÍTICAS AFIRMATIVAS NA UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO PIAUÍ: EXPERIÊNCIAS COM AS BANCAS DE HETEROIDENTIFICAÇÃO

The article is about the institutionalization of affirmative policies at the State University Of Piaui (UESPI), that begining in 2008 with experiences in heteroidentification commissions that still have challenges for their improvement. These are the results of two surveys carried out by teachers, with students from the History and Social Sciences courses at UESPI as students. To this end, a bibliographical and official sources was carried out, based on documents obtained by UESPI, which deal with the access and permanence of black quota students from the last 12 years, such as public notices and academic records, among others. The result of the research points to an increasing number of students through the quota system for self-declared blacks since the beginning of the policy, until the year 2020 in all 12 campuses of the IES, but also for weaknesses on the part of the university regarding the records and monitoring, as well as the guarantee of the permanence of the quota holders, as recommended by State Law no 5.791 / 2008. (Law of reserve of social quotas for public higher education in the State of Piaui, Brazil). The analysis of part of the experiences of the racial heteroidentification process, its advances and institutional challenges, in order to understand the complexity that it involves as themes of racial quotas in higher education.

해사안전법상 항로지정방식 및 관리제도 개선방안에 관한 연구

The Maritime Safety Act sets up in the Korean waters three types of designated sea areas including the specific sea areas for traffic safety, the designated fairways, and the traffic separation scheme. In general, purpose of designation of such sea areas is to ensure safety of sea traffic by preventing ships from navigating specific areas and to reduce risk of accidents by controlling high density of traffic flows with designated routes. However, in contrast with this purpose, the current regime of designated sea areas would not effectively address this purpose. First, since designated sea areas and predetermined route are listed in different governmental documents including the presidential decree, enforcement rules, and public notice under the Maritime Safety Act, ship operators are often struggling to find relevant information for ship navigation in the designated sea areas within a proper time. Second, while in a specific designated sea areas, ship operators may have options of navigation within a predetermined route, considering their ships’ conditions and circumstances, this may cause the ship operators to decide different option from that of VTS operator. In this case, the law cannot be considered sufficiently clear so that it may be found void for vagueness under the Constitutional law. And, last, current provisions of domestic regulation for traffic separation scheme do not seem to be consistent with the international regulation on the basis of its interpretation. Thus, avoiding different application of traffic separation scheme by ocean-going vessels, this matter should be addressed in due course. In order to address these matters, this paper will discuss efficient management system for a single governmental documenting system for designated sea areas, and necessary amendment of provisions to the Maritime Safety Act of Korea.

Context and Accidental Humour: The Import of the Sociolinguistic Situation in Linguistic Errors on Public Signage in Kenya

This paper analyses the distinctive context surrounding the erroneous signage in certain public notices in Kenya. More specifically, it seeks to determine how contextual cues go a long way in assisting the reader to comprehend the distinctive genre of humour under consideration in this paper. Ostensibly, the linguistic landscape of Kenya is ridden in plenteous of signage containing numerous translational errors, which eventually yield accidental humour. In order to achieve the above requires the application of the General Verbal Theory of Humour by Attardo and Raskin (1991) to context where language use is put into consideration. The data was collected from the field by photographing erroneous signage where ten public notices were aptly analysed for their specious nature, which eventually resulted into accidental humour. Specifically, their unique context was further scrutinised to identify the precise components within which the author operated and an attempt to recover the lost interpretation in order to understand the resultant humour. Data presentation involved use of tables to summarise and indicate relationship of crucial contextual components. The paper sheds light on the importance of context to understand humour, enriches translational linguistics and boosts pedagogy in relation to language performance. The study concluded that specific category of humour in the selected signage in this paper requires a complete understanding of the author’s situational background. The study recommended that the types of linguistic incongruities as well as how they are resolved to produce accidental humour would go a long way in understanding this category of humour.

New Normal Context in Health Care Settings after COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Literature Review

COVID-19 is an infectious disease that rapidly developed into a pandemic status. This deemed a need for new strategies to carry out routine health care activities. The recent practices and adaptations of the system as a response to the pandemic status were called a new normal situation. The aim of the study was to describe principles for adaptation to a new normal context for health care settings in COVID-19 pandemic. This narrative review of literature was conducted based on policy documents, guidelines, and public notices issued by the government and other key policymakers from the United Kingdom, Australia, Singapore, and Canada between June 15, 2020, and July 15, 2020, available on their government websites. The study revealed several principles, namely, enhanced surveillance, phasedown strategy for restoring routine services, vulnerability, dynamics of the service demand, new principles in human resource management, infection control measures, supply and usage of personal protective equipment, demand for intensive-care unit bed capacity, coordination and collaboration internally and externally, promotion and utility of remote care, ensuring equity, pre-hospital communication and assessment before reaching service facility, enhancing clinician participation in local-level decision-making, and risk assessments within all levels of service facility. The results of this study exposed new principles that facilitated managerial decision-making to the adaptation of new strategies. This new normal context created many challenges for resource management, which needed to consider dynamics of demand of services, prevention of spreading infections, and readiness for surge of cases while safeguarding quality and safety.