Psychomotor Abilities Research Articles

FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE AND PSYCHOMOTOR ABILITIES OF OLDER PRESCHOOL CHILDREN DURING THE PANDEMIC

The problem of mental health and mental development of preschool children attracts the attention of modern psychologists, since the pandemic situation and the associated limitation of opportunities for social interaction have significantly changed the social situation of the development of most preschoolers. At the same time, it is known that the social situation of development is the main factor in the development of the child's psyche, including his psychomotor and cognitive abilities. The article reveals general approaches and principles of studying and diagnosing children's abilities, shows the specifics of conducting diagnostics of preschool children, and also presents the results of an experimental study of psychomotor and cognitive abilities of preschoolers. In the course of the study, a set of psychological techniques was also tested, which the authors reasonably recommend using as tools for diagnosing the abilities of older preschool children.

Depressive Symptoms Moderate the Association Between Lifetime Discrimination and Inhibition Among Older Adults

Discrimination has been identified as a potentially modifiable environmental stressor that reduces cognitive function. As the burden of discrimination can extend from early to late life, understanding its role in cognition in late life is critical. Further, understanding the potential moderating influence of depressive symptoms, which are common among older adults, on the linkage between discrimination and cognition, may provide further insight into the potential patterns of psychosocial stress and negative affect that may promote cognitive decline and dementia. Thus, we sought to examine whether depressive symptoms moderate linear relations of lifetime discrimination to cognitive function in the domains of visuospatial, verbal, and working memory, executive function, and psychomotor ability, adjusting for age, sex, race, and education. Participants were 165 older adults (34% male) with a mean age of 68.43y. Participants completed a health screening, a battery of cognitive tests, a psychosocial assessment, and cardiovascular testing relevant to the larger study. Linear regression results showed a significant interaction between lifetime discrimination and depressive symptoms (p<.05) related to the Stroop interference score, a measure of inhibition. A probe of the interaction showed that greater lifetime discrimination was associated with better inhibition among participants with fewer depressive symptoms. This paradoxical finding is consistent with scant research that shows exposure to discrimination may heighten performance, and is more common among individuals that have achieved more, both educationally and vocationally. Greater depressive symptomatology may reduce this paradoxical association. Future research should explore this question both longitudinally and in a larger sample.

Depressive Symptoms Moderate the Association Between Lifetime Discrimination and Inhibition Among Older Adults

Cognition relates longitudinally and cross-sectionally to physical and psychological health among older adults. The Vascular Hypothesis of Aging (Drewelies & Gerstorf, 2020) suggests that illnesses of a vascular nature (e.g., stroke, hypertension, severe varicose veins) negatively affect cognitive abilities. Awareness of age-related change (AARC) is also related to cognition. What is not known is whether the presence of a vascular illness and daily cognitive abilities interact to predict daily awareness of age-related changes. The purpose of this study is to examine the daily fluctuations of cognition, (i.e., memory failures) and their interaction with vascular illness to predict daily awareness of age-related changes. Data were analyzed from 104 participants (M age = 64.67, 60-90 years) who completed online self-report questionnaires. On Day 1, participants answered baseline questionnaires regarding presence of vascular illness, and on Days 2-9 completed measures regarding AARC losses and memory failures. Multilevel models revealed main effects of daily memory failures on awareness of age-related losses, such that on days with more memory failures, older adults reported more age-related losses. We also found a main effect for vascular illness, such that those with a vascular illness reported higher levels of daily age-related losses. We did not find a significant interaction between vascular illness and daily memory failures on daily reported age-related losses. Our results provide preliminary evidence that the vascular hypothesis of aging may also extend to perceptions of age-related changes. Future research could consider examining daily symptoms of vascular illness as they unfold over time.

Cognitive Dysfunction: Common Side Effect.

For cognitive dysfunction, standards of care are based on established evidence-based practice.&nbsp;Cognitive dysfunction is the decline in function in one or more cognitive domains, including attention and concentration, executive function, information processing speed, language, visuospatial skill, psychomotor ability, and/or learning and memory.&nbsp;Cognitive dysfunction occurs in 80% of patients with brain tumors, 40% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia, and as many as&nbsp;75% of patients with breast cancer.

COVID-19 Pandemic and Challenges for Dental Education

The COVID-19 pandemic has a different impact on everyone. The impact is not only on mortality and morbidity in infected people but also on the mental health of uninfected people.1,2 Apart from the health side, other sectors that may also be affected include the industrial sector, tourism, and education.3 The COVID-19 pandemic poses enormous challenges to all stakeholders in the educational field such as lecturers, students, and leaders and staff of institutions.1 Learning that was previously delivered in-person in the classroom has shifted to an online platform. The trend for all elements in learning today is towards the digital arena. One solution in the world of education is the use of asynchronous learning, which allows learning to be carried out at different times. It gives lecturers the flexibility to prepare learning materials and allow students to adjust to the demands of home and study. This system creates flexibility in learning without compromising competency.&#x0D; In the field of dentistry, in addition to learning in the classroom to obtain cognitive abilities, learning to achieve psychomotor abilities is also important. This psychomotor ability in dental education can be done through a simulation laboratory and clinical skills training. These aspects are challenging. Several countries have implemented the use of virtual reality (VR) in simulation laboratories to get the sensation of practice on the simulation model. However, this has not yet been fully adapted to all dental education institutions because the facilities owned by the institution still do not fully support this technology.4-6 The high risk of transmission through aerosols is a major challenge in dental education based on clinical skills training.7 The use of tele-dentistry, an electronic-based dentistry medical consultation facility, is an alternative.8,9 This facility can shorten dental treatment visits that have a high risk of transmission. In addition, in emergency dental care and other dental treatments, the use of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) can reduce the risk of infection transmission.&#x0D; Finally, dental education innovations in cognitive and psychomotor aspects are urgently needed today in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic to achieve optimal student competencies.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Dr. Agung Sosiawan, drg., M.H., M.Kes. Dean Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; REFERENCES &#x0D; &#x0D; Daniel J. Education and the COVID-19 pandemic. Prospects. 2020 Oct;49(1):91-6.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Pfefferbaum B, North CS. Mental health and the COVID-19 pandemic. N Engl J Med. 2020 Aug 6; 383(6):510-2.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Khanna RC, Cicinelli MV, Gilbert SS, Honavar SG, Murthy GV. COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learned and future directions. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2020 May; 68(5):703.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Chang TY, Hong G, Paganelli C, Phantumvanit P, Chang WJ, Shieh YS, Hsu ML. Innovation of dental education during COVID-19 pandemic. J Dent Sci. 2021 Jan 1; 16(1):15-20.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Desai BK. Clinical implications of the COVID‐19 pandemic on dental education. J Dent Educ. 2020 May; 84(5):512.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Alzahrani SB, Alrusayes AA, Aldossary MS. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on dental education, research, and students. Int J Health Sci Res. 2020 Jun; 10:207-12.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Deery C. The COVID-19 pandemic: implications for dental education. Evidence-based Dentistry. 2020 Jun; 21(2):46-7.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Machado RA, Bonan PR, Perez DE, MARTELLI H. COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on dental education: discussing current and future perspectives. Braz Oral Res. 2020 Jun 29;34.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Machado RA, Souza NL, Oliveira RM, Martelli Júnior H, Bonan PR. Social media and telemedicine for oral diagnosis and counselling in the COVID-19 era. Oral Oncol. 2020 Jun; 105:104685.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Predictors of interindividual differences in vulnerability to neurobehavioral consequences of chronic partial sleep restriction.

Interindividual differences in the neurobehavioral response to sleep loss are largely unexplained and phenotypic in nature. Numerous factors have been examined as predictors of differential response to sleep loss, but none have yielded a comprehensive view of the phenomenon. The present study examines the impact of baseline factors, habitual sleep-wake patterns, and homeostatic response to sleep loss on accrued deficits in psychomotor vigilance during chronic partial sleep restriction (SR), in a total of 306 healthy adults that participated in one of three independent laboratory studies. Findings indicate no significant impact of personality, academic intelligence, subjective reports of chronotype, sleepiness and fatigue, performance on working memory, and demographic factors such as sex, ethnicity, and body mass index, on neurobehavioral vulnerability to the negative effects of sleep loss. Only superior baseline performance on the psychomotor vigilance test and ability to sustain wakefulness on the maintenance of wakefulness test were associated with relative resilience to decrements in vigilant attention during SR. Interindividual differences in vulnerability to the effects of sleep loss were not accounted for by prior sleep history, habitual sleep patterns outside of the laboratory, baseline sleep architecture, or homeostatic sleep response during chronic partial SR. A recent theoretical model proposed that sleep-wake modulation may be influenced by competing internal and external demands which may promote wakefulness despite homeostatic and circadian signals for sleep under the right circumstances. Further research is warranted to examine the possibility of interindividual differences in the ability to prioritize external demands for wakefulness in the face of mounting pressure to sleep.

ANALYSIS DIMENSIONS OF CREATIVITY IN STEM INTEGRATED PROJECT-BASED LEARNING

This study aims to analyze the dimensions of creativity in integrated project-based learning in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). The research method uses descriptive statistical analysis. This research was conducted on students of the Physics Education Study Program in Banjarmasin. The research subjects consisted of 24 physics teacher prospective students programming Applied Physics courses. Data obtained through tests, questionnaires and interviews. Data were analyzed by calculating the normality test, difference test, and N Gain. The results showed the order of increasing the percentage of N Gain in the creativity dimension from the lowest to the highest, namely the person dimension, the press dimension, the product dimension, and the process dimension. The strength of this research is to train the creativity of prospective teacher students through project creation by integrating STEM fields that combine cognitive, affective, and psychomotor abilities by exploring the problems that exist in their neighborhood. Further research on the dimensions of creativity in other learning models is needed to explore student creativity continuously and sustainably in order to produce quality resources.

Psychomotor function in children with epilepsy seen at a tertiary hospital in southern Nigeria: does treatment with anti-epileptic drugs have any effect?

BackgroundPsychomotor slowing is more commonly reported in children with epilepsy (CWE) compared to healthy controls. The effect of anti-epileptic drug (AED) treatment on psychomotor abilities of CWE remains controversial. In Nigeria, psychomotor abilities of CWE are scarcely investigated and the impact of AEDs is not known. The present study sought to assess psychomotor performance of CWE compared to healthy controls and to determine any association with seizure characteristics and treatment.MethodA comparative cross-sectional study involving 160 children with idiopathic epilepsy and 80 controls aged 6–16 years. Psychomotor function was assessed using reaction times and tapping task of the Iron psychology computerised test battery. The criterion for impairment was fixed at two standard deviations (SD) worse than the mean of age-matched controls. The relationship between seizure variables and psychomotor function was assess with the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultFifty-nine (36.9%) CWE had impaired auditory reaction, 50 (31.3%) with impaired visual reaction and 11 (6.9%) had fine motor control impairment. There was no significant difference in psychomotor performance between CWE on AED and the newly diagnosed counterparts yet to start AED treatment (auditory reaction time—p = 0.226; visual reaction time—p = 0.349; tapping task—p = 0.818). AED treatment duration over 5 years was associated with better auditory reaction time (F = 4.631, p = 0.034) in CWE. Also, seizure onset before 5 years of age was associated with slower auditory reaction (F = 4.912, p = 0.028) and verbal reaction (F = 14.560, p < 0.001).ConclusionNigerian CWE perform less favourably on tests of psychomotor function than healthy controls. The performance of children on AED is not significantly different from those not on AED. Longer duration of AED treatment may result in psychomotor improvement in CWE. CWE should be closely monitored for psychomotor slowness so that deficits can be identified and appropriate interventions instituted.

Comparative Evaluation of Changes in Physiological and Psychomotor Effects in Pediatric Patients during Extraction under Different Concentrations of Nitrous Oxide-Oxygen Inhalation Sedation.

Introduction:Nonpharmacological behavioral management techniques are routinely used to create an environment that facilitates and builds a rapport between the child and the dentist to carry out procedures with minimal disruption. However, the discomfort associated with oral injections produces varying degrees of stress in all patients. Nitrous oxide (N2O)–oxygen (O2) inhalation sedation is one of the most widely used modalities for the management of fear and anxiety in children.Objective:The objective was to evaluate changes in physiological and psychomotor effects in pediatric patients during extraction under different concentrations of N2O–O2 inhalation sedation.Materials and Methods:A total of 300 healthy patients in the age range of 6–12 years (mean 8.9 years), who needed extraction of primary tooth, were included in the study. Pulse rate, SpO2, blood pressure (BP), and temperature were recorded at baseline, 30% N2O concentration, 50% N2O concentration, and again postoperatively. In addition, anxiety levels and neuromuscular coordination were recorded at the respective intervals.Results:The results revealed a mean decrease in pulse rate and BP from baseline and an increase in temperature and O2 saturation during the sedation procedure. The findings were statistically significant. Significant impairment of coordination and psychomotor ability was seen at each step. Anxiety had significantly reduced after the onset of sedation due to the anxiolytic effect of N2O.Conclusion:N2O–O2 inhalation sedation under different concentrations reduces the anxiety of the patient and produces adequate sedation with vital signs within normal limits along with temporary impairment of psychomotor ability and coordination.

Теоретическое исследование дефиниций понятий «психомоторика» и «психомоторные способности»

In the article the author presents a description of the historical and theoretical analysis of the changing views of scientists – from classics to contemporaries-on the content of the conceptual and terminological apparatus for studying psychomotor phenomena. The purpose of the work is to study and analyze scientific approaches to the definition of the concepts of “psychomotor” and “psychomotor abilities”, as well as to identify the constituent and system-forming components of the phenomena behind them. The author raises the question of the need to introduce a generally accepted definition of the concepts under study. The study also identifies the main scientific directions of the problem of the development of human psychomotor abilities. The author has built a logical and historical sequence in the development of this problem, as well as considered various theoretical and applied aspects of the study of the phenomena of psychomotor and psychomotor abilities. The content of the conceptual and terminological apparatus of the definitions “psychomotor” and “psychomotor abilities” is specified. The article analyzes more than two dozen definitions of reflexive concepts, which reflects the most complete picture of the currently existing theoretical developments in the description of the studied problem of psychomotor phenomena and emphasizes its relevance.

Factor structure of the Modified Mini Mental State (3MS) exam among participants in inpatient neurorehabilitation

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the factor structure of the Modified Mini Mental State (3MS) Exam and its suitability as a cognitive screening tool among individuals admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation unit for new-onset neurological injury/illness. Method: A retrospective chart review was conducted. Of the 187 individuals meeting the inclusion criteria, 116 had a diffuse pattern of neurological injury/illness; 71 had a focal injury/illness. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses (CFA; EFA) were conducted for the whole sample and separately by group. Results: The CFA suggested poor fit indices. The EFA of the total sample suggested a three-factor solution (Orientation/Awareness; Learning/Recall and Executive Functioning; Psychomotor Ability). The EFA of the diffuse subsample suggested a three-factor solution (Attention and Learning/Recall; Psychomotor Ability; Expressive Language). The Orientation/Awareness, Learning/Recall, Executive Functioning, Psychomotor Ability, and Expressive Language four-factor solution observed among the focal subsample was considered invalid. Conclusion: The 3MS provides information about the pattern of cognitive performance among individuals in neurorehabilitation; clinicians are advised to interpret total scores with caution. Among individuals with focal injuries/illnesses, clinicians might use the 3MS to compare the pattern of cognitive ability to expectations for performance and to support strengths-based approaches to participation in rehabilitation therapies.

Peningkatan kemampuan psikomotorik siswa dalam pembelajaran bola voli passing atas menggunakan teknik bola pantul pada siswa kelas X MAN 1 Kota Semarang

Angga Pratama, "Increasing the Psychomotor abilities of Students in Learning Top Passing Volleyball Using the Bounce Ball Technique in Class X Students of MAN 1 Semarang City". Essay. Department of Physical Education for Health and Recreation, Faculty of Social Sciences and Sport Education, PGRI University Semarang, 2020. Utvi Hinda Zhannisa, S.Pd., M.Ordan Ibnu Fatkhu Royana, S.Pd., M.Pd. Education is a very important field, especially in Indonesia. In the language of the definition of education is the process of changing the attitudes and behaviour of a person or group of people in an effort to mature humans through teaching and training efforts that are in accordance with the educational procedure itself. The purpose of this study was to determine the improvement of students' psychomotor abilities in learning volleyball using the bounce ball technique in class X students in MAN 1 Semarang City. The design used in this study belongs to the type of quantitative research. The use of a quantitative approach with pre-experimental methods. The population in this study were students of class X in MAN 1 Semarang City. The research sample was taken by means of random sampling. This research will involve 106 students of MAN 1 Semarang City. Based on the calculation, the sig value for pretest data obtained the sig value = 0.064&gt; 0.05. For the posttest data, the sig = 0.056&gt; 0.05 was obtained, so it can be concluded that the pretest and posttest data are homogeneous. The increase in the ability to pretest all volley passing is a minimum of 82,675%. for a maximum value of 89.33%. Data analysis and discussion obtained the following conclusions: There are differences in the psychomotor abilities of students in learning volleyball passing over before and after being given training using the bouncing ball technique in class X MAN 1 Semarang City. From these results, it can be concluded that there is an increase in the psychomotor abilities of students in learning volleyball passing overusing the bouncing ball technique in class X MAN 1 Semarang City students. The increase in the percentage of overpassing ability is 22.38%. It is better if the class X student coaches of MAN 1 Semarang City apply exercises using the bouncing ball technique considering that this exercise has been proven effective in improving students' psychomotor skills in learning volleyball passing over.

How well do the traffic psychological assessment systems predict on‐road driving behaviour?

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the predictive validities of three different traffic psychological assessment systems used in Turkey (ART 2020, TRAFIKENT and Vienna Test System) by using systematic observation of driving behaviour in natural traffic settings. For this purpose, 176 drivers were evaluated by observers and then tested in three different traffic psychological assessment systems. Drivers participated in a 45 km (approx. 80 min) driving session consisting of diverse road types. Observers filled systematic observation forms comprising 35 errors/violations on 10 road segments. Furthermore, observers evaluated participants regarding cognitive and psychomotor abilities measured with the psychological assessment system. Consequently, although the systems' power to predict on‐road behaviour was similar, the tests/abilities that contributed to the models differed in each system except for the reasoning test. It was recommended to increase the weight of these predictive tests in deciding safe driving for each system.

Kesadaran dan Sikap Seorang Muslim Dalam Melaksanakan Tugas dan Fungsi Manusia

The current state of the world which is getting worse in terms of awareness as servants and shallow in terms of faith, this requires us to further increase our faith and devotion to Allah SWT. Increased faith and piety can work if done by people who are aware of their duties and roles as servants of Allah and the Caliph who convey the message of Da'wah from the Creator to all mankind. So we need an implementation in tiered and continuous learning through education Education is a process for self-development so that one is able to find a theory or skill so that one is able to internalize oneself in the form of cognitive, affective and psychomotor abilities into a single unit that cannot be separated in the process of Islamic education. The awareness and attitude of a Muslim will be able to give birth to humans who think in accordance with the Aqeedah, Shari'a and Akhlaq of Muslims, from the results of this thinking, humans are able to find a science that makes changes and human civilization&#x0D;

An Empirical Comparison between the Effects of Normal and Low Vision on Kinematics of a Mouse-Mediated Pointing Movement

ABSTRACT Vision problem is affecting many Americans today. While there are several pioneering studies that examine computer input tasks performed by people with low vision, most focus on aggregate measures of performance, such as total task time. To provide a more detailed analysis of low vision user performance, we captured kinematics of pointing movements with the goal of determining the effect of low vision on the process of the movement. Ten participants were recruited to form a sighted and a low vision group. After controlling for the effects of age and psychomotor ability, differences in movement performance and kinematics between the two groups were compared. As expected, longer movement times were observed among low vision participants. When the movement was parsed into primary (i.e., initial phase) and secondary (i.e., homing phase) submovements, the kinematics of the primary submovement were similar for the two groups. However, low vision participants were found to spend more time in the secondary submovement. The effect of visual condition was amplified when a low vision participant had to move the cursor over longer distances. These findings suggest that for computing tasks requiring mouse-mediated pointing, task improvements focused on the secondary movement (i.e. homing phase) would benefit low vision users. Improving performance during homing phase could result in the overall improvement of performance. These results could also be useful to guide the development of adaptive and individualized assistive technology to assist users acquire intended targets. These results could also be useful to guide the development of adaptive and individualized assistive technology to assist users acquire intended targets.

Analisis Metode Penelitian Eksperimen pada Pembelajaran IPA di Tingkat Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP)

Various types of educational devices that are used as a support for the creation of a good education are certainly important. One of them is using an effective method to provide a concept to students optimally. This study aims to analyze how high and important the influence of the experimental method on science subjects at the junior high school. The method used is a qualitative research method with a mini survey method on 47 samples consisting of junior high school students, high school students, college students, and alumni students as well as a literature study method (library study) which is carried out by screening electronic books (e-books) and e- journals. The results showed that 94% of experimental research methods were effectively used and 6% were not effectively used in the science learning process. The effectiveness of this method is that students can prove that an accepted concept is in accordance with the given theory and students can hone their psychomotor abilities. The weakness of this method is that it can be seen from the inadequate infrastructure, the ability of teachers, controlling students, and the selection of practicum materials.

Computerized Cognitive Training (CCT) versus Yoga Impact on 12 Month Post Intervention Cognitive Outcome in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

There is currently limited and mixed evidence for the cognitive benefits of Computerized Cognitive Training (CCT) and yoga in persons with Mild Cognitive Impairment (pwMCI). The objective of this study was to investigate the benefit of computerized cognitive training (CCT) vs. physical (yoga) intervention on cognitive abilities. Participants in this study were part of the larger Mayo Clinic’s Healthy Action to Benefit Independence and Thinking (HABIT) program comparative effectiveness trial. The HABIT program is designed for pwMCI and their care partner and consists of five behavioral interventions: CCT, Memory Support System-Calendar (MSS-Calendar), wellness education, support groups, and yoga. The subtractive study design randomly withheld one of the interventions for a total of five study arms. Longitudinal mixed-effects regression models were used to investigate the hypothesis that CCT and yoga has a greater positive impact on psychomotor and basic attention abilities at 12 months post-intervention as compared to the other HABIT interventions. Findings showed CCT had a positive impact compared to yoga on the Cogstate psychomotor/attention composite at 12 months post-intervention (ES = 0.54; unadjusted p value = 0.007, adjusted p value = 0.021). The impact of yoga or combining CCT with yoga did not show statistically significant improvement. Continued CCT practice at home showed further benefit on psychomotor/attention at 12 months post-intervention. There was no significant benefit of CCT or yoga on Cogstate learning/working memory composite.

Improving Students Understanding Of The Concept Of Sound Propagation Through Cooperative Learning The Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) In Class IV SD IMPRESS 12/79 BIRU 1Tanete Riattang, Bone District

This study aims to find out cooperative learning is a learning model where students learn in small groups to share ideas/opinions and work together to solve problems and take responsibility individually and in groups to achieve common goals. The cooperative learning process for students is needed to express ideas and develop cognitive, affective, and psychomotor abilities to improve students' understanding in the form of science process skills including observing, classifying, predicting, and communicating. Improve students' understanding of group learning in the science learning process, it has a positive impact on students. This is in line with that, students can be interested in learning science if they are allowed to carry out activities in the science learning process through real observations or by experimental science processes that have been prepared rather than being taught verbally. The purpose of learning science in elementary schools is to develop attitudes and skills as well as the ability to increase knowledge and think critically.

HUBUNGAN KESIAPAN ORANG TUA DENGAN KEMAMPUAN PSIKOMOTORIK SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DARING DIMASA PANDEMI COVID-19

COVID-19 is a type of virus that attacks the respiratory system, this virus is a family with SARS and MERS. The impact of this virus makes some countries force online learning, namely learning through internet social media, online learning has a very beneficial effect on the psychomotor aspects of students. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of parental readiness in online learning with students' psychomotor abilities. Subjects in this study were Mohammad Hatta elementary school students grade 3 and parents of students with 30 each. The parameters studied were online readiness including the provision of infrastructure tools, application systems, and online content. The parameters used for the psychomotor aspects of art and cultural materials and craft making a miniature house include the preparation stage, the process stage, the product. Data collection technique is observation using a Likert scale questionnaire. Data analysis using Pearson's task test. The results showed that the average readiness of parents during online learning in the provision of infrastructure tools was 73%, application systems 62%, online content 62%. The average value of psychomotor ability is 81%. The findings of this study are the correlation between parents 'readiness in online learning and students' psychomotor abilities (0.638 0.361)

Alleviate the contending issues in network operating system courses: Psychomotor and troubleshooting skill development with Raspberry Pi

Abstract Despite the growing popularity of network operating system courses in vocational high schools, issues have been raised regarding the lack of appropriate computer hardware specifications and the limited use of real networking devices. The media that have been used in teaching network operating systems have been based on virtualization-based simulation. However, such virtualization does not expose students to real hardware. This results in less than optimal hands-on activities and students’ psychomotor abilities. Consequently, alternative authentic media are needed to accommodate practical learning and improve psychomotor skills. The aim of this study is to explore the implementation of a single-board microcomputer in learning network operating systems. The Raspberry Pi was chosen as it can replace the role of a non-simulation PC. The choice of Raspberry Pi was also based on the fact that in Indonesia it is still rare to find its implementation for teaching and learning activities in vocational high school, so it is necessary to introduce the device to students. The operating system used by the Raspberry Pi is similar to Ubuntu, which is one of the network operating systems that must be mastered by vocational IT students. The research made a comparison between the two learning media as employed by two groups of students in different classes, one using virtualization-based simulation and the other using the Raspberry Pi. Based on the results, it is concluded that the use of the Raspberry Pi is more effective than that of virtualization-based simulation in improving students’ psychomotor and troubleshooting skills.