Psychophysiological Adaptation Research Articles

Cardiac vagal activity changes moderated the association of cognitive and cerebral hemodynamic variations in the prefrontal cortex

Phasic cardiac vagal activity (CVA), reflecting ongoing, moment-to-moment psychophysiological adaptations to environmental changes, can serve as a predictor of individual difference in executive function, particularly executive performance. However, the relationship between phasic CVA and executive function demands requires further validation because of previous inconsistent findings. Moreover, it remains unclear what types of phasic changes of CVA may be adaptive in response to heightened executive demands. This study used the standard N-back task to induce different levels of working memory (WM) load and combined functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) with a multipurpose polygraph to investigate the variations of CVA and its interactions with cognitive and prefrontal responses as executive demands increased in fifty-two healthy young subjects. Our results showed phasic decreases in CVA as WM load increased (t (51) = -3.758, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.526). Furthermore, phasic changes of CVA elicited by increased executive demands moderated the association of cognitive and cerebral hemodynamic variations in the prefrontal cortex (B = 0.038, SE = 0.014, p < 0.05). Specifically, as executive demands increased, individuals with larger phasic CVA withdrawal showed a positive relationship between cognitive and hemodynamic variations in the prefrontal cortex (β = 0.281, p = 0.031). No such significant relationship was observed in individuals with smaller phasic CVA withdrawal. The current findings demonstrate a decrease in CVA with increasing executive demands and provide empirical support for the notion that a larger phasic CVA withdrawal can be considered adaptive in situations requiring high executive function demands.

Psychophysiological Adaptations to Exercise Training in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review.

Many COVID-19 patients display adverse symptoms, such as reduced physical ability, poor quality of life, and impaired pulmonary function. Therefore, this systematic review is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of physical exercise on various psychophysiological indicators among COVID-19 patients who may be at any stage of their illness (i.e., critically ill, hospitalized, postdischarge, and recovering). A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from 2019 to 2021. Twenty-seven studies, which assessed a total of 1525 patients, were included and analysed. Overall, data revealed significant improvements in the following parameters: physical function, dyspnoea, pulmonary function, quality of life (QOL), lower limb endurance and strength, anxiety, depression, physical activity level, muscle strength, oxygen saturation, fatigue, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), lymphocyte, leukocytes, and a fibrin degradation product (D-dimer). Physical training turns out to be an effective therapy that minimises the severity of COVID-19 in the intervention group compared to the standard treatment. Therefore, physical training could be incorporated into conventional treatment of COVID-19 patients. More randomized controlled studies with follow-up evaluations are required to evaluate the long-term advantages of physical training. Future research is essential to establish the optimal exercise intensity level and assess the musculoskeletal fitness of recovered COVID-19 patients. This trial is registered with CRD42021283087.

Сравнительная характеристика частотных диапазонов ээг и церебрального энергообмена при низком уровне психофизиологической адаптации у работников ядерно-опасных предприятий и производств

Purpose: Comparative assessment of the functional state and energy processes of the brain in workers of nuclear hazardous enterprises and industries with high and low levels of psychophysiological adaptation (PPA). The parameters of the spectral power of the EEG frequency ranges and cerebral energy exchange at low and high levels of PPA, low and high functional activity (FA) of conditionally isolated structural and functional formations (SFF) characterizing: mental level of functioning − SFF-1, psychophysiological level − SFF-2, physiological − SFF-3 were compared. Material and methods: 311 archived EEG – 159 individuals with a low level of PPA (50.8±4.6; 13 women); 152 EEG individuals with a high level of PPA (48.8±1.5; 12 women). The power of the frequency ranges of the EEG was evaluated by computer analysis using the fast Fourier transform algorithm; cerebral energy exchange using the value of the hemispheric differences in the power of biopotentials of EEG homologous leads. Results: At a low level of PPA, higher activity of cortical structures and higher cerebral energy exchange were revealed. In the SFF the changes manifested themselves in different ways. Increased activity of cortical structures was noted in SFF-1 and SFF-3 (in all areas of the cortex, including temporal, associated with the limbic-reticular complex). In SFF-2, the activity of cortical structures weakened both in the anterior and posterior parts of the cortex, the activity of the temporal zones did not change. Increased cerebral energy exchange was noted in SFF-1 and SFF-2. It was detected in the anterior parts of the cortex, and was not detected in the posterior. In SFF-3, the cerebral energy exchange did not change – neither in the anterior nor posterior parts of the cortex. Conclusion: Various SFF of the brain take part in ensuring brain activity at a low level of PPA, which is reflected in the characteristics of EEG frequency spectra and indicators of cerebral energy exchange of the brain regions concerned. The processes associated with the participation of structural and functional education reflecting the mental level of functioning (SFF-1) are characterized at a low level of PPA by increased activity of the anterior cortex, which is accompanied by increased cerebral energy exchange. The deepening of research in this direction may contribute to the identification of additional compensatory mechanisms of the brain aimed at ensuring the functional activity required for the exercise of professional activity by persons with a low level of PPA.

Hygienic assessment of the peculiarities of the processes of formation of psychophysiological functions and the regularity of the course of psychophysiological adaptation of students at the stage of acquiring professional competences in sci. disciplines

Hygienic assessment of the peculiarities of the processes of formation of psychophysiological functions and the regularity of the course of psychophysiological adaptation of students at the stage of acquiring professional competences in general scientific (fundamental) disciplines&#x0D; &#x0D; Annotation. An important component of scientific research aimed at the hygienic characterization of the processes of professional adaptation is an in-depth analysis of the features of the formation and development of psychophysiological and physical correlates of the functional state of the organism of young women and young men in natural conditions of being in a higher education institution. The aim of the work was to carry out a comprehensive hygienic assessment of the peculiarities of the processes of formation of psychophysiological functions and to establish the regularities of the course of psychophysiological adaptation of students at the stage of acquiring professional competences from general scientific (fundamental) disciplines. The scientific study involved the study of the peculiarities of the formation of criterial professionally significant psychophysiological functions by conducting cross-sections in the middle of each of the academic years, related to the acquisition of professional competences from general scientific (fundamental) disciplines. 3 comparison groups were formed, which included 192 students of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd years of the Faculty of Medicine. The characteristics of the processes of formation and development of psychophysiological functions at various stages of acquiring a medical profession were studied using the methods generally accepted in the practice of hygienic research. The obtained results were subjected to statistical processing using the statistical analysis package “Statistica 6.1”. In the course of the conducted research, the most typical types of changes in the state of criterion indicators of the psychophysiological characteristics of the students’ organism were found: stable (type 1, which was characterized by the absence of any significant changes during the study period – indicators of coordination of movements in young women); growing (type 2, which consists in the gradual and steady improvement of the degree of development of criterion indicators of psychophysiological functions during the study period – speed of visual-motor reaction, balance of nervous processes, accuracy of linear measurement, muscle strength and muscle endurance in young women, speed of visual-motor reaction, critical frequency of fusion of light flashes, muscle strength in young men); parabolic with priority development of functions during the first and second years of schooling (type 3 – mobility of nervous processes in young women, accuracy of linear measurement, coordination of movements in young men); parabolic with priority development of functions during the second to third years of education (type 4 – critical frequency of the fusion of light flashes in young women, mobility of nervous processes, balance of nervous processes, muscular endurance in young men). The obtained results should be used in the future for the scientific justification of effective health-preserving technologies with the purpose of creating a preventive educational space.

The formation of morpho-functional readiness and peculiarities of student adaptation processes at the graduate stage of education in institution of higher education

Annotation. A comprehensive assessment of the morpho-functional state of the human organism is impossible without taking into account the features of its functional component, first of all, indicators that provide information about the level of development of psychophysiological functions of the organism and the degree of formation of personality traits. The research, during which 64 students (33 young women and 31 young men) were under supervision during their studies at the 1st year of the medical faculty, was conducted using medico-social, psychophysiological and psychodiagnostic methods. The analysis of the obtained data involved the application of descriptive statistics procedures using statistical analysis programs “Statistica 6.1” (license № ВXXR901E245722FA). The results obtained during the hygienic assessment of the peculiarities of the development of the psychophysiological functions of the organism of young women and young men who are at the initial stage of education in a medical institution of higher education testify to fairly stable changes in their nature, which mainly consist in a slight improvement in the values of criterion indicators of the functional state of the higher nervous system activity, visual sensory system and somatosensory analyzers. At the same time, a number of unfavorable trends attract attention, which are characterized by the appearance of negative shifts in the indicators of the mobility of nervous processes among young women and young men, the degree of involvement in activities and coordination of movements among young women, as well as the level of work efficiency among young women and young men, which determine the presence of pronounced tension of the adaptation mechanisms of the students, which ensure the optimal course of psychophysiological adaptation processes. Among the most characteristic changes in terms of the leading indicators of temperament and character properties of student youth should be included an increase in the level of extroversion both among young women and young men over the course of their studies, a significantly lower level of neuroticism observed throughout the entire period of observation among young men, a certain increase indicators of situational anxiety and, at the same time, a certain decrease in indicators of personal anxiety in both sex groups, a moderate advantage in the structure of the characterological properties of students in indicators on the scales of hypomania (Ma), psychasthenia (Pt), schizoidness (Se) and paranoia (Ra). The results obtained during the study of the features of the level of subjective control and mental states testify to the emergence of rather unfavorable trends from the prognostic point of view, consist in a gradual decrease in the dynamics of learning in the number of persons with internal manifestations in the motivational structure of the personality, and allow us to assert the presence in the student population of personal manifestations of maladaptive content.

Методические подходы к отбору персонала аварийно-спасательных формирований для ликвидации последствий радиационных аварий

Summary. The aim of the study is to develop methodological approaches and criteria of selection of specialists for participation in the work on liquidation of consequences of radiation accidents as part of emergency rescue formations. Materials and research methods. Due to the lack of detailed individual medical, psychophysiological and dosimetric data on persons involved in the elimination of consequences of radiation accidents in the available scientific literature, the study was conducted using theories of occupational risks and functional reliability, as well as mathematical modeling of data on the results of health assessment and professional and psychophysiological adaptation of personnel of radiation facilities. Results of the study and their analysis. A conceptual model and criteria of professional selection of specialists for participation in the work on liquidation of consequences of radiation accidents are proposed for selection of personnel. The criteria include an integral indicator of the suitability level and a probabilistic nomogram determining the acceptable range of its variation. This indicator takes into account accumulated dose load, level of health loss of worker from the impact of life factors and his/her functional reliability. It is proposed to use the data of periodic medical examinations and psychophysiological examinations, as well as individual dosimetry to assess the level of professional suitability. A proposal is made to use the results of the conducted research on assessment of professional suitability to eliminate the consequences of radiation accidents as one of the qualification indicators of workers required for preliminary authorization to work in emergency rescue formations under conditions of planned increased exposure.

Psychophysiological Assessment of Individual Personality in Two Patients with Severe Local Radiation Injuries (LRI) of Hand and Acute Radiation Sickness (ARS) I Degree (30 Years of Follow-up)

Psychophysiological examination was carried out on two patients, former border guards, who suffered on October 05, 1982 as a result of accidental contact with a source of gamma radiation (137Cs) while on duty while serving on the Iranian-Azerbaijani border in the ranks of the Soviet army. They suffered ARS of the 1st degree with extremely uneven gamma irradiation in the form of local radiation injuries of the hands of varying severity. The assessment of the aver -age dose for the whole body according to the frequency of dicentrics in cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patient No. 1 and patient No. 2 is the same and is 0,26 Gy. Psychophysiological research was carried out in dynamics in 2001-2013 using the automated software and methodological complex «Expert». According to the MMPI data, both victims have a hyperthymic type of psychophysiological adaptation with varying degrees of severity. Patient No. 2 is a chronically hyperthymic personality with a significant increase in the profile on the 9th scale and with its gradual increase in dynamics, which reflects the persistence of hyperthymic personality traits and causes an overstrain of mental adaptation, with an increase in the dynamics of the tendency to explain their difficulties and problems by somatic distress (1Hs). Patient No. 1 has a hyperthymic personality type with a moderate increase in profile dynamics on the ninth scale. A personality trait is indicated by a high, growing in dynamics, indicator on the K scale, which determines behavior depending on social approval and concern for one’s social status. The appearance in dynamics (2013) of a peak on scales 1 (preoccupation with the state of health) and 4 (emotional tension in direct behavior) determines the insufficient ability to internalize the social norm, i.e. insufficient ability to perceive this norm as part of one’s own settings (a combination of profile peaks on scales 4 and 9). The presence of profile peaks on the 7th scale and the scales of the neurotic triad reflect the tendency to various options for the implementation of antisocial attitudes in a socially acceptable way, the desire to appear in a favorable light (scale L). Sufficiently high intelligence and demonstrative behavior determine good adaptation to the environment with self-confidence, high social adaptability, and resilience in overcoming difficulties.

Peculiarities of relationships between the characteristics of psychophysiological adaptation of organism and criterion indicators of motor activity of modern students

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; one of the priority components of the implementation of modern physiological and hygienic research is a prognostic assessment of the features of the leading characteristics formation of the adaptive resources state of the student’ organism based on the use of modern methods of statistical analysis in accordance with the conditions of stay, which differ in the features of the influence of health- creating factors, among which it is necessary to include level of motor activity. The purpose of the study was to determine the peculiarities of the relationships between the characteristics of psychophysiologi- cal adaptation and criterion indicators of motor activity of modern students based on the application ofcluster and factor analysis procedures. In the course of the scientific work 285 students (150 young wom- en and 135 young men) were supervised, who were divided into 3 comparison groups according to the level of motor activity. Individuals with high motor activity (group 1 of motor activity: 50 young women and 45 young men), medium motor activity (group 2 of motor activity: 50 young women and 45 young men) and low motor activity (group 3 of motor activity: 50 young women and 45 young men) levels were involved in their composition. As criterion indicators of motor activity, it was necessary to note the indicators of daily energy expenditure, which were estimated according to the timing-table method - up to 9000 kJ (low level of motor activity), 9000-11000 kJ (medium level of motor activity), more than 11000 kJ (high level of motor activity) among girls , and indicators of motor activity – up to 11,000 kJ (low motor activity level), 11,000-13,500 kJ (medium motor activity level), over 13,500 kJ (high motor activity level) among young men. Medical-sociological, epidemiological, psychophysiological, psycho- logical-pedagogical and statistical methods were used in the scientific work. In the course of the con- ducted research, based on the application of cluster and factor analysis procedures, the features of the relationships between the characteristics of the functional state and the level of development of psycho- physiological functions and, therefore, the leading characteristics of psychophysiological adaptation and criterion indicators of motor activity of modern students were determined. Data of cluster analysis procedures usage determined that the leading characteristics of the state of health and academic success were most significantly influenced by 3 leading clusters of characteristics of the psychophysiological adaptation of the students’ organism, namely: visual-motor speed, visual-sensory and integrative-coor- dination clusters. At the same time, based on the results of the application of factor analysis procedures, it was established that the most positive effect on the functional state of the organism of young women and young men was exerted by the movement regime characteristic of students, the values of daily energy expenditure of which vary between 9000-11000 kJ and between 11000-13500 kJ.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE CURRENT STATE OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE DESIGN OF ADAPTIVE REHABILITATION GARMENTS

The article is devoted to an analytical review of the current state of development in the design of adaptive rehabilitation garments of light industry to improve the process of psychophysiological adaptation of people (military and civilians) with traumatic limb injuries. The need to design adaptive clothing for people with lost limbs has been determined, with the aim of increasing a person’s independence, creating and maintaining his physical and psychological comfort, as well as ensuring his successful rehabilitation. On the basis of theoretical studies of existing varieties of adaptive products, the most rational structural and technological solutions of the constituent elements of adaptive rehabilitation shoulder and lumbar products were systematized and an information database was formed for the purpose of their informed choice for people (military and civilians) with traumatic limb injuries. Based on research in the field of harmonization of color relationships, taking into account the emotional and psychophysiological impact of color on consumers with traumatic limb injuries, a database and recommendations for the use of harmonious color combinations in adaptive rehabilitation clothing at the hospital and post-hospital stages have been developed. A series of sketches of new models of adaptive shoulder and waist products in the Sport-casual style for consumers with traumatic limb injuries for everyday use, taking into account the needs of aesthetics, ergonomics and socialization, are proposed. Further research is aimed at the production of experimental samples of adaptive products according to the provided sketches in the conditions of the Ukrainian brand ARTY Sport.

ЗАКОНОМІРНОСТІ ПЕРЕБІГУ ПРОЦЕСІВ ПСИХОФІЗІОЛОГІЧНОЇ АДАПТАЦІЇ СЕРЕД УЧНІВ СТАРШОГО ШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ З РІЗНИМ РІВНЕМ ЗДОРОВ’Я

In the course of the conducted research, the patterns of psychophysiological adaptation processes among pupils of senior school age with different levels of health were determined. 120 girls and 108 boys (or 10.3% of the total number of examined) were inc

Medico-social conditions of educational activity, quality of life and aspects of psychophysiological adaptation of modern pupils and students: features of interrelation and their hygienic assessment

The purpose of the study is a comprehensive hygienic assessment of the relationship between medico-social conditions of educational activities, quality of life and adaptive capabilities of students. During the research conducted on the basis of 5 modern educational institutions of different types: university, college, specialized school, lyceum and school, the significant deviations of indicators of hygienic assessment of daily regimen of pupils and students from generally accepted normative values (p&lt;0.05-0.001)were revealed, which, first of all, concerned the excess of the maximum allowable duration of their daily stay in educational institutions, the length of time required to complete homework, low levels of physical activity, etc. It was found that the highest levels of quality of life among boys and girls are recorded according to the scales of Physical Functioning (PF), Bodily Pain (BP) and Role-Physical (RP), the lowest ones were Mental Health (MH), Vitality (VT) and Social Functioning (SF). The relationships between the values that indicate the characteristics of quality of life and features of the psychophysiological adaptation of pupils and students were revealed. Moreover, the largest number of relationships (r=0.36-0.77; p&lt;0.05-0.001) which characterize quality of life indicators belong to boys according to the scales of Physical Functioning (PF), Mental Health (MH), Vitality (VT) , Bodily Pain (BP); to girls – Bodily Pain (BP), Vitality (VT), Mental Health (MH), General Health (GH), Role-Emotional (RE). When determining the features of intersystem relationships between components of quality of life and indicators of psychophysiological functions, it was found that the closest relationship (r=0.37-0.99; p&lt;0.05-0.001) is observed between the characteristics of the speed of visual-motor reactions, mobility and balance of nervous processes, coordination of movements and indicators of quality of life according to the scales of General Health (GH), Physical Functioning (PF), Social Functioning (SF) and Mental Health (MH).

Tailoring Upper-Limb Robot-Aided Orthopedic Rehabilitation on Patients' Psychophysiological State.

Physical therapy keeps exploiting more and more the capabilities of the robot of adapting the treatments to patients' needs. This paper aims at presenting a psychophysiological-aware control strategy for upper limb robot-aided orthopedic rehabilitation. The main features are the capability of i) generating point-to-point trajectories inside an adaptable workspace, ii) providing assistance in guiding the patients' limbs in accomplishing the assigned task allowing them to freely move with a certain degree of spatial and temporal autonomy and iii) tuning the control parameters according to the patients' kinematics performance and psychophysiological state. The implemented control strategy is validated in a real clinical setting on eight orthopedic patients undergoing twenty daily robot-aided rehabilitation sessions. The psychophysiological-aware control strategy evidenced a positive impact on the enrolled participants since they are effectively conducted in a calmer condition with respect to the patients who did not receive the psychophysiological adaptation. Moreover, clinical performance indicators suggest that the proposed tailored control strategy improves motor functions.

Psychophysiological Adaptations to Yoga Practice in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Topical Review.

Physical activity has been documented as a foundational approach for weight management and obesity, improving several cardiometabolic and mental health indices. However, it is not clear whether yoga practice can induce beneficial improvements in anthropometric and body composition parameters, performance, metabolic health, and well-being among overweight/obese people. The aim of this topical review was to catalog training studies examining the psychophysiological responses to yoga interventions in order to detect which outcomes have been investigated, the research methods applied, and the conclusions. The inclusion/exclusion criteria were met by 22 published articles involving 1178 (56% female) overweight/obese participants. This brief review on yoga-induced adaptations demonstrates that this widely used meditative movement activity can meaningfully improve the vast majority of the selected markers. These beneficial alterations are focused mostly on various anthropometric and body composition variables, cardiovascular disease risk factors, physical fitness parameters, quality of life, and stress in previously inactive overweight/obese individuals. Instead, yoga-based physical exercise interventions investigating anxiety, depression, mood state, exercise enjoyment, affect valence, and adherence were limited. Further research should focus on the yoga intervention configuration and potential mechanisms behind favorable changes in various psychophysiological indices through large-scale, rigorously designed randomized controlled trials implementing long-term interventions in overweight/obese individuals.

A Study of Anxiety-Related Behavior under Conditions of Oxidative Stress Caused by Hydrogen Peroxide

Any stressful situation in the body can become the cause of intense formation of free radicals. Free radicals are molecules or individual atoms that have unpaired valence electrons in their outer orbit, which are characterized by high reactivity and damage cell proteins, nucleic acids, membrane lipids, and can lead to the development of many types of pathological processes. All possible triggering mechanisms of this process have not been fully explored. It is known that under certain conditions, in response to stressogenic factors, a biologically positive reaction _ adaptive stress response develops in the body which ensures the resistance of cells to stronger (lethal) doses of the stimulating agent of this reaction. The aim of the study was to explore the influence of the hormetic phenomenon on the psycho-emotional state of anxiety which arose from the dose-response of the oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide in an experiment on rats. The experiment was conducted on white male lab rats. As an experimental model of oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide, we used its 0.1% and 0.2% aqueous solutions and administered them orally to animals for different durations (10 and 25 days). The psycho-emotional state of anxiety was assayed by means of the elevated plus maze. The analysis of the obtained results was conducted using the student's t-criterion.The analysis of our results allows us to note that in the experiment under the conditions of chronic action of a low dose of stressogenic factor (hydrogen peroxide H2O2 &nbsp;0.1%), an improvement in the psycho-emotional state of anxiety and its stable maintenance within the maximum limits of the norm can be observed, which must be caused by the influence of the hormetic response. A further increase (doubling of the "dose") of the stressogenic factor (chronic administration of 0.2% aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide) resulted in suppression of the hormesis. It was found that in this experimental model, oxidative stress can play a positive role in the regulation of neuroplasticity and psycho-physiological adaptation.

Psychophysiological Adaptations to Pilates Training in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Topical Review.

The prevalence of overweightness and obesity has been documented as a major public health issue since it has increased at an alarming rate worldwide. Structured physical exercise programs have been reported as an essential strategy for preventing, managing, and treating obesity, inducing critical improvements in various physiological and psychological markers. However, it is unclear whether Pilates training can elicit positive changes in body composition, physical fitness, cardiometabolic health, and well-being among overweight and obese populations. The purpose of this topical review was to catalog studies investigating the physiological and psychological adaptations to Pilates training in order to identify what outcomes have been assessed, the research methods used, and the results. The inclusion/exclusion criteria were met by 14 published articles involving 582 participants (83% female) who were overweight or obese. The present topical review on Pilates training-induced adaptations shows that this widely used exercise type can significantly improve the majority of the selected indicators. These beneficial changes are frequently focused on anthropometric parameters, body composition, glucose, and lipid metabolism, as well as blood pressure in sedentary overweight or obese women. Specialized equipment-based Pilates interventions and trials investigating various mental health indices were limited. Further research is warranted in this area, emphasizing the Pilates training configuration and potential mechanisms behind positive alterations in several psychophysiological markers through large-scale randomized controlled trials with superior methodological quality, implementing long-term interventions in various populations that are overweight and obese.

Peculiarities of the connection and interdependence of the characteristics of the level of development of the professionally significant psychophysiological functions of the students' body in the case of the use of distance and classroom forms of educatio

Annotation. Determining the peculiarities of the processes of psychophysiological adaptation of student youth is impossible without establishing the relationship and interdependence of the characteristics of the level of development of psychophysiological functions of young women and young men in the use of various (classroom and remote) forms of learning. The research included assessment of the level of development of professionally significant psychophysiological functions of students and further processing of the obtained data using procedures of correlation, factor and cluster analysis based on the use of statistical analysis software package Statistica 6.1”. The obtained data show that the most clearly defined correlation under the conditions of organization of educational activities in remote (on-line) format for young women and young men is determined during the analysis of indicators of speed of simple and differentiated visual-motor reaction, mobility of nervous processes and dynamic efficiency, that is, those characteristics of the adaptive capacity of the organism, which note the state of visual-motor coordination, the implementation of urgent reactions in response to changes in the stereotype of normal learning activities and resistance to the phenomena of monotony. However, the most clearly defined correlation in the organization of educational activities in the classroom (off-line) format for young women and young men is determined during the analysis of indicators of the speed of simple audio-motor response, balance of nervous processes and dynamic performance, ie those characteristics of adaptive capabilities of the body, which note the state of audio-motor coordination, the level of balance of major nervous processes and resistance to monotony. The results should be used in the future in the scientific substantiation of effective health technologies.

Designing of casual wear for wheelchair users

Functionality and comfort are important requirements for adaptive clothing. To ensure the compliance of clothing with these requirements, it is necessary to take into account, on the one hand, consumer conditions, on the other hand specific needs driven from social and psychophysiological adaptation to the living conditions. Thus, for people who are restricted to the sitting position for their entire life due to their disabilities, it is important to avoid skin diseases that occur in conditions of constant contact of the skin with hard surfaces under pressure. Therefore, the aim of our work was to improve functional clothing for disabled people based on the analysis of ergonomics and consumer requirements through the application of new technologies.

ОЦЕНКА ВЛИЯНИЯ АРТЕРИАЛЬНОГО ДАВЛЕНИЯ НА ПСИХОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКУЮ АДАПТАЦИЮ РАБОТНИКОВ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ ГОСКОРПОРАЦИИ «РОСАТОМ»

Purpose: Establishing cause-and-effect relationships between psychophysiological adaptation (PFA) and the health status of employees of the enterprise of the State Corporation Rosatom. Material and methods: The materials of the study were data on 591 employees of the enterprise of the State Corporation Rosatom who underwent a psychophysiological examination. To analyze the impact of an employee’s health on the level of psychophysiological adaptation (PFA), a methodology was developed for assessing the cause-and-effect relationships between PFA and the level of blood pressure of employees of the Rosatom State Corporation. The methodology is based on the assessment of the relative risk of influence on the PFA of blood pressure in employees of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Combine Elektrokhimpribor. In this methodology, risk is defined as the probability of assigning employees of enterprises to one of the three PFA groups. The age heterogeneity of the PFA groups was taken into account, and standardization was carried out for this indicator. Results: This technique was tested on the database of 591 workers who underwent a psychophysiological examination and had information about systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The possibility of the developed methodology for assessing the relative risk of the influence of blood pressure on the PFA of the employees of the enterprise is shown. The constant increase in the relative risk from group to group of PFA indicates the likelihood of the influence of SBP, DBP on the psychophysiological adaptation of workers who underwent PFA. Conclusion: The use of this methodology for assessing the risk of damage to health as a tool for medical examination and substantiation of effective management decisions allows: to carry out correct medical and social measures for the rehabilitation of workers with low PFA; develop mechanisms and strategies for various medical and social measures to reduce risk; to obtain quantitative characteristics of the impact of illnesses of employees of enterprises on PFA; to reduce the uncertainties of the analysis in the decision-making process to preserve the health of the serviced contingent of workers; identify under specific conditions the groups of workers who are most likely to be classified in a group with a low PFA; determine the priorities of medical and social measures in the field of health protection at the level of a healthcare institution; qualitatively and quantitatively characterize the levels of risk that have persisted after the application of measures to reduce it. When carrying out rehabilitation measures for this group of people, it is necessary to pay serious attention to workers with high rates of SBP, DBP.

ЭКСПРЕСС-ДИАГНОСТИКА СОСТОЯНИЯ ЗДОРОВЬЯ РАБОТНИКОВ ОПАСНЫХ ПРОИЗВОДСТВ

Purpose: To develop criteria for rapid diagnostics of the health status of workers of hazardous industries according to the parameters of vibration imaging. Material and methods: The object of the study is the personnel of the Moscow Regional Fire and Rescue Service (249 people), employees of the main workshop of the Electrohimpribor plant (EHP) (132 people) and operators of the scientific company of the Military Innovative Technopolis (VIT) “Era” (16 people, comparison group). The research was attended by specialists of VCMC “Protection”. The average age of rescuers was 43,4+3,2 years, ECP workers – 41,9+4,1 years, military personnel 24,4+1,5 years. According to medical examinations, a dispensary observation group/health group was established (in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 36an). The examined individuals were also tested using the HealthTest program. The testing time was 3 minutes, during which the vibration image parameters were evaluated. Results: To develop criteria for rapid diagnostics of the health status of workers of hazardous industries, 10 basic parameters of vibration imaging E1–E10 and their coefficients of variation E1_V–E10_V were used as initial ones. The weight load of individual vibration imaging parameters included in the system complex separating groups 1 and 3 of dispensary observation is calculated. For a formalized assessment, a probabilistic nomogram for identifying the functional state according to the parameters of the vibration image has been developed. The average accuracy of their recognition using linear discriminant functions is 96,8 %. Conclusion: The improvement of medical and psychophysiological support of hazardous workers is associated with the development of methods of express diagnostics of their psychophysiological adaptation. Vibration imaging technology is promising for this, as evidenced by the results of the conducted research. The use of the developed one-dimensional multiparametric integral indicator as a “marker” of psychophysiological adaptation, which is a linear combination of vibration image parameters, allows for operational monitoring of the state of health. The developed integral indicator of rapid diagnostics of the state of health can be used to assess the effectiveness and sufficiency of rehabilitation and wellness measures.

ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ОЦЕНКИ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫХ РИСКОВ РАБОТНИКОВ ОБЪЕКТОВ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ АТОМНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ

Purpose: Substantiate the indicators of occupational risks of employees of nuclear energy use facilities. Material and methods: In order to methodologically substantiate the indicators of professional risk assessment, data from literary sources and normative and methodological documentation were used. Results: It is established that the existing system of professional risk assessment in the nuclear industry needs to be improved. The currently used results of a special assessment of working conditions for harmfulness and danger should be supplemented with the results of a special assessment of working conditions for the radiation factor, taking into account the category of potential radiation hazard of the object. When choosing biomedical indicators of occupational risks, the data of periodic medical examinations and mandatory psychophysiological examinations should be taken into account first of all. At the same time, the health status of the employee should be assessed not only by the presence/absence of nosological forms of diseases, but also by prenosological criteria. It is proposed to use as such indicators the level of psychophysiological adaptation of an employee and his cytogenetic status, estimated according to the buccal micronucleus test of the frequency of occurrence of cells with pronounced genome damage (chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei, nuclear protrusions). Conclusion: A conceptual model of indicators of occupational risks of employees is proposed, which includes: 1) class of working conditions according to the harmfulness and danger according to the results of the special assessment of working conditions; 2) class of working conditions according to the effects of IR according to the results of the Special assessment of working conditions; 3) category of radiation hazard of the object; 4) health group according to the results of periodic medical examinations; 5) class of prenosological condition according to the results of periodic psychophysiological examinations. The scientific novelty of the proposed model lies in its complexity and taking into account the early signs of an employee’s health condition, which makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of professional risk assessment and management.