The formation of morpho-functional readiness and peculiarities of student adaptation processes at the graduate stage of education in institution of higher education

Abstract

Annotation. A comprehensive assessment of the morpho-functional state of the human organism is impossible without taking into account the features of its functional component, first of all, indicators that provide information about the level of development of psychophysiological functions of the organism and the degree of formation of personality traits. The research, during which 64 students (33 young women and 31 young men) were under supervision during their studies at the 1st year of the medical faculty, was conducted using medico-social, psychophysiological and psychodiagnostic methods. The analysis of the obtained data involved the application of descriptive statistics procedures using statistical analysis programs “Statistica 6.1” (license № ВXXR901E245722FA). The results obtained during the hygienic assessment of the peculiarities of the development of the psychophysiological functions of the organism of young women and young men who are at the initial stage of education in a medical institution of higher education testify to fairly stable changes in their nature, which mainly consist in a slight improvement in the values of criterion indicators of the functional state of the higher nervous system activity, visual sensory system and somatosensory analyzers. At the same time, a number of unfavorable trends attract attention, which are characterized by the appearance of negative shifts in the indicators of the mobility of nervous processes among young women and young men, the degree of involvement in activities and coordination of movements among young women, as well as the level of work efficiency among young women and young men, which determine the presence of pronounced tension of the adaptation mechanisms of the students, which ensure the optimal course of psychophysiological adaptation processes. Among the most characteristic changes in terms of the leading indicators of temperament and character properties of student youth should be included an increase in the level of extroversion both among young women and young men over the course of their studies, a significantly lower level of neuroticism observed throughout the entire period of observation among young men, a certain increase indicators of situational anxiety and, at the same time, a certain decrease in indicators of personal anxiety in both sex groups, a moderate advantage in the structure of the characterological properties of students in indicators on the scales of hypomania (Ma), psychasthenia (Pt), schizoidness (Se) and paranoia (Ra). The results obtained during the study of the features of the level of subjective control and mental states testify to the emergence of rather unfavorable trends from the prognostic point of view, consist in a gradual decrease in the dynamics of learning in the number of persons with internal manifestations in the motivational structure of the personality, and allow us to assert the presence in the student population of personal manifestations of maladaptive content.