City Public Transport Research Articles

Structure of Passenger Transport Service Utility for Population

Purpose. The research is aimed at the development of scientific and technological bases for determining the utility of passenger transport services for the population in the conditions of formation of phased quality management. Methodology. The structure of the utility of passenger transport services for the population is determined on the basis of developing a systematic representation of the characteristic impact of the perception of management decisions effectiveness for improving the quality of transport services on mobility. The account of complex system properties of city public passenger transport is realized by construction of interlevel interrelations and establishment of methodical regulations for coordinating the parameters of quality management of public transport service with the indicators of its utility perception. Findings. The presented logical sequence of population mobility formation is based on reproduction of the general conditions of increasing transport service utility due to step-by-step realization of control actions that makes it possible to establish conditions of their expediency and parameterization. A model of marginal utility has been developed to qualitatively assess the technological utility of urban public passenger transport. It is presented in the form of a category that reproduces the relationship between the result of changes in the quality of transport services, consumer utility of transport services and the level of resources used. Originality. The procedure for assessing the consumer utility of urban public passenger transport has been formalized, which, in contrast to the existing ones, is based on the established impact of technological parameters of routes on the formation of population mobility and ensures accounting of transport service quality indicators in determining the technological utility. Practical value. The application of the theory of utility in improving the operation of urban public passenger transport in general contributes to the development of the theory of passenger traffic management and can significantly increase the effectiveness of the choice of rational management measures to improve technological processes and the quality of transport services. The conditions for the formation of a positive impact of consumer utility of urban passenger transport on the mobility of the urban population are established. Based on the selected connection, it is possible to form a system of parameters for assessing the quality of public transport services.

Research and Simple Calculations on Public Transport Card Data

Big data is one of the hottest topics nowadays. Under the background of smart city and intelligent public transport, a large number of scholars begin to use big data of public transport in urban transport planning. This paper, combined with dozens of the latest journal papers, combined with their own understanding, focuses on the development of bus IC card big data, application status and research prospects, forming a reading report.

The Canadian pork industry and COVID‐19: A year of resilience

While COVID‐19 had the potential to be extremely disruptive to the Canadian pork supply chain, the sector showed resiliency by adjusting to market changes to ensure industry continuation. Unlike other non‐agricultural firms that were mandated to close at times, the pork sector was deemed an essential service and allowed to continue operating throughout the pandemic. Evidence of this resiliency is seen in three main ways. First, market access to the United States was maintained for both live pigs and pork exports. Second, Canada not only maintained market share in global pork exports, but it also actually increased shipments because of strong demand from China caused by African swine fever. Third, the challenges of processing plant closures and labour shortages were overcome in a variety of ways including increasing interprovincial shipments and increasing live pig exports to the United States. Pork consumption on a per capita basis continued the historical downward trend, and it is expected that consumers will return to their normal consumption patterns (e.g., dining at restaurants) despite job losses. At the meat processing level, it is anticipated that there will be an acceleration in the process to automate.

The effects of COVID-19 epidemic on public transport ridership and frequencies. A case study from Tampere, Finland

The COVID-19 epidemic has created unforeseen effects in public transport in cities around the world, including Tampere, where a 70% decrease in the number of passengers occurred in spring 2020. The purpose of this paper is to study changes in public transport ridership, frequencies, and average fill rates during the epidemic in May 2020 compared to normal circumstances in January 2020 using map-based analysis. We used data provided by Tampere regional transport to create the public transport network and to assess the frequencies, ridership and average fill rates in different areas of Tampere. The paper presents the method used to analyze how the modified frequencies meet the decreased demand of public transport in Tampere. These results indicate that the decrease in ridership was great in almost all areas, except some eastern parts of Tampere. The frequencies were decreased in all areas but kept at a sufficient level. When analyzing fill rates, we found that the bus lines coming from east of Tampere were more crowded on average during the COVID-19 epidemic in May compared to January. In other areas, fill rates were lower. The results suggest that in Tampere, frequencies were mostly managed to maintain at a sufficient service level. However, the analyses also reveal that frequencies were not adjusted successfully in all areas with high fill rates in some routes. It is important to notice, that the public transport planners were facing a deviant situation with COVID-19 and that in future, there will be more information to help decision-making.

Ways to Activate Urban Transport to Achieve Urban Sustainability

The past few decades have witnessed a significant increase in the number of cars at the expense of public transport, as a result of the economic development in cities, which was accompanied by the possibility of buying a private car on the one hand and the expansion and spread of the city on the other hand. Although public transportation is so important, it cannot be the only alternative in transportation.The research idea referred to achieving urban sustainability by increasing accessibility opportunities through activating the role of public transport and reducing the use of private cars to a minimum. Urban sustainability can be achieved in several ways, and the research assumes that one of these ways lies in activating the role of public transport in cities. The research tries to shed light on the role of direct public transportation in urban development. The research relied on its methodology on the statistical indicators and evidence contained in international scientific studies in this field. The research confirmed his hypothesis that transport has a very positive impact on achieving urban sustainability. Therefore, the role of public transport must be activated and opportunities for its success must be provided.

The Economic Effects of Electromobility in Sustainable Urban Public Transport

This paper focuses on effects of implementing zero-emission buses in public transport fleets in urban areas in the context of electromobility assumptions. It fills the literature gap in the area of research on the impact of the energy mix of a given country on the issues raised in this article. The main purpose of this paper is to identify and analyse economic effects of implementing zero-emission buses in public transport in cities. The research area was the city of Szczecin, Poland. The research study was completed using the following research methods: literature review, document analysis (legal acts and internal documents), case study, ratio analysis, and comparative analysis of selected variants (investment variant and base variant). The conducted research study has shown that economic benefits resulting from implementing zero-emission buses in an urban transport fleet are limited by the current energy mix structure of the given country. An unfavourable energy mix may lead to increased emissions of SO2 and CO2 resulting from operation of this kind of vehicle. Therefore, achieving full effects in the field of electromobility in the given country depends on taking concurrent actions in order to diversify the power generation sources, and in particular on increasing the share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES).

АНАЛИЗ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ОБЪЕМА РЫНКА ГРУЗОВЫХ ПЕРЕВОЗОК В РЕГИОНЕ С УЧЕТОМ ВЛИЯНИЯ ПАНДЕМИИ КОРОНОВИРУСА

The global transport and logistics system was one of the most affected areas as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. The negative effects are based on various factors, such as the closure of State borders, the introduction of restrictions on the movement of people and goods, the disruption of supply chains, and the decline in demand and purchasing power. The combination of these factors affected all types of transport – from the use of personal and public transport in cities to passenger and freight transport both within and between countries. The scale of negative consequences depends on the type of transport and the state's integration into the global transport and logistics system. However, transport as an industry should be more resilient to the consequences of any shocks, as it is one of the backbone sectors of the country's economy.The purpose of this article is to analyze the consequences of the crisis caused by the coronovirus pandemic for the rail freight transport market. The object of the study is the territorial center of branded transport services of the Southeastern railway. The subject of the study is analytical procedures and methods for processing data on the state and prospects of changes in the cargo market.

NEURAL NETWORK MODEL FOR PREDICTING PASSENGER CONGESTION TO OPTIMIZE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT FOR URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT

The development of public transport in cities is an effective way to reduce “congestion” in the road network and, as a result, increase the speed of passenger transportation. Improving the qua¬lity of urban bus services helps attract more passengers. Bus intervals are calculated once for each route line individually, based on the average congestion of passengers at the stops. In turn, the sudden accumulation of a large number of passengers at bus stops causes that not all passengers can move in a timely manner, which causes concern for passengers. This is one of the factors that redu¬ces the quality of passenger transport services. The aim of the study is to develop a model for predicting the congestion of passengers at bus stops to optimize traffic management of urban public transport. Materials and methods. This article presents a neural network model for predicting passenger congestion at bus stops. It takes into account the spatio-temporal characteristics of bus traffic. Results. The developed model for predicting passenger congestion at bus stops was tested on real data from bus route 3 (Dushanbe, Tajikistan). The model made it possible to predict passenger traffic (the number of passengers at bus stops) with an accuracy of 72% to 74.5% of the actual number of passengers at bus stops. Conclusion. The proposed method, in contrast to other methods, allows you to automatically adapt the forecasting model to the changing conditions of the route line. This method is universal and can be used for other route lines (bus stops). It does not require much time to reconfigure.

Social norms as a cost-effective measure of managing transport demand: Evidence from an experiment on the London underground

Demand for public transport in cities has been and is projected to increase, putting existing transport networks under increasing strain. Nudging passengers to behave in certain ways through the creation of a salient social norm has the potential to be a cost-effective mechanism to manage transport demand. Transport for London (TfL) implemented in the second half of 2017 an experiment on one of its busiest metro train platforms. The platform surface was painted to highlight the exact location of the train doors once it comes to a full stop and to direct passengers to wait in parts of the platform that would not obstruct passengers from alighting from the train and leaving the platform. Drawing on millions of individual train waiting times, we estimate the effect of this intervention to change passenger behaviour on the platform on train waiting and delay times. We use different sets of assumptions about what the counterfactual change in waiting and delay times would have been in the absence of the intervention. The intervention has reduced train waiting times by up to 6.6%. This reduction came about mainly through reducing delay times of trains once they are delayed. The reductions tend to occur during peak traffic hours. The implied cost-savings amount to a return of £6 per £1 investment.

Mobility Behaviour in View of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic—Public Transport Users in Gdansk Case Study

The COVID-19 pandemic, like an earthquake, shocked our civilization and is still having a devastating effect on our lives. Guaranteeing an appropriate level of safety in the conditions of an epidemic is a highly problematic issue due to the subjectivism of social individuals, their diverse attitudes, and past life experiences. Taking into account the World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines regarding the pandemic, authorities all around the world have reacted by issuing the necessary sets of advice and legal acts. This resulted in immediate and severe implications on mobility styles. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on mobility behaviours with special regard to public transport users, in terms of their willingness to travel and their safety criteria perceptions. The city of Gdańsk, in Poland, located on the Baltic Sea, has been taken as an example. The hypothesis was as follows: the epidemic phenomenon may substantially affect mobility behaviours in terms of subjective levels of safety and the mental comfort of public transport users, resulting in avoiding this form of transport. In accordance with the survey results, carried out among the users, 90% of respondents resigned or limited their usage. Almost 75% of them plan to return to using public transport when the epidemic situation has stabilized. The others, unfortunately, have completely lost hope that public transport will ever be safe. These results indicate decisively that the future of public transport in cities, and the willingness of passengers to use it once the epidemic is over, depends majorly on the perceived comfort and safety during the epidemic. This means that transport policies should be focused on enhancing these perceptions and making sure that the image of public transport is not in further decline; otherwise, it could mean an almost impossible effort to encourage passengers to return to using sustainable modes of transport in the future.

Аналіз індикаторів сталого розвитку міської пасажирської транспортної системи

Establishing the main attributes of population mobility is one of the most important indicators of urban development, which has been studied by domestic and foreign scientists for use in the practice of urban transport planning and the development of sustainable transport systems. Mobility characteristics are also an important source and result for the development of changes in the city master plan and the creation of new management decisions in the operation and operation of the route network of urban passenger transport. However, at the present stage of implementation of transport studies of urban population movement requires consideration of indicators of sustainable development of urban transport systems. In this regard, a study of the functioning of the passenger transport system of public transport in the city of Rivne in terms of the development of the principles of sustainable urban mobility. The use of the system of indicators of sustainable development of urban passenger transport system allows to assess the current situation in the city and outline promising areas for improving the public transport system in conjunction with the spatial development of urban areas to ensure comfortable movement of residents to meet labor and cultural movements. The questionnaire "Study of mobility of the population in the city of Rivne" was used as initial data for definition of indicative indicators of functioning of passenger transport system of public transport of the city of Rivne, in the context of its sustainable development. Three indicative parameters are taken into account, namely: the indicator of access to mobility services, the indicator of the possibility of active mobility and the indicator of the level of satisfaction with public transport. Based on the calculated values of indicative indicators, it can be argued that some indicators of sustainable urban mobility for the city of Rivne are of mediocre importance. This indicates the need to develop strategic measures to improve the city's public passenger transport system in conjunction with its spatial development to increase the comfort of movement of residents of all groups.

ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЙ ПАССАЖИРСКИЙ ТРАНСПОРТ ОБЩЕГО ПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ КАК ОСНОВА МАРШРУТНОЙ СЕТИ В СРЕДНИХ И КРУПНЫХ ГОРОДАХ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

The relevance of optimization of the Berezniki public transport route network is caused by an annual growth of city routes length, particularly, by the enlargement of bus routes and the uneven distribution of passenger traffic. The paper determines methods of optimization of public city passenger transport for the current transport demand. On the example of development of the Berezniki route network the authors have analysed the topology of routing and the city cartogram. On the basis of the study results they have proposed measures on the optimization of the route network for the public city transport. The novelty of the study is in the use of algorithms and methods of optimization of transport systems developed by the authors at conducting design and research works in the cities of the Russian Federation — Perm, Ekaterinburg, Samara, Kurgan, Yoshkar-Ola and Simferopol.

Intelligent City Traffic Scheduling Optimization Based on Internet of Things Communication

The application of Internet of Things technology in the construction of smart city traffic system is the inevitable choice of smart city traffic system to promote the development of road traffic in the process of urban development. First of all, the traffic in the city, on the basis of the research background and significance, research on the Internet of Things, and wisdom of the construction of the urban traffic are summarized and analyzed; secondly, on the basis of requirement analysis and feasibility analysis, combined with the principles and goals of the construction of the system, the establishment of the model of urban traffic based on Internet of Things and the city’s architecture based on Internet of Things intelligent urban traffic system and design are put forward. Finally, an improved ant colony algorithm is proposed in the aspect of system optimal path algorithm, and its superiority is verified. The results show that complementary networks can significantly improve the robustness of networks. These conclusions provide a theoretical basis for the construction of smart city public transport network traffic scheduling and provide model support for the operation and management of smart city public transport.

Электронный контроль диспетчерского расписания как средство уменьшения выбросов вредных веществ в атмосферу

Introduction. Environmental contamination by vehicles is one of the main and important questions. Road transport is on the first place by quantity of harmful substances released into the atmosphere. The railway transportation pollutes environment by 3 %, planes — by 6 % from the total amount of pollution. The rest is motor transport. As it is known, the maximum quantity of harmful substances is thrown out in an idle mode of work of the engine, i.e. at idle times at stops. The improvement of an ecological situation on transport highways is possible by the optimization of movement of city public transport. Problem Statement. The task was to develop a project that allows you to eliminate violations of the dispatch schedule of city buses. It is proposed to use the computer program "Line Dispatcher" developed by the authors and a mobile application to monitor the compliance with the dispatch schedule. Theoretical Part. The field observations carried out on one of the most intense sections of the transport arteries of Rostov-on-Don — the ring at the intersection of Vavilova and Koroleva streets — show how many buses produce harmful emissions only on one section, stand idle at the stop, do not fulfill the dispatching schedule, and, thereby, worsen the environmental situation in the city. The authors have developed a computer program "Line Dispatcher", which allows you to: download a map of the city or a district, the information about the stops on the route and the timetable; choose the desired route; monitor the movement of the bus according to the schedule. The mobile app can be installed on any smartphone of the driver and dispatcher. Conclusion. A practical solution is proposed to optimize the activity of public transport, which will eliminate downtime at stops due to electronic control of the dispatch schedule and reduce emissions of harmful substances by urban public transport.

Trolleybus power supply system with high-voltage battery

Public transport in cities in recent years has received more attention to increase the comfort of life in megacities. The economic and environmental performance of cities can be improved by efficiently connecting public transport resources and increasing vehicle mobility. Over the last two decades, there has been a huge increase in population in developing countries. Population growth has led to an increase in demand for mobility. If the transport infrastructure is not able to meet the requirements, it leads to an increase in the waiting time for public transport and congestion on the streets. Public transport can be more attractive by providing door-to-door mobility, and the development of transport services is an important factor for life in megacities. Transport sustainability, environmental conditions, health and economic well-being can be enhanced by moving to more mobile public transport. Simply put, mobility by public transport makes it possible to reduce the adverse effects of car use on the environment and health. The level of mobility of the city can be improved by providing a well-organized transport system. Therefore, the accessibility of public transport stops, the connectivity of public transport modes and the mobility of the system should be considered to ensure a user-friendly public transport system. The purpose of this article is to create a trolleybus power supply system with a high-voltage battery, which would reduce the load on the network during vehicle acceleration, and with the help of an additional converter was able to recover energy during braking to the battery. Therefore, the article considered the modes of movement of the trolleybus and on the basis of these data proposed a power supply system using a rechargeable battery. This type of vehicle power supply will increase the mobility of the trolleybus due to the use of a power battery, which in turn is useful in traffic jams, accidents, as well as in the absence of a network. The calculation of inverters required for the operation of such a system is shown. The control will take place by means of a relay control, which will allow the trolleybus to move autonomously, as well as allow it to store energy to the battery.

Analiza prometnih pokazatelja na sveučilišnom Kampusu – studija slučaja na Građevinskom fakultetu u Rijeci

Prometno-prostorno planiranje je kontinuirani postupak kojeg je potrebno neprestano unaprjeđivati na temelju analize pokazatelja funkcioniranja sustava. Prema saznanju autora, prilikom planiranja prostora Kampusa Sveučilišta u Rijeci, a ni u vremenu korištenja, nisu detaljno analizirani prometni pokazatelji u svrhu osiguranja više razine pristupačnosti prostora te većeg zadovoljstva korisnika. U radu je prikazana analiza rezultata istraživanja provedenog u ožujku 2020. godine na Građevinskom fakultetu u Rijeci među studentima i zaposlenicima Fakulteta putem online ankete. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi prometne navike ciljane skupine ispitanika vezanih uz njihova dnevna putovanja prema Kampusu. Uz opća obilježja ispitanika i osnovne prometne pokazatelje, kao što su stupanj motorizacije i učestalost korištenja javnog gradskog prijevoza, ispitanici su odgovarali i na specifična pitanja vezana uz korištenje prometne infrastrukture za dolazak na Kampus u prosječnom radnom danu i ocjenjivali kvalitetu postojećeg prometnog sustava s aspekta javnog gradskog prijevoza, infrastrukture za parkiranje te pješačkog i biciklističkog prometa. Na temelju prikupljenih odgovora analizirane su prometne navike studenata i zaposlenika Građevinskog fakulteta u Rijeci te su ispitane korelacije obilježja ispitanika i specifičnih prometnih pokazatelja orijentiranih na putovanja prema Kampusu, a koje mogu pomoći u definiranju budućih planova rekonstrukcije i dogradnje prometne infrastrukture.

The Resolution of Ojek Online Vs. Traditional Public Transportation Conflict

Nowadays, the demand for people mobility is getting higher. The breakthrough of online application-based transportation innovation such as Go-Jek combining transportation with communication technology through smartphone requires the people to decide which transportation is most compatible to their need. The presence of something innovative in many areas can get resistance, so can the presence of ojek online (online taxibike) in Garut Regency getting resistance from conventional transportation, particularly ojek pangkalan (base taxibike) and city public transportation (angkot) ending up with conflict. This research aims to provide an alternative solution by means of organizing conflict mapping, conflict resolution process, and conflict resolution. Research method employed was qualitative approach, while data was obtained through observation and interview with 8 informants. The result of research showed that factors becoming the main source of conflict are social factor related to the passenger preferring ojek online, ojek online picking up passenger in ojek pangkalan and city public transportation areas and economic factor including cheaper tariff of ojek online.

Efficiency assessment in transport service provision for the population of Orel city

The article discusses the main methods for quality of passenger traffic assessment, presents the main advantages and disadvantages of these methods. The questionnaire for interviewing passengers was developed, which includes questions about the gender and age of passengers, their social standing, the frequency of passenger transport use and its attractiveness to consumers. The efficiency of city public transport functioning assessment methodology based on the results of a survey of passengers using elements of the “Google Forms” service was also offered in the article.

Evaluation of passenger satisfaction of urban multi-mode public transport.

The scientific evaluation of passenger satisfaction for public transport is helpful to enhance the attraction of public transport. To improve the accuracy of passenger satisfaction evaluation for public transport and the scientificity and objectivity of the index weighting, combining the characteristics of analytic hierarchy process (AHP), entropy weight method (EWM) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation(FCE) method, the passenger satisfaction evaluation system for Ningbo’s urban public transportation was built. The paper analyzed 5046 questionnaires on conventional bus transit and 1682 questionnaires on rail transit in Ningbo city, Passenger satisfaction for Ningbo city’s public transport was evaluated comprehensively, and the evaluation results showed that the overall passenger satisfaction of the public transport in Ningbo was 91.2 in 2019, The case study shows that the application of the AHP-EWM-FCE model on the multi-mode public transport system can objectively quantify passengers’ feelings about urban public transport service, and thus provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of passenger satisfaction in Ningbo.

Characterising variability and predictors of infant mortality in urban settings: findings from 286 Latin American cities

BackgroundUrbanisation in Latin America (LA) is heterogeneous and could have varying implications for infant mortality (IM). Identifying city factors related to IM can help design policies that promote infant health...