Public Authorities Of Ukraine Research Articles

Trends in the formation of state policy in the human resources management in public and local government authorities of Ukraine

This article substantiates the essence and problems of state policy in the human resources management in public and local government authorities of Ukraine. The quality of specialist training for work in public and local government authorities is analyzed and the ways to improve the level of personnel professional competence are determined. The main problems of human resources management in the system of public authorities are covered. They are adaptation of state policy in the human resources management, increase in the demands and responsibility of the civil servant for the quality of tasks performed, etc. The purpose of the human resources management is to provide personnel, organize its effective use, professional and social development. Therefore, the task of this article is to determine the main directions of restructuring the human resources to improve the functioning, to expand the functional responsibilities of employees of relevant services, to increase their independence in solving problems of human resources management. The unresolved parts of the general problem are considered: the creation of a professional institute of public service; ensuring its effectiveness; the issue of improving the functioning of human resources of public authorities in Ukraine given modern achievements of the theory and practice of human resources management remains relevant. The changes in human resources in public authorities for the purpose of modernization of the legislation of Ukraine on public service and service in local government authorities are studied. The directions of improving the modern management system in public authorities to form the effective public policy are proposed.

Higher Education Institutions in Ukraine during the Coronavirus, or COVID-19, Outbreak: New Challenges vs New Opportunities

In a matter of weeks the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has changed students’ way of learning across the globe. These changes let us envisage how education can modify for better or otherwise for worse over the long term. COVID-19 2019/2020 has encouraged Higher Education Institutions in Ukraine to make innovative decisions in a relatively short period of time. To provide distance education in Ukrainian universities during the quarantine there have been introduced offline and online courses through various web servers, platforms, resources, and social media: Moodle, Zoom, Skype, Viber, Telegram, Messenger, Google-class etc. The summarized results of the questionnaire among Ukrainian students provided an opportunity to identify difficulties and benefits of introduced distance-learning. The sources to provide the information for this work included regulations issued by public authorities in Ukraine (Head of State, executive and legislative bodies) as well as directives to administrations of Ukrainian higher education institutions.

CURRENT STATE OF TRANSPARENCY OF PUBLIC FINANCES OF UKRAINE

Transparency in public finances is one of the main features of a mature democratic society, as well as one of the main tools for reducing corruption in the country. The level of transparency in the formation and use of budget funds at the state and local levels affects the effectiveness of financial policy in the country. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to determine the current state of transparency in the formation of the state budget of Ukraine. The article conducted a comprehensive study of the level of transparency of public finances at the macro level. The dynamics of changes in the qualitative level of transparency of legislative and executive bodies during the period of Ukraine's participation in the international organization of monitoring the publicity of the government before the public is analyzed. In particular, the authors analyzed the dynamics of the budget openness index in comparison with other countries and the integrated assessment of budget transparency for the period from 2008 to 2019. In addition, the level of public participation in budget formation at different stages of the budget process was studied. There is a positive trend of improving the level of openness of public authorities in Ukraine in the formation and use of public finances. This, in turn, is part of a global trend. The article presents a description of the main documents that serve as indicators of informing the public about the state of the budget, the level of its implementation, the formation of the budget for future periods and the budget process in general. It is determined that the system of transparent and accessible public accountability for the formation and use of public finances has not been formed yet. The results of the study can be the basis for developing measures to increase the level of transparency of public authorities in Ukraine. According to the study, a high level of transparency becomes the basis for public support for the government, provided that the government does not abuse its powers, or conversely becomes an incentive for active public participation in political and economic life to improve or change government. According to the results of the research, a system of measures of priority importance is proposed.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ТА РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ КАДРОВОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ В ОРГАНАХ ПУБЛІЧНОЇ ВЛАДИ: ВІТЧИЗНЯНИЙ ТА ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ДОСВІД

Personnel policy is formed by the state, namely the legislative and executive authorities, the management of state enterprises. It finds its expression in a set of administrative and moral and ethical norms of conduct of civil servants. The article reveals the issues of formation and implementation of personnel policy in public authorities, studies the experience of implementation of personnel policy in foreign countries and analyzes the current state of personnel policy in Ukraine. Examples of implementation of personnel policy of such countries as the USA, Japan, France, Switzerland, Canada, Ireland, Singapore are considered. The system of training of civil servants depending on the type of state - unitary or federal, as well as depending on the type of civil service is studied. Changes in the system of socio-political system raise the question of compliance of public authorities with professional management activities aimed at meeting new social needs. As a result, there is a need for quality staff renewal through the training of highly qualified personnel, skillful management of human resources, effective use of knowledge, skills and abilities, stimulating professional development and career growth. The issues raised in the article are important, as at the present stage of development of the statehood of Ukraine, addressing the issue of staffing in the field of public administration is becoming one of the priorities. It is important to study foreign experience in the implementation of personnel policy. The analysis of experience will allow comparing the results of personnel policy of Ukraine and other countries and applying adapted methods and tools in the formation and implementation of personnel policy in public authorities of Ukraine. Skillfully implemented personnel policy will promote the use of labor resources to realize national interests, taking into account the needs of the country's economy, its competitiveness in the international field. That will make it possible to build a modern state governed by the rule of law, in which a special role will be assigned to the civil service in ensuring the integrity of the state as an institution; legality of political decisions; implementation of constitutional guarantees of citizens.

Стан розвитку деліберативної демократії в Україні

The relevance of the state of deliberative democracy development in Ukraine is connected with the low efficiency of interaction between civil society and public authorities in Ukraine, as well as the inadequate level of functioning of existing deliberative democracy instruments. Since the decision-making system that was developed in recent years in Ukraine does not provide a rational approach, but is based on a one-sided understanding of political realities without taking into account the views of civil society, it is necessary to explore the deliberative democracy in Ukrain, by which the author understands the model of democracy, which is based on institutionalized dialogue between government and civil society, rational discourse, discussion, persuasion, argumentation, compromise, in which compliance ensures rational decisions. The comparative method was used in comparing the procedural consolidation and, in particular, the actual holding of public hearings by the Ternopil City Council and the Ladyzhyn City Council. The structural-functional method allowed to study the main mechanisms of deliberative democracy (local initiatives, general meetings of citizens, public hearings) as a factor in increasing the level of citizen involvement in political decision-making. Based on this, an absence of the mechanism to control the decision-making process on local initiatives was identified. The article proved the incapacity of deliberative instruments in Ukraine, without overcoming which it is impossible to count not only on the ideal, but also, at least, on the optimal model of development of deliberative democracy. As a result, the author presented ways to improve the legal regulation of the general meetings of citizens at the place of residence in order to increase the level of citizens involvement in the deliberative discourse in Ukraine.

COORDINATION IN FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF UKRAINE: REGULATORY LEGAL MECHANISM

Swift global transformations in international relations; the emergence of new communications that provide instant dissemination and transfer of information; increase number of international actors - all above mentioned put on the agenda further search for more effective forms and mechanisms for coordinating activities of public authorities in foreign relations for both Ukraine as well as any other country. Research of the regulatory legal mechanism of coordination of the activities of public authorities of Ukraine in foreign relations shows that Ukraine belongs to a group of countries with a "rigid" form of coordination, that is characterized by stringently regulated sphere of foreign relations, broad powers conferred on the center of coordination as well as the mandatory accountability of all authorities to this center. It was also found that the vast majority of regulations are a post factum reaction to certain violations made by the authorities whose international activity was not agreed with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and caused negative consequences for Ukraine's image on the international arena. The above indicates that the current level of coordination of activity of state authorities of Ukraine in the sphere of foreign relations is characterized (by a scale developed by Professor of the University of Lausanne Dietmar Brown) as "negative" administrative coordination.

Talent management in public authorities

Problem setting. Under the conditions of the intense labour market and fierce competition, talented and highly productive workers, who can learn quickly and adapt to rapid changes in the environment, and possess a range of unique skills, knowledge and competence in a particular field are particularly valuable. It was these employees who led the emergence of the new term “war for talent”, which initiated the formation of a whole direction in approaches to personnel management, namely talent management. Because of this, there is a necessity for a deeper understanding of the essence of the talent and the talented employee, as well as the identification of the talent management process as a separate area not only in the business sphere but also the formation of the concept of talent management for its practical application in public authorities. Recent research and publications analysis testified that an important role in the study of the talent management system in general and, in particular, in Ukraine, is played by an analysis of the world experience in this field since there are very few own developments and works. The fundamental bases of talent management are embedded and developed in the research and scientific works of well-known practitioners and researchers, such as M. Armstrong, J. Billberry, L. Jeffrey, S. Zelinskyi, E. Michaels and H. Hendfield-Jones, A. Robertson and G. Abby and others. Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. Concerning Ukraine, it should be noted that due to the outdated personnel management system existing in domestic organizations, especially in the public sector, this topic is not yet mature enough for a deep study, which, in turn, determines the necessity to research the theoretical aspects of the concept of talent management and to generalize the factors that stipulate the need to implement these processes in Ukraine. Paper main body. Today, more and more companies are realizing the necessity to reorient HR management to the concept of managing talented employees. Talent is the set of human abilities, inherent in his/her giftedness, skills, knowledge, experience, intelligence, prudence, character and energy, as well as the ability to learn and grow. Talent management is a purposeful activity aimed at creating a system of recruitment, development, use and retention of talented employees capable of achieving the best results in the work. With the adoption of up-to-date and topical regulations on personnel management in public authorities in Ukraine, there will be very specific chances to create a truly professional, qualified, stable and politically neutral state apparatus. In this regard, in recent years, there has arisen a necessity in strengthening the strategic role of HRM services in the public administration system, focusing them on organizational and analytical work in personnel management, planning the career of civil servants, forecasting staff development and providing training opportunities. The public authorities of Ukraine do not currently have a system and strategic foundations for talent management. In this context, it is important to talk not only about structural changes but about deep transformation, about values and principles of work of a civil servant, about the introduction of effective methods of motivation and complex approach to assessing personnel activity through the usage of quantitative and qualitative methods of assessment at all levels in the system of public authorities. The introduction of modern practices and technologies of personnel management in the system of public authorities, as well as the creation of separate structural units for the talent management, will improve the personnel management system at public service, ensure an objective process of recruitment and service career, and also strengthen the professional level and its competitiveness in the labour market. Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Basing on the above mentioned, it can be noted that the issues outlined in our study require elaboration and solution at the scientific, theoretical and applied levels, and special attention has to be paid to the unification of the conceptual-categorial system, which is necessary for the harmonization of the processes of forming an effective model of talent management in the public authorities of Ukraine.

Actual problems of defining the legal status of cryptocurrencies in the context of forming a digital interdependence (economic law aspect)

The article discusses current approaches to determining the legal status of cryptocurrencies in order to create effective mechanisms of economic and legal support for their use in Ukraine. Attention is drawn to such a necessary factor as cooperation in the digital sphere between the state, individuals, and groups in the context of the «digital interdependence» paradigm, which was formulated at the #EuroDig2019 UN Digital Interdependence Report. The process of transformation of existing approaches to defining the economic and legal nature of cryptocurrencies by leading countries and international financial regulators is analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of using cryptocurrencies have been systematized, as well as the genesis of such cryptocurrency as Bitcoin. It is determined that cryptocurrency is a new stage after the first electronic money, as well as the main advantages of its use, namely: instantaneous speed of payments (from a few seconds to several minutes); absence of transaction commission; anonymity of calculations; irreversibility of payments; no need to convert to the currency of the country of production of payments, a high degree of security of operations. The previous attempts of public authorities in Ukraine to establish a legal regime for the cryptocurrency market by adopting relevant regulatory legal acts in this area are analyzed. The ways of optimization of the legislation on cryptocurrencies in Ukraine are proposed in order to significantly enhance the innovative component of the Ukrainian economy and create competitive advantages for economic entities

РОЗВИТОК АУТСОРСИНГУ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТУ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ОРГАНІВ ПУБЛІЧНОЇ ВЛАДИ: ВІТЧИЗНЯНИЙ ТА ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ АСПЕКТИ

The article is devoted to the actual problem of outsourcing development in Ukraine. The essence of the concept of «outsourcing» is substantiated and its main features are defined. The feasibility of outsourcing some functions of public authorities to ensure their effective operation and the practice of this type of cooperation in Ukraine and the world has been investigated. The problems and prospects of outsourcing development in the public authorities of Ukraine are outlined. The necessity to support the state of this line of activity, to improve the control over outsourcer activity and to improve the quality of partnership relations, as well as the need to improve Ukrainian legislation in the field of outsourcing, have been proved.

УПОРЯДКУВАННЯ ПОЛЯ ФУНКЦІЙ СИСТЕМИ ОРГАНІВ ПУБЛІЧНОЇ ВЛАДИ В УМОВАХ ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ

УПОРЯДКУВАННЯ ПОЛЯ ФУНКЦІЙ СИСТЕМИ ОРГАНІВ ПУБЛІЧНОЇ ВЛАДИ В УМОВАХ ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ

Аналіз процесів формування та реалізації компетенцій органів публічної влади та їх посадових осіб за суб’єктивними оцінками експертів

Висвітлено окремі аспекти та оцінки процесів формування та реалізації компетенції органів публічної влади та їх посадових осіб за соціологічними та статистичними показниками. Узагальнено чинники, які формують сутність компетенції органів публічної влади та їх посадових осіб. Виявлено рейтинг найактуальніших обставин, від яких залежить реалізація функцій органів публічної влади. З’ясовано, за узагальненнями експертного опитування, актуальні проблемні питання та впливові загрози у процесах формування та реалізації компетенцій органів публічної влади. У відсотковому вимірі показано оцінку рівня відповідності наявних повноважень службовців некерівного складу до задекларованих цілей та мети діяльності органів публічної влади, в яких здійснюється професійна діяльність. Виявлено очікування експертного середовища щодо можливого результату здійснення розмежування компетенцій органів публічної влади.

WAYS OF CONFRONTING CORRUPTION AND BRIBERY IN THE BODIES OF THE STATE AUTHORITY

The article outlines the problems of corruption and bribery in public authorities in Ukraine. The destructive influence of corruption provokes and deepens the social crisis, undermines the image of the Civil Service of Ukraine, and holds back the socio-economic development of the country. Currently, corruption in Ukraine is called one of the most significant threats to national security. The aim of this article is to substantiate main directions and means of confronting corruption and bribery in the system of state authorities in Ukraine. The object of the research is the social relations that arise in the process of counteracting corruption and bribery. The methodology of the research is based on the fundamental provisions of the public administration theory, as well as on the concepts developed both by the Ukrainian and foreign researchers and practitioners aimed at preventing and counteracting corruption. Main theoretical provisions and conclusions of the article highlight effective measures of preventing and counteracting corruption in state authorities in Ukraine. The results of the research can be useful for the public administration bodies when developing and implementing anti-corruption programs or laws and regulations on the issues of forming an anticorruption consciousness of citizens and state authority officials. Value/originality. The article outlines the economic-mathematical model of “bribe maximization”, which takes into account the limitations of the possibility of offering and agreeing to receive a bribe. The model is the basis, which proves that the most effective way of fighting corruption is streamlining the efforts of the authorities on creating a competitive environment: “economic benefit – the risk of punishment”. These conditions decrease the officials’ interest to receive bribes since their size ceases to compensate for the risk of disclosure, detention, and punishment. Meanwhile, the series of other practices are also important, namely: building a holistic legal system based on integrity; introduction of mechanisms of accountability and responsibility of officials; cooperation with civil society and the private sector; adaptation of international experience to national realities; identification of “high risk zones” for diverting there main efforts and resources.

Меритократичний підхід до добору на публічну службу

У статті розкрито переваги оцінювання персоналу органів публічної влади в Україні та меритократичного підходу до формування корпусу публічної служби на різних етапах службової кар’єри. Визначено його роль та пріоритетні напрями запровадження з урахуванням зарубіжного досвіду у контексті реалізації реформи публічної служби в Україні. Обґрунтовано необхідність розподілу на об’єктні напрямки оцінювання тих чи інших властивостей особи, серед яких вбачаються такі рівні: психофізіологічний – оцінювання стану здоров’я, психологічних якостей та здібностей кандидата; соціальний – оцінювання здатності працювати в колективі, біографічних відомостей; збір попередньої інформації про кандидата; перевірка інформації про кандидата; професійний – оцінювання відповідності загальним та спеціальним вимогам до посади; державницький – оцінювання морально-психологічної стійкості, рівня антикорупційної свідомості тощо. Запропоновано заходи щодо застосування кадрових технологій під час оцінювання персоналу публічної служби. Доведено, що тільки системний підхід до вирішення проблеми добору персоналу на посади публічних службовців, від оцінювання психофізіологічних здібностей до антикорупційної діагностики, у контексті реалізації загальних завдань «селекції» публічних службовців дозволить забезпечити успіх і ефективність реформ, які здійснюються на новому етапі державотворення України.

Problems of integration, education and spiritual development of the individual in civil society for example roma national minority in the second half of XX – beg. of ХХІ century

The article discusses numerous problems in the roma national minority in Transcarpathia around the turn of the XX–XXI centuries. At the time of the formation of the multi-structural economy, the public authorities of Ukraine have to help roma ethnos to become firmly on its feet, reborn, find their rightful place in society.

Відновлення довіри до органів публічної влади як умова успішності реформ в Україні

Стаття присвячена проблематиці відновлення довіри до органів публічної влади України як одного із ключових чинників у процесі реалізації державних реформ. Наводяться дані соціологічних досліджень, які свідчать, що рівень довіри українців до державних та політичних інститутів впав до історичного мінімуму на сучасному етапі державотворення. Розглядається один із перспективних методів відновлення довіри та формування конструктивних суспільних відносин на основі польського досвіду реалізації соціальних проектів. Обґрунтовано, що довіру громадян до публічної влади слід розглядати, по-перше, як один із основних чинників підвищення суспільного добробуту, а по-друге, як рушійну силу ефективного суспільного розвитку через реалізацію державних реформ.

Практики реалізації технологій електронного врядування в системі державного управління України

У статті виявлено особливості впровадження технологій «електронного врядування» в Україні та обґрунтовано необхідність залучення кращих практик «електронного врядування» в систему державного управління. З’ясовано, що електронне урядування все ширше впроваджується в органах державної влади і місцевого самоврядування в Україні. Зокрема, в Україні створено Національний центр е-врядування для сприяння впровадженню інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій в щоденну практику органів державної влади в Україні; за підтримки Державного агентства з питань науки, інновацій та інформатизації України, Державного підприємства «Державний центр інформаційних ресурсів України» та Програми розвитку ООН в Україні створено портал знань. Також наведено приклади розвитку електронного урядування в окремих регіонах України, що свідчить про ефективність електронного врядування як інструменту підвищення якості всіх видів державних послуг, розвитку прямого діалогу влади з громадянами. Здійснено висновок про необхідність удосконалення нормативно-правових актів у цій сфері, чіткого окреслення мети, тактики та стратегії реалізації електронного урядування, для цього слід визначитись із завданнями, практичними кроками та інструментами реалізації таких дій. Зважаючи на щорічне покращення умов для впровадження електронного урядування, практична реалізація е-урядування в Україні є завданням реальним у найближчій перспективі.

МІСЦЕВЕ САМОВРЯДУВАННЯ В СИСТЕМІ ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ

The article is devoted to the issues of local self-government in the system of public administration, because local self-government is one of the key elements of the domestic system of public administration and in turn has its own material, financial and human resources, its own infrastructure. It has been studied that Ukraine has extensive historical experience in the functioning of local self-government on different models, each of which was spread over a certain historical period or in a certain territory of our state. It is determined that the Ukrainian state has repeatedly tried not only to reform its public administration system, but also to reform all socio-political and socio-economic processes. An example of such a model is the modern European model of public governance "Good Governance". It is described that local public authorities in Ukraine continue to be in a state of constant search and implementation of modern innovative approaches to the activities of local governments of Ukraine. Overcoming the problems of old and inefficient management models and methods that do not meet the requirements of modern communities is possible only by developing high-quality and effective support of local government in the context of modern realities. The standardized definitions of the term "local self-government" in various Laws of Ukraine are presented and a more attractive interpretation of this term in the context of this article is revealed. It is proposed to create a so-called "community" model of local self-government, which will highlight not the management processes, but the needs of the community and residents, as well as enable them to influence the decisions of local governments. It is taken into account that local self-government as a component in the system of public power requires detailed analysis in order to further synthesize the effective structure and the corresponding set of public administration functions and powers, taking into account historical and foreign experience, constant search and development.