Psychophysical Characteristics Research Articles

THE FORM OF AN ARCHITECTURAL OBJECT AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE PSYCHOPHYSICAL FEATURES OF A PERSON

The article examines the influence of architectural forms on the psychophysical characteristics of a person in the conditions of urbanization. The article provides a thorough analysis of how the aesthetic and functional characteristics of architectural objects affect the emotional state and behavior of city residents; determination of key elements of the visual environment that affect the psychophysical state of a person; recommendations for the development of architectural solutions that would contribute to the improvement of the psycho-emotional state of people. The article shows that the geometric shape of an architectural object is one of the important architectural features that affect the psychophysiological reactions of people. Geometric shapes have dynamic properties that influence our perception and reinterpretation of the structure of the environment. Each shape can evoke different emotional responses and associations, shaping our sense of space. For example, round shapes are often associated with nature, peace and security, while straight angles can evoke a sense of order, but at the same time can be perceived as cold and unpleasant. These dynamic properties of shapes become even more significant in the context of architecture, where they can influence the everyday experience of the occupants. For example, open, flowing forms in the design of public spaces can encourage social interaction, facilitating movement and interaction between people, while rigid, geometrically defined structures can create feelings of isolation or discomfort. Research shows that the perception of forms also depends on the context of their use. Universal principles of perception, such as the law of proximity and the law of similarity, can influence how people group and interpret information about the environment. This indicates that not only individual figures, but also their interaction and composition can shape our perception of space. Thus, architects and designers have an important opportunity to consciously use geometric shapes to create environments that affect the psycho-emotional state of people. Therefore, taking into account the dynamic properties of forms not only significantly improves the aesthetic appearance of architectural objects, but can also significantly improve the quality of life of city residents, providing comfort and a positive emotional background in everyday life.

Asymmetric repulsive force model: A new car-following model with psycho-physical characteristics

Dynamic traffic phenomena, such as hysteresis, stop-and-go traffic, stability, and capacity drop, have significant implications for traffic safety and congestion. Previous studies have suggested that these phenomena are caused by human behavior. However, existing models have not been able to fully reproduce these dynamic traffic phenomena. The focus of our research is on psycho-physical properties and asymmetric behavior, among other human factors, which provide a theoretical explanation for dynamic traffic phenomena. We propose a new car-following model, Asymmetric Repulsive force Model (ARM), based on the common fundamental mechanisms of the two theories. ARM is evaluated from both microscopic and macroscopic perspectives. ARM exhibited similar driving behavior similar to NGSIM data in the time-distance, speed, acceleration, speed-spacing, and spacing-relative speed domains. Additionally, ARM outperforms comparable models in quantitative evaluations of describing trajectory and hysteresis. From the macroscopic perspective, platoon simulation was performed to analyze stop-and-go situations. The results confirmed that ARM can simulate the processes of speed drop, speed recovery and flow non-recovery, and speed and flow recovery. This finding is consistent with previous research on capacity drop using empirical data and suggests that ARM has the potential to simulate various macroscopic traffic phenomena.

Periodontal disease indicators in adults with and without physical activity: a comparative analysis

Introduction: The intriguing link between periodontal disease severity and physical activity remains largely understudied, particularly in the Saudi Arabian population. Thus, the current research was intended to ascertain the effect of physical activity on the prevalence and indicators of periodontal diseases. Materials: The cross-sectional approach with convenience sampling was applied to the recruitment of 160 adult subjects attending gymnasiums, sports clubs, malls, primary health centres, and community dental health programs. Based on IPAQ scores, the participants were split into two distinct groups: a physically active group and a physically inactive group. The two study groups were compared with one another in terms of recorded parameters. The gathered data subsequently underwent statistical processing using SPSS 20.0. Results: Of the 160 subjects, 66.87% (n = 107) had gingivitis and 33.12% (n = 53) periodontitis. A lower mean PI (1.62±0.31) was observed in the physically active group compared to the physically inactive group (6.91±1.12). The physically active group had a mean BI of 19.01±4.53 and the inactive group 69.98±9.29. For physically active and inactive groups, mean PD measurements were 2.49±0.33 mm and 4.61±0.07 mm, respectively.Physically active individuals had a significantly lower mean CAL (2.98±0.88 mm) compared to the inactive group (5.37±1.02 mm). Parametric variances between groups are statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Insufficient engagement in physical activity has undeniably been identified as a risk factor for the development and severity of periodontal disease, marked by escalated indicators of gingivitis and periodontitis. The study findings unequivocally endorse the adoption of a consistent physical activity regimen as strategic initiatives to proactively address the incidence of inflammatory periodontal diseases. Many patients with different psychophysical characteristics seek periodontal therapy at dental clinics. This study alerts clinicians to the impact of physical inactivity in a wide-spectrum population and helps identify periodontal risk in sedentary patients. It also aids in treatment planning for these periodontally risky, physically inactive people. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.23 (Special Issue) 2024 p.S20-S25

Dobni stereotipi i položaj vlastite dobne skupine u društvu iz perspektive osoba starije životne dobi

Age stereotypes and meta-stereotypes about older persons represent personal and socially conditioned generalised assumptions about what older persons should be like, how they should act and what will they probably experience as members of that age group, not taking into consideration individual differences among them. Current understanding points to numerous adverse effects of self-stereotyping, stereotyping and ageism on self-understanding, self-efficacy, health and welfare of older persons. Due to a lack of knowledge of the experience of the position of older persons in our society and their view on typical members of their age group, this research aimed to gain deeper insight through using qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews included 40 respondents from a younger group of older persons. Qualitative analysis of the content of statements determined the stereotypes that the respondents have about physical appearance, psycho-physical characteristics and behaviours connected to social relationships of older persons. The position of older persons in society is mostly experienced as unfavourable and socially excluded by the state and society. Key words: age stereotypes, ageism, older persons, qualitative approach.

Популяризация национального наследия через создание цифрового продукта – обучающей компьютерной игры

The article is devoted to the development of a design project for an educational computer game “The Path of Batyr” for young people, created based on national Bashkir mythology. The relevance of the topic of this article is determined by the need to create a modern educational visual product of the digital media genre to attract the attention of the younger generation to the problem of preserving continuity and national cultural identity of their native land. The purpose of the article is to awaken the interest of modern youth in national culture and popularize its values as a form of cultural memory, which is a means of communication, including visual communication. Visualization helps to increase the number of participants involved in communication who are able to effectively perceive the information necessary for learning in an attractive game form, while providing feedback. The clear, visual form of quality visual design supports its content and functionality. The article discusses the key stages of creating a game design project. The authors reveal the essence, features and possibilities of learning with the help of computer games, which are gaining great popularity in the field of education. They pay attention to the target audience, the core of which is teenagers. The psychophysical characteristics of this group of respondents are specified, for whom the creation of game content should meet their needs and increase motivation for learning. The advantages and disadvantages of domestic and foreign similar projects are analyzed. The authors focus on the study of the rich national culture, history and mythology of the Bashkir people. Based on the study of extensive cultural and historical material, which includes everyday life, traditions, housing features, national clothing and color semantics, the concept of the game is built. The script and plot, consisting of sixteen episodes, are written in detail. Visual images of heroes and mythical creatures are constructed based on materials from legends, traditions, the epic “Ural-batyr”, and Bashkir mythological dictionaries. In conclusion, the authors find that an educational video game for young people, based on the study of national cultural characteristics and Bashkir mythology, can become a modern interactive means of popularizing cultural and historical heritage and contribute to the preservation of the continuity and national identity of the people.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS OF USING WEB ORIENTED TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF SECONDARY EDUCATION ESTABLISHMENTS

The article characterizes the list of organizational and pedagogical conditions in computer science classes and examines their influence on the formation of digital competence through the use of web-based technologies in the education of high school students of secondary education institutions.The psychological and pedagogical conditions are considered as an important component in the formation of individual characteristics of high school students.The scientific and methodological conditions are analyzed as a leading component for informatics teachers during the preparation of students for correct work with hardware and software tools.The sanitary and hygienic conditions as a component of personality formation under the influence of the environment is highlighted. The main possibilities of optimizing the teaching of informatics through the use of web-oriented technologies to increase the efficiency of learning the educational material are revealed.The concept of "educational design" as high-quality E-learning content was formed.They studied scientific researches, works, experiments of scientists of this problem M. Leshchenko, Yu. Nosenko, A. Sukhikh, M. Yastrebova. The psychophysical characteristics of students and the main groups of factors that negatively affect their physical and mental health were outlined.It was found that compliance with organizational and pedagogical conditions forms a comprehensively developed person who strives for self-knowledge, improvement, is responsible for his actions when working on the World Wide Web.It is noted that the use of web-oriented technologies, which are based on organizational and pedagogical conditions, create optimal conditions for revealing the potential of the personality of high school students.The problems of the implementation of web-oriented technologies in organizational and pedagogical conditions in the education of high school students of secondary education institutions are highlighted and characterized. The danger of Internet addiction and disorder of students in the World Wide Web is presented. A tool for self-diagnosis of Internet addiction has been created for Internet users. Other dangers on the Internet, such as cyberphishing and cyberbullying, are highlighted. Their concepts have been formed.

Profiling migraine patients according to clinical and psychophysical characteristics: clinical validity of distinct migraine clusters

AimsInvestigate if different clinical and psychophysical bedside tools can differentiate between district migraine phenotypes in ictal/perictal (cohort 1) and interictal (cohort 2) phases.MethodThis observational study included two independent samples in which patients were subgrouped into distinct clusters using standardized bedside assessment tools (headache frequency, disability, cervical active range of motion, pressure pain threshold in different areas): (A) cohort 1—ictal/perictal migraine patients were subgrouped, based on previous studies, into two clusters, i.e., Cluster-1.1 No Psychophysical Impairments (NPI) and Cluster-1.2 Increased Pain Sensitivity and Cervical Musculoskeletal Dysfunction (IPS-CMD); (B) cohort 2—interictal migraine patients were subgrouped into three clusters, i.e., Cluster-2.1 NPI, Cluster-2.2 IPS, and Cluster-2.3 IPS-CMD. Clinical characteristics (multiple questionnaires), somatosensory function (comprehensive quantitative sensory testing (QST)), and cervical musculoskeletal impairments (cervical musculoskeletal assessment) were assessed and compared across headache clusters and a group of 56 healthy controls matched for sex and age.ResultsCohort 1: A total of 156 subjects were included. Cluster-1.2 (IPS-CMD) had higher headache intensity (p = 0.048), worse headache-related (p = 0.003) and neck-related disability (p = 0.005), worse quality of life (p = 0.003), and higher symptoms related to sensitization (p = 0.001) and psychological burden (p = 0.005) vs. Cluster-1.1(NPI). Furthermore, Cluster-1.2 (IPS-CMD) had (1) reduced cervical active and passive range of motion (p < 0.023), reduced functionality of deep cervical flexors (p < 0.001), and reduced values in all QST(p < 0.001) vs. controls, and (2) reduced active mobility in flexion, left/right lateral flexion (p < 0.045), and reduced values in QST (p < 0.001) vs. Cluster-1.1 (NPI). Cohort 2: A total of 154 subjects were included. Cluster-2.3 (IPS-CMD) had (1) longer disease duration (p = 0.006), higher headache frequency (p = 0.006), disability (p < 0.001), and psychological burden (p = 0.027) vs. Cluster-2.2 (IPS) and (2) higher headache-related disability (p = 0.010), neck-related disability (p = 0.009), and higher symptoms of sensitization (p = 0.018) vs. Cluster-2.1 (NPI). Cluster-2.3(IPS-CMD) had reduced cervical active and passive range of motion (p < 0.034), and reduced functionality of deep cervical flexors (p < 0.001), vs. controls, Custer-2.1 (NPI), and Cluster-2.2 (IPS). Cluster-2.2 (IPS) and 2.3 (IPS-CMD) had reduced QST values vs. controls (p < 0.001) and Cluster-2.1 (p < 0.039).ConclusionA battery of patient-related outcome measures (PROMs) and quantitative bedside tools can separate migraine clusters with different clinical characteristics, somatosensory functions, and cervical musculoskeletal impairments. This confirms the existence of distinct migraine phenotypes and emphasizes the importance of migraine phases of which the characteristics are assessed. This may have implications for responders and non-responders to anti-migraine medications.

THE ROLE OF IDENTITY AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN LEADERSHIP AND COMMUNICATION

Identity - a question of numerous scientific fields, especially social humanities. The basic substrate of every human being is identity, it is built throughout life, starting from early childhood, through biological and psychological maturation. Identity is the final result of the process of individual development. In the business context, employees are social beings with their overall psycho-physical characteristics and social characteristics. The personal characteristics of the employee determine the position of the individual in the community to which he belongs. That is why each individual occupies a specific place in the social and economic system, the team to which he belongs, the function in the organization. Every employee is an individual who, during the presentation, comes to the manifestation of individual characteristics. Knowledge of the individual characteristics of employees requires knowledge of the processes and ways of communicating with an individual in all life cycles, i.e. stages of life, which influence the formation of identity in different ways. An important feature of employees in business systems is the possession of emotional intelligence, which consists of non-cognitive, competencies and characteristics that imply the individual's ability to respond to the demands and influences of the environment. Emotional intelligence is a set of numerous competencies, such as: self-awareness, personal control, self-confidence and empathy. She agrees, that is. complementary to rational intelligence. Emotional intelligence determines the behavior of each individual in business contact with other employees, with the employer, friends outside the business system, other family members and acquaintances from social interactions. From the point of view of management, both operational and strategic, the key to the success of the organization is reflected in the manager and his leadership abilities, that is, managers who give a stamp to management teams. leadership opinions and communication processes conditioned and colored by the identity of the individual who performs managerial activities individually, or by the identities of individuals who together form management teams, bringing their own identities and certain characteristics into the leadership and communication process. Leaders communicate with their team depending on the situation, ie. in different ways, and precisely such specific ways represent a certain leadership style. In this sense, leadership styles contain behaviors aimed at leading employees. In the literature, nor in practice, there is no recommendation as to which style is the best, styles differ, and the real problem is to adopt a certain style, in the context of the situation, which is influenced by numerous factors. Apostrophizing the importance of these processes for the success of the organization, this paper gives a special review of the influence of the identity and emotional intelligence of the individual on the process of communication and leadership in the organization.

Pain associated with COVID-19 vaccination is unrelated to skin biopsy abnormalities.

Previous clinical observations raised the possibility that COVID-19 vaccination might trigger a small-fibre neuropathy. In this uncontrolled observational study, we aimed to identify small fibre damage in patients complaining of generalized sensory symptoms and pain after COVID-19 vaccination. We collected clinical data, including a questionnaire for assessing autonomic symptoms (Composite Autonomic Symptom Score-31), and investigated quantitative sensory testing (QST) and skin biopsy in 15 prospectively enrolled patients with generalized sensory symptoms and pain after COVID-19 vaccination. Nine patients complaining of orthostatic intolerance also underwent cardiovascular autonomic tests. We found that all patients experienced widespread pain, and most of them (11 of 15) had a fibromyalgia syndrome. All patients had normal skin biopsy findings, and in the 9 patients with orthostatic intolerance, cardiovascular autonomic tests showed normal findings. Nevertheless, 5 patients had cold and warm detection abnormalities at the QST investigation. In our study, most patients complaining of generalized sensory symptoms and pain after COVID-19 vaccination had clinical and diagnostic test findings compatible with a fibromyalgia syndrome. Although the abnormal QST findings we found in 5 patients might be compatible with a small-fibre neuropathy, they should be cautiously interpreted given the psychophysical characteristics of this diagnostic test. Further larger controlled studies are needed to define precisely the association between small fibre damage and COVID-19 vaccination.

Comparison ofPhysical Fitness, Self-Assessed Resilience, andSelf-Assessed Character Traits between Elite Polish Obstacle Course Racers andPolish Special Operations Force Personnel.

Some of the obstacle Course Race (OCR) competitions are co-organized by military units that are seeking candidates for service in special operations forces (SOFs). The aim of the study was to compare psycho-physical characteristics between Polish OCR athletes and SOF soldiers, in order to assess the possibility of recruiting future SOF soldiers from the OCR community. The study included 23 OCR competitors, and 17 soldiers from JW Formoza were used as the comparative group. The psychological measure of resilience was assessed using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Participants also completed a survey in which they had to rank character strengths. Physical fitness was assessed on the basis of a 3000-m run and the maximum number of sit-ups and straight pull-ups. There were significant differences between OCR participants and JW Formoza soldiers: body mass index, 24.1 ± 1.5 vs. 25.9 ± 1.9 (P = .002); 3000-m run, 11:59 ± 0:49 vs. 12:11 ± 0:28 (P = .024); and straight pull-ups, 19 ± 3 vs. 15 ± 3 (P = .001). The most commonly chosen character strengths in both groups were self-control, team worker, and optimism. OCR competitors show psychophysical characteristics similar to those expected from actual SOF personnel.

Profiling migraine patients according to clinical and psychophysical characteristics: a cluster analysis approach.

This study aims to profile migraine patients according clinical and psychophysical characteristics. In this observational study, two cohorts of migraine patients(episodic/chronic) were included. Cohort-1: ictal/perictal phase; Cohort-2: interictal phase.The following variables were assessed: headache frequency; disability; cervical active range of motion(AROM) in flexion, extension, right/left lateral flexion, right/left rotation; pressure-pain threshold(PPT) over: temporalis, two cervical areas(C1/C4 vertebral segments), and two distal pain-free areas(hand/leg). Cluster analysis was performed using the K-means algorithm. Differences across clusters were investigated. Cohort-1: 100 patients were included and two clusters were identified. Cluster-1.1(19%), Cluster-1.2(81%). Cluster 1.1 had a higher percentage of men(p = 0.037) and higher disability(p = 0.003) compared to Clusters 1.2. Cluster 1.2 had reduced AROM in flexion, extension, and left/right lateral flexion(p < 0.037), and lower PPT value in all areas(p < 0.001) compared to Cluster 1.1. Cohort-2: 98 patients were included and three clusters were identified. Cluster-2.1(18%), Cluster-2.2(45%), and Cluster-2.3(37%). Cluster-2.1 had a higher percentage of men compared to clusters-2.2 and 2.3(p = 0.009). Cluster-2.3 had higher headache frequency, and disability compared to Cluster-2.2(p < 0.006), and higher disability compared to Cluster-2.1(p = 0.010). Cluster-2.3 had reduced AROM in all directions compared to Clusters-2.1 and 2.2(p < 0.029). Clusters-2.2 and 2.3 have lower PPT values in all areas compared to Cluster-1.1(p < 0.001). In the Ictal/perictal phase, two clusters were identified according to clinical and psychophysical characteristics, with one group showing no psychophysical impairment and one with increased pain-sensitivity and cervical musculoskeletal-dysfunctions.In the interictal phase, three clusters could be identified, with one group showing no psychophysical impairment, one increased pain-sensitivity, and one increased pain sensitivity and cervical musculoskeletal-dysfunctions.

The Relationship between Teachers and Pupils with Down Syndrome: A Qualitative Study in Primary Schools.

Down syndrome (DS), due the presence of an intellectual disability and a precarious health condition, involves important challenges for developing skills at school. The study explores the relational dynamics between teachers and students with DS and how the latter influence the processes of socialization and learning at school. The study involved 15 (n = 15) special education teachers (M age = 40.4; SD = 9.3) from primary schools in Italy who were or had previously been in charge of a pupil with DS. The teachers were interviewed through a semi-structured interview, built ad hoc. The data were analyzed through the grounded theory method supported by ATLAS.ti software. Data analysis produced 20 (n = 20) categories grouped into 6 (n = 6) macro-categories: (1) psychophysical characteristics; (2) learnings; (3) relational aspects; (4) collaborations; (5) extracurricular activities; and (6) teacher training. The research shows that students with DS have good relationships with their peers; however, there are still some important critical issues, including poor training of teachers on certain topics and on the application of collaborative and relationship support strategies, the limited collaboration between support teachers and curricular teachers, and the absence of support from ad hoc professional figures.

Бунт жінки в маскулінному просторі війни в романі «Доця» Тамари Горіха Зерня

The article is based on the example of the debut novel «Daughter» by the volunteer and translator Tamara Horikha Zernya, who won the Shevchenko Prize-2022 (the highest literary award in Ukraine). It analyzes the peculiarities of the formation of military discourse in modern Ukrainian prose through the perception of a female writer. The article describes the place of a woman in the hegemonic masculine space, characterized by militarism, aggression, and violence. The paper has been traced the process of internal transformation and, as a result, a woman's rebellion against the established gender models of behavior in war conditions by asserting an active civic position and participation in the country's social and political life (volunteering). The writer not only joined the isolated female voices to highlight the topic of the Russian- Ukrainian war in all its manifestations, but she also became almost the only author who brought to the public the irritating topic of gender role polarization in wartime. She raised her voice against the forced removal (taboo) of women from the military discourse. The writer touches on the problem of gender stereotypes in tragic wartime, when men and women, faced with the threat of losing the nation, the motherland, and their own lives, are induced to try on different gender roles, actualizing the manyfolded tragedy of a person at war. Women's voices in understanding war topics play an important role inasmuch they record local, mental, socio-political and other changes in society. Women, being involved in the state of war, analyze the reasons that led to the inevitability of armed conflict, but first of all, they raise the issue of gender polarization roles in the conditions of martial law, in particular the forced removal of women as the weaker sex from the military discourse. The novel «Daughter» by Tamara Horikha Zernya allows you to trace the path of the internal transformation of the heroine under the influence of external circumstances, genetic, mental and psychophysical characteristics. The spiritual and value-based transformation naturally leads to a woman's rebellion against the stereotyped gender models and results in active volunteer activities. The artistic text is the first-person narrative, the real name of the heroine is not mentioned in it, instead the generic designation «Dotsia» is used to highlight the fact that the fate of the protagonist is not unique in our society. The writer is involved in her volunteer experience as the documentary evidences. Thus, the protagonist strives to integrate into the masculine militarized world to realize the desire to be involved in the process of nation-building and restoration of state sovereignty. Keywords: war, masculine space, women, military prose, women's prose, military discourse.

SOCIAL FORMATION OF A CHILD OF PRESCHOOL AGE WITH PSYCHOPHYSICAL DISORDERS AS A SOCIAL PEDAGOGIC PROBLEM

The purpose of the article is to highlight the intermediate results of research work on the creation of an author’s program of systemic influence on all participants of the educational process of working with a special category of children. The relevance of the issue from the standpoint of the main principles of inclusive education, which realizes the equality of the rights of every person to obtain an education with further socialization, is proven. The methodological principles of correctional education, which determine the main patterns of development and upbringing common to all categories of children with psychophysical characteristics, are specified. Methods of research apllied: analysis, generalization, systematization for the researching of scientific literature on the issue under consideration. The conditions for successful socialization of persons (including those with including those with psychophysical disabilities) are formed: combining into a single system all social and pedagogical infrastructures, creation of a social and pedagogical system of an open type, deepening educational work among parents educators, and the public on the specifics of working with children with psychophysical disabilities, creation of programs, technologies (forms, methods implementation of ideas) of the organization of real life activities of those subjects who require help, support and protection; development of new programs and filling them with content. The list of compensations for lost and damaged functions that ensure the restoration or replacement of lost or impaired functions is systematized: active social environment, own desire, volitional efforts, etc. The results of the work of teachers of the Dnipropetrovsk region and scientists of the Department of Preschool Education of Kryvyi Rih State University with preschoolers with psychophysical disorders are represented: expansion of network of specialized educational institutions, opening of the Department of Correctional pedagogy, strengthening the material base, increasing platforms for the exchange of experience exchange.

Analysis of the Structure of Driver Maneuvers in Different Road Conditions

The safety of road users is one of the priority issues taken into account in both the operation and design of vehicles. The presented work is part of a study that aims to develop a method for parametric assessment of driver behavior. The driving style of a driver depends on their skills and psychophysical characteristics, the type and performance of the vehicle used by the driver, and the type of road. This method involves the continuous measurement of the longitudinal and lateral acceleration values of a vehicle body. The paper analyzes how the type of road influences the structure of the maneuvers undertaken by the driver. The paper formulates criteria for distinguishing basic maneuvers (acceleration, braking, and turning). The structure of maneuvers was analyzed for two parameters: the extreme value of acceleration occurring during the execution of a given maneuver and the frequency of maneuvers during the passage of a given route. The analysis presented in this paper confirms that the type of road has a significant influence on the structure of the maneuvers undertaken by the driver.

ШЛЯХИ ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ШТРАФУ ЯК ВИДУ ПОКАРАННЯ НЕПОВНОЛІТНІХ У КРИМІНАЛЬНОМУ ПРАВІ УКРАЇНИ

The article analyzes the problematic issues of applying criminal punishment in the form of a fine to minors, compared to community and correctional works. There is an opinion that the fine as a type of punishment has a rudimentary character and therefore has lost its relevance. However, any type of punishment must be considered based on the very phenomenon of punishment and its features, the juvenile offender, who in most cases is a victim of brutal treatment, involved in begging, drunkenness or other anti-social activities, or is generally a victim of criminogenic influence before convictions. The characteristics that affect the development of the personality of minors and the state of criminal behavior of minors were considered, this is determined by the psychophysiological and socio-psychological characteristics of the minor offender. That is why the biosocial and psychophysiological characteristics of minors must be taken into account in legislation and law enforcement practice when deciding on the admissibility of a particular type of punishment for minors. Psychophysical characteristics of a minor include emotional lability, lack of critical thinking, lack of ability to timely and fully assess the situation, biosocial ones include lack of physical ability to cause resistance, etc. Today, the state shows humanism, thereby giving priority to the best interests of a minor who has come into conflict with the law. The author is convinced that such reformation of the criminal legislation would significantly improve the work with juvenile offenders and would provide the desired results, since, based on the frequency of punishment in the form of a fine to minors, its presence in the Criminal Code is only nostalgia and conservatism of the domestic legislator. Each person must be personally responsible for the committed socially dangerous influence and, if he cannot fulfill the punishment in the form of a fine, the legislator provided, although not ideal, an alternative – community and correctional works. It is manifested in this the principle of individualization of punishment. Key words: correctional works, public works, institution of juvenile punishment, court practice, fine.

Association of parent demographic and psychophysical characteristics and pediatric hospital falls: A pilot and feasibility study

PurposeThis pilot project evaluated the feasibility of conducting a study describing parental characteristics associated with pediatric hospital falls. Design and methodsThis observational case-control study enrolled parent-child dyads of children who fell in the hospital and age-matched controls. Parents completed demographic, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance and stress questionnaires. ResultsFour of 14 (28.6%) eligible faller dyads were recruited. Stress scores were correlated with anxiety and depression scores. Power calculations indicated a need for 392 fallers for a future study to identify associations of parent characteristics and pediatric hospital falls. ConclusionsParents should be informed the ultimate goal of the research is to understand additional ways to prevent pediatric hospital falls. To decrease parental distraction during recruitment, researchers should engage volunteers or child life specialists to entertain younger children. Future studies should consider inclusion of non-English speaking subjects and children discharged within the post-fall eligibility time frame. To decrease multicollinearity concerns, the parent stress tool should be omitted. Due to the large number of fallers needed for an adequately powered sample, a multi-site study will be needed. Practice implicationsA parent is often present when their child falls in the hospital. Fall risk assessment focuses on patient characteristics, neglecting parental psychophysical characteristics which may be associated with risk of falling in the hospital. Associations of parent psychophysical characteristics and pediatric hospital falls needs to be studied further. This pilot study supports the feasibility of and provides recommendations for conducting a study to describe parent characteristics associated with pediatric hospital falls.

CREATION OF CONDITIONS FOR TRAINING STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES IN KAZAKHSTAN UNIVERSITIES: CREATION OF CONDITIONS FOR TRAINING STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES IN KAZAKHSTAN UNIVERSITIES

The article discusses the issues of creating special conditions in universities to ensure the right of people with disabilities to receive high-quality professional education in universities. In order to determine the list of optimal special conditions in universities for high-quality education of students with disabilities, in accordance with the instructions of the Department of Higher and Postgraduate Education of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, a study of the experience of Kazakhstani universities in creating such conditions was organized. The state of the learning process of students with disabilities in Kazakh universities, the benefits applied to them, the development of normative documents on inclusive education, staffing, accessibility of buildings, logistical and educational–methodical support of the educational process adapted to the psychophysical characteristics of students with disabilities, as well as the level of involvement of students with disabilities in the socio-cultural activities of the university, etc. were analyzed. It was determined that some work is being done in Kazakh universities to create special conditions, but it is characterized by a certain lack of consistency and complexity.

A Typology of Attitudes towards the E-Bike against the Background of the Traditional Bicycle and the Car

Although it is generally accepted that innovators and early adopters have a particular influence on the uptake of electric bikes, other groups, whose reactions to innovation have not been studied, are perhaps wrongly marginalised. Such individuals, often relying on stereotypes, also need to be included in researchers’ scope of interest. Therefore, the aim of the CAWI survey was to determine the attitudes of respondents, both users and non-users of electric bikes, and on this basis to classify by k-means analysis the attitudes towards the e-bike compared to the traditional bicycle and the car. The results obtained show a large variation between the designated classes. What most of them have in common is a strong attachment to the private car, which is typical for the cycling culture of this part of Europe, but the psycho-physical characteristics of the surveyed remain the strongest differentiating factor. Therefore, in the light of the opinions collected, it seems that the group Gadget lovers 1 and 2, whose share was about one-quarter of the total number surveyed, may be the most inclined to change their transport behaviour. This means that the e-bike, as an innovation, can overcome a critical discontinuity stage on the innovation diffusion curve in the Innovation Adaptation Lifecycle (IAL).

Professor Alexander Mozzhukhin (by the 100th anniversary of his birth)

Alexander Sergeevich Mozzhukhin was born on August 27, 1921, in Krasnsodar in a family of an employee. After graduating with honors from high school, A.S. Mozzhukhin became a student at the Kuibyshev Military Medical Academy and completed his medical education with honors at the military faculty of the 2nd Moscow Medical Institute. In 1943, A.S. Mozzhukhin came to the Department of Normal Physiology of S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, with whom he connected more than 30 years of his life and in which he went from adjunct to head of the department, and scientific secretary of the academic council of the academy. The scientific activity of A.S. Mozzhukhin began in the life-giving atmosphere, which was formed at the department during the leadership of Academician L.A. Orbeli and his closest assistant A.V. Lebedinsky. All scientific activity of A.S. Mozzhukhin is an organic and natural combination of fundamental problems, physiology, psychophysiology, human biology, and practical medicine. The main scientific direction of the Department of Normal Physiology under the leadership of A.S. Mozzhukhin was on the study of the interaction of afferent systems under exposure to extreme stimuli as well as on the study of human functional reserves. In addition, a team examined the physiological cost of pedagogical activity depending on the age, seniority, psychophysical characteristics of teachers, and type of training sessions. A.S. Mozzhukhin investigated the biological effects of ionizing radiation. Together with chemist F.Yu. Rachinsky, he created a radio defense drug RS-1 and became a leading Soviet radiobiologist. A.S. Mozzhukhin created a unique scientific physiological school of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, which scientifically proved that the adaptation process was accompanied by the formation and improvement of a specific system of functional reserves for body adaptation, and the systemic factor was the result of the activity (adaptation). A.S. Mozzhukhin, while working at P.F. Lesgaft Institute of Physical Culture, proved that functional reserves have potentials in changing the functional activity of structural elements of the body and their interaction among themselves to achieve the target result, adapt to physical and psychoemotional loads, as well as the effect of various factors of the external environment on the body. The bright memory of Alexander Sergeyevich Mozzhukhin will forever remain in the hearts of his students and followers.