Psychological Recovery Research Articles

A longitudinal study of Oklahoma City bombing rescue and recovery responders providing qualitative introspections of their experience nearly a quarter century later.

The 1995 terrorist bombing in Oklahoma City provided a particularly useful research opportunity. It was the most severe incident of terrorism on American soil at the time. Prior research on rescue and recovery workers responding to such events has been largely limited to early post-disaster periods, most focusing on psychopathology such as post-traumatic stress disorder. This incident provided a unique unrealized opportunity to examine long-term psychosocial effects on first responders studied longitudinally over decades after the event, using qualitative methods to yield rich, in-depth observations. A volunteer sample of 181 volunteer first responders for the Oklahoma City bombing was initially assessed 3 years after the bombing, and 124 (70 percent of those documented to still be alive) participated in longitudinal follow-up interviews an average of 23-24 years after the incident. The follow-up study included open-ended, nondirected qualitative interviews of the workers' personal disaster narratives. The experience of providing rescue and recovery efforts after the Oklahoma City bombing had lasting effects on these first responders' personal and professional relationships. It taxed their coping skills, elicited an enduring resilience, and permanently altered their outlook on life. Unlike the directly exposed survivors, these first responders found meaning and affirmation in their professional service, reaffirming their original motivations to be part of a helping profession that in today's world now requires recovery and rescue work in major terrorist incidents. Even though the work was very gruesome and taxing, more than two decades later, these workers expressed pride in their participation and had no regrets about it. The Oklahoma City bombing experience was life-changing for first responders, setting a standard for those who will follow in their footsteps. Continuing to conduct this line of work in the decades to follow reflected a conviction that their continued service honored both survivors and members of their profession. Despite the positive aspects of their perspectives on their experience, the attention they received to their emotional and psychological processing and recovery was limited, implying the importance of additional development and research on assistance to these needs.

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With the beginning of the large-scale invasion of the armed forces of the Russian Federation, Ukrainian military personnel of the Defense Forces of Ukraine, after participating in combat operations, began to experience combat stress, which manifested itself in the form of acute stress reactions, affective and anxiety disorders, adaptation disorders, addictive and delinquent behavior, suicidal manifestations. Therefore, for such military personnel, after long-term participation in hostilities, it is necessary to carry out measures of psychological recovery. The developed seven-day "Invincibility Program" was implemented during 2022?2023 in a rehabilitation center located not far from the combat zone, where more than 3500 military personnel underwent psychological recovery. The purpose of the psychological recovery program for military personnel after participating in combat operations was to eliminate the negative impact of combat stress on the psyche of combatants, strengthen mental health and mobilize their psychological resources, improve adaptation to combat conditions, and return military personnel to combat activities as soon as possible. In order to carry out the psychological recovery of military personnel after the completion of combat missions, the testimony was formulated, which established the fact that the combatants experienced events that go beyond ordinary human experience, capable of traumatizing the psyche of any healthy person. The main measures included in the "Invincibility Program" were conducted in group form and consisted of three blocks: psychological, medical, and social. The program's activities led to an improvement in the mental state and positive significant changes in the well-being of its participants, the mobilization of psychological resources, and an increase in the resilience of military personnel to combat stress.

Unveiling the Experiences of the Vehicular Accident Victims

Road accidents particularly vehicular accidents have been one of the most common causes of death around the world. It has been the leading cause of trauma, injuries, and even death to people who are otherwise the victims or the to someone who causes the accident. These accidents result from human errors contributed by the following risks factors, driving without a license and the right training, driving under the influence of alcohol and prohibited drugs which will result in speeding, driving without the proper use of safety equipment like the absence of the use of helmet and seat-belt and driving while being distracted. This study seeks to unveil the experiences/cases of the victims of the vehicular accident who otherwise have gone into traumatic experiences during and after the incident in order to determine the underlying concerns that need to be addressed for future reference in search for remedies to extend specific assistance needed concerning to the victims of the vehicular accident. There are fifteen (15) respondents that have gone into this study and permitted themselves to be the participants of the conducted study. Data gathering is achieved through interviews using YIn’s Approach: plan, design, prepare, collect, analyze, and share in order to come up with qualitative data. Data gathered were analyzed and researchers have found the following themes: a. Emotional Trauma b. Psychological Trauma c. The Legal Process. The researchers have presented the implications of the findings and have commendations to concerned government agencies to provide assistance to vehicular victims and support them specifically in emotional and psychological recovery, legal process, and other assistance needed to serve the right of the victim.

Study on the Impact of Campus Green Space Biodiversity on the Physical and Mental Health of College Students

Green landscapes in colleges and universities have important effects on the physiological and psychological indicators of college students. Based on virtual reality technology and environmental emotion perception measurement technology, the article constructs three biodiversity virtual reality landscape green areas and measures the changes of physiological indexes (brain waves) and psychological indexes (anxiety level) during 68 subjects’ experience of virtual reality scenes to investigate the effects of different biodiversity green areas landscape on human physiological and psychological indexes. The results showed that: The biodiversity of the green space landscape had significant effects on physiological and psychological recovery, in which the high biodiversity environment had better recovery effects than the low biodiversity; however, students were more focused in the low biodiversity environment; the effects of the virtual green space landscape on physiological and psychological were consistent with the real environment.

PESQUISA SOBRE AS CAUSAS DE LESÕES ESPORTIVAS E REABILITAÇÃO NO TREINAMENTO FÍSICO UNIVERSITÁRIO

ABSTRACT Introduction College students represent a large proportion of amateur athletes in China. In sports practices, some unavoidable situations lead to physical injuries that can seriously affect the daily life of these students. Formulating rehabilitation plans to avoid secondary complications and speed up the students’ return to their daily activities is necessary. Objective To study the causes of sports injuries and the effect of sports rehabilitation on university physical training. Methods Through questionnaires and interviews, 720 students and 25 teachers with a history of sports injuries were selected to investigate the causes of students’ sports injuries. Then, 20 volunteers were selected as research subjects. They received a rehabilitation training protocol three times a week for six weeks. EMG signals of the athletes’ shoulder and neck muscles were measured. Results Sports injury is an inevitable problem during college physical training. Training joint flexibility and stability can effectively improve the surface EMG signals in the area adjacent to the joint to improve muscle strength and joint amplitude level. Conclusion Students should consciously undertake rehabilitation training under professional guidance and receive full instruction in sports rehabilitation procedures involving a combination of physical and psychological recovery. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Середовищний компонент системи професійної підготовки майбутніх соціальних педагогів та соціальних працівників до роботи із вразливими категоріями населення

The article provides a meaningful description of the environmental component of the system of professional training of future social teachers and social workers to work with vulnerable categories of the population. The environmental component is represented by the internal side of the institution of higher education, within which it becomes possible to achieve the goal of the system – the formation of professional readiness of future social teachers and social workers to work with vulnerable categories of the population. It includes (administrative and teaching staff of the departments, heads of practices, advisors (curators of academic groups), representatives of student self-government bodies, various structural units and services of the university such as social units, career development, psychological recovery and adaptation, development of leadership skills, development of creative skills, informational, inclusive, etc.). The environmental component is also represented by the external side of the institution of higher education, within which it becomes possible to achieve the goal of the system – the formation of professional readiness of future social teachers and social workers to work with vulnerable categories of the population. It includes individuals, various social institutions: institutions of education, health care, social protection, internal affairs bodies, service for children, centres of social services for families, children and youth, territorial centres of social services for pensioners and single citizens unable to work, centres employment, centres for professional, medical and social rehabilitation of the disabled, geriatric institutions, shelters for minors, centres for socio-psychological rehabilitation of minors, night shelters for homeless citizens, registration centres for homeless citizens, social hotels, territorial social service centres (provision of social services), military parts, charitable, public, volunteer organizations, foundations, etc.).

From Laughter to Medicine, from Clowning to Therapy

“Laughter is the best medicine,” was just a saying up until, therapeutic clowning started using humour and play to bring about emotional healing and psychological recovery. This article attempts to review 27research based articles in a thematic fashion, to develop a comprehensive understanding about therapeutic clowning, its effects across different conditions and specific populations, and how it could be established as a profession. The review not only adds to the existing literature on medical clowning, but also tries to highlight the therapeutic nature of it, and how it lends itself in maintaining the holistic well-being of the diseased or disabled. After close examination, it was found out that therapeutic clowning has positive and sustainable consequences for community well-being. This also expands further scope for future researches to measure the effects of therapeutic clowning so that it could be accepted as an intervention model or a psycho-socio-emotional rehabilitation model.

Even mild internalized stigma merits attention among adults with serious mental illness.

Internalized or self-stigma can be damaging to psychological and social functioning and recovery, especially for people with serious mental illness. Most studies have focused on the effects of high self-stigma, which has included both moderate and high self-stigma, versus low levels of self-stigma which has included no, minimal, or mild self-stigma. Therefore, little is known about the variation within these categories (e.g., minimal versus mild self-stigma) and its impact on recovery. This article examines differences in the demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables associated with different levels of self-stigma severity. Baseline data (N = 515) from two concurrent randomized controlled trials of a psychosocial intervention aimed at reducing internalized stigma, and its effects among adults with serious mental illnesses were examined. We found that participants with greater psychological sense of belonging, and greater perceived recovery were significantly less likely to have mild or moderate/high internalized stigma than minimal stigma. Those reporting a greater frequency of stigma experiences, however, were more likely to have mild or moderate/high internalized stigma than minimal stigma. Our findings further underscore the multifaceted nature and impact of self-stigma, particularly in interpersonal relationships and interactions, and demonstrate the importance of attending to even mild levels of self-stigma endorsement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Assessment of Behavioural Preparedness on Recovery Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgeries

Introduction: Behavioural preparedness is the process of preparing patients for the psychological and emotional challenges that may be encountered during and after surgery. This can include providing education about the surgical procedure and postoperative recovery, as well as training in coping strategies and techniques to manage anxiety, fear, and other negative emotions. Prior sensitisation is a form of behavioural preparedness that involves providing patients with information about the potential outcomes of their surgery in advance, in order to help them better understand and prepare for potential challenges. It has been suggested that providing this type of education and training may reduce patient anxiety, increase co-operation with medical staff, and improve recovery, potentially leading to shorter hospital stays and reduced medication needs. Aim: To assess the effects of behavioural preparedness and prior sensitisation on psychological aspects, recovery outcomes, and user satisfaction in patients undergoing abdominal surgeries. Materials and Methods: The study will be undertaken on patients in the Inpatient Department (IPD) of Department of Surgery in a rural tertiary care hospital in central India, during a period spanning two months. All adult patients (aged 18-60) undergoing elective abdominal surgical procedures under anaesthesia in the IPD of surgery will be eligible. The patients will be randomly selected and interviewed preoperatively, dividing them into two groups those receiving the intervention and those receiving standard care with no intervention. The investigator will provide an oral presentation to the intervention group regarding their recovery outcomes and expectations. Subjects will be evaluated with a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scale for pain, RAND Short Form health Survey (SF36) questionnaire for physical mobility, RAND Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire III (PSQ-18) instrument for user satisfaction, length of hospital stay and analgesic switchover time on a survey form and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) forms Y1 and Y2 for comparison of preoperative and postoperative negative affects. Effects of the intervention on recovery outcomes will be compared via the Chi-square test, the Mann-Whitney U test for comparison of qualitative data between the two groups and the Student’s Unpaired t-test for comparison of quantitative data between the groups. Wilcoxon’s Signed Rank test and the Student’s paired t-test will be used for analysing qualitative and quantitative input between preoperative and postoperative states. Conclusion: The study seeks to determine if a significant difference occurs from providing patients withprior knowledge about their outcomes and establishing the benefits of psychological preparedness as a cost-effective method in improving outcomes and postoperative recovery

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The results of the developed methodology "Assessment of negative mental reactions and conditions in military personnel" are presented. The methodology consists of 16 statements, the results of which determine the presence of negative psychological symptoms in military personnel associated with participation in combat operations, and is a convenient tool for assessing the dynamics of the state in the conditions of short-term psychological rehabilitation programs. In contrast to the existing methods of diagnosing negative mental reactions and personality states that arose after participation in hostilities, the developed psychodiagnostic toolkit is able to take into account the physical and mental fatigue of the interviewees, the deterioration of their attention and other cognitive dysfunctions associated with experiencing a stressful experience; able to visually demonstrate changes in mental state that occurred during the psychological rehabilitation program. In addition to the information useful for the psychologist, during individual counseling, the visual form has a therapeutic effect for the serviceman himself, who is convinced of the effectiveness and usefulness of these measures; it is convenient for summarizing data and receiving feedback from the psychologist about the effectiveness of introducing new measures into psychological recovery programs; useful for obtaining information about the effectiveness of individual counseling work, providing the psychologist with a reflection on his professional activity. With the existing workload on psychologists, there is a need for supervision and their rotation in institutions that carry out psychological rehabilitation. The developed method was tested on a sample of more than 1,300 servicemen who took part in the psychological rehabilitation program.

ТУРИСТИЧНИЙ ТА ГОТЕЛЬНО-РЕСТОРАННИЙ БІЗНЕС ІВАНО-ФРАНКІВЩИНИ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ – РЕАЛІЇ СЬОГОДЕННЯ

The article analyzes the state of the tourist and hotel-restaurant business in the Ivano-Frankivsk region in the condition of the war. Considering the relative safety of the territory, Ivano-Frankivsk is a shelter for internally displaced persons, relocated businesses. Despite the difficult military situation in the country, there are relatively positive indicators of the development of the hotel and restaurant business. This is due to the fact that people fleeing the war from the occupied territories fled to safe regions of Ukraine, in particular, to Ivano-Frankivsk region. Accordingly, they rented housing and visited restaurants Tourism is one of the most vulnerable sectors of the economy, which suffered greatly from russia's war against Ukraine. At the same time, the hospitality industry is very flexible and has had to adapt quickly to all the challenges faced during the war. Ivano-Frankivsk region has a strong potential for the development of domestic tourism, which is now being particularly emphasize. Local accommodation and catering establishments have been supporting war victims since the first days of the war. But the fact remains that, as in the entire territory of Ukraine, the war had an extremely negative impact on the activities of travel firms specializing in international tourism. Tourism is an important component not only for supporting the economy of the country in the rear, but also very strong element of the psychological recovery of people in the conditions of the war. Despite the difficulties, steps are being taken in the development of tourism, tourist routes are being developed, and projects aimed at supporting small businesses in the field of hospitality are being implemented. A significant number of tourism activities are carried out to support internally displaced persons in order to help them adapt to a new place. These include excursions, fairs, tours of a patriotic nature and the organization of rest in recreational areas of the region. On today's difficult day, this is the only correct support for Ukraine to defeat the enemy. With proper organization and support of the hotel, restaurant and tourist business, Ivano-Frankivsk region will be able to represent Ukraine in the tourist arena after the victory.

음악을 동반한 리듬스포츠종목 선수의 심리기술훈련 프로그램 프로토콜 개발

The purpose of this study is to development of psychological skill training program protocol for rhythmic sports atheletes with music. The open-ended questionnaire and in-depth interview were used to collect the data and the literature review, expert opinion collection, and in-depth interview survey for the sample group were analyzed for the results. A request analysis was conducted based on data extracted through an open-ended questionnaire, and a psychological skill training program protocol was developed based on six factors such as arousal and anxiety control, confidence, imagery, self-management, optimism, and concentration, which accounted for the highest frequency among 14 factors. The conclusions are as follows. First, it is possible to present theoretical and technical supplementary factors for strengthening the mentality of rhythm sports players and psychological skill training in the rhythm sports event. Second, it can contribute to the establishment of sports policies related to psychological technology training and the diversification of psychological recovery programs of institutions related to mental health promotion in the community. Third, it can contribute to fostering rhythmic sports players, improving performance, and fostering experts in rhythmic sports-related fields.

An Empirical Study on the Promotion of Students' Physiological and Psychological Recovery in Green Space on Campuses in the Post-Epidemic Era.

Human health is closely related to the environment; a relaxing and pleasant landscape environment can make people feel less stressed and more energetic. To investigate the restorative potential of landscape types and landscape elements in the post-epidemic era from the perspective of visual perception, this study selected Sichuan Agricultural University's Laoban hill, Jiuqu bridge, and the ginkgo garden to carry out physiological and psychological measurement experiments with college students. Research results on the psycho-biological and perceptual recovery vary with the types of landscape spaces. The results of the physiological data showed that all three space types had no significant effect on the recovery of blood pressure and heart rate; Laoban hill and Jiuqu bridge had some impact on concentration, while the ginkgo garden had no significant effect; and all three space types had some effect on the relaxation of the subjects' mental state. The results of the psychological data showed that the subjects' emotions were significantly improved in the three different landscape space types. The space with the strongest restorative effect on negative emotions was the ginkgo garden, followed by Jiuqu bridge and Laoban hill. The spaces with the strongest restorative potential for positive emotions were Jiuqu bridge and the ginkgo garden, followed by Laoban hill. The results of the perceptual restoration data showed that the Laoban hill space had the most effective restorative potential on the human body, followed by Jiuqu bridge, with the ginkgo garden having the least effective restorative potential. The results of the study on the difference between the aesthetic preference of different landscape elements and the perception restorative effect of a space showed that "the harmony between artificial structures such as garden pieces and the environment", "plant species", "waterscape state", and "boundary clarity" were identified as significant landscape elements with perception-restorative effects. These findings summarize campus landscape types and elements with optimal restorative potential. In the future, in campus landscape design-an active approach with a scientific combination and configuration of campus landscape types and elements-can provide a feasible solution to enhance the potential of campus landscape restorative effects.

Patient and family experience 2 years after necrotizing soft-tissue infection: A longitudinal qualitative investigation.

The study aims were to provide a comprehensive description of the short- and long-term experience of necrotizing soft-tissue infections from the patient and family perspective. Further, to describe how unmet needs related to diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation are experienced. And finally, to present patient and family recommendations for improvements. The study had a longitudinal qualitative multi-centre two-country design. Qualitative content analysis was applied to 87 semi-structured interviews involving 50 participants from Denmark and Sweden. In most interviews, patient and family were interviewed separately. Data were collected in 2015-2018. This is the fifth and final paper reporting the study. After initial inductive coding, we constructed a matrix of four timepoints (pre-admission, acute admission, after 6 months and after 2 years) describing physical, psychological and social responses and recommendations for improvement. We analysed deductively according to timepoints and predefined categories describing patient and family responses to life with necrotizing soft-tissue infections. The study suggested that physical recovery was obtained before psychological recovery. The aftermath of job loss and lacking social services amplified the burden. Patients still recovering experienced lack of understanding from family, friends and professionals that failed to recognize the complexity of their suffering. Half of the patients in our study reported making a full recovery while the remaining described issues still unresolved 2 years after intensive care unit discharge. Predisposing factors and symptoms align with other studies of critical illness. During the acute stage, patients receive state-of-the art treatment and care, but as time passes, rehabilitation becomes less available and less patient-centred. The study will increase nurses' understanding of patient and family suffering and complexity of long-term survival of necrotizing soft-tissue infections. From the planning stage of the study, we collaborated with a necrotizing soft-tissue infection survivor.

Business grants following natural disasters and their different impact on the performance of female and male-owned microenterprises: Evidence from Sri Lanka.

This paper investigates gender differences in the treatment effects of business grants on firm performance following natural disasters, and seeks to identify the mechanisms underlying the unequal effects. A panel data-set from an experiment in Sri Lanka is used to measure the difference in the treatment effects of a business grant on the performance of female and male-owned firms following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. The sample of 608 microenterprises includes 297 female-owned firms and 311 male-owned firms. There are 338 firms (Male = 176, Female = 162) in the treatment group that received the grant and 270 firms (Male = 135, Female = 135) in the control group that did not receive the grant. Data on firm performance, firm characteristics and owner characteristics were collected in 13 survey waves from April 2005 to December 2010. Firm performance, which is measured by firm profit, is assessed by employing linear regression with fixed effects in an intention-to-treat analysis. The results suggest that the business grant has a positive impact on the performance of male-owned firms, but zero effect on that of female-owned firms. Several potential mechanisms drive the results, including gender differences in business investment, household expenditure and initial business closures. The results also show a positive treatment effect of the business grant on the psychological recovery of recipients, but there is no evidence supporting gender differences in this dimension. This paper provides new evidence on gender differences in the treatment effects of business grants on firm performance in the context of post-disasters, and has implications for business recovery programs aimed at supporting female microentrepreneurs in the aftermath of large-scale catastrophes.

Trauma in the movie Ordinary People (1980): An investigation of psychological trauma and recovery from a traumatic experience

Trauma theory is an emerging field that is interdisciplinary and incorporates both psychological and physiological studies related to trauma. The main focus of trauma theory is the exploration of the workings and effects of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Embedded in the trauma theory, this research aims at carrying out a qualitative analysis in order to explore the workings of trauma and recovery from traumatic experience. The study shall deal with analyzing Conrad’s character in the movie Ordinary People (1980) by evaluating different behavioral patterns exhibited by him in the movie. In order to explore the working of trauma, the study shall utilize the diagnostic criteria provided by the American Psychiatric Association (2013) that lists the symptoms related to traumatic disorder. In order to explore the process of recovery, Herman’s three stage model (1992) of recovery from trauma is utilized. The research findings conclude that Conrad’s character suffers from trauma exhibiting most of the symptoms listed in the diagnostic manual. These symptoms include nightmares, flashbacks, intrusive thoughts, isolation, irritability etc. The findings also show that Conrad’s character successfully undergoes all three stages of recovery. He transforms into an emotionally stable individual after the recovery process occurs. The study has made use of the film medium in order to create awareness about the trauma related issues focusing on the role of professional and social help for traumatic individuals.

A disease-targeted picture book for children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis: A quasi-experimental study.

Children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis are frequently burdened with psychological problems besides disease treatment and adherence. Currently, there is a shortage of appropriate and effective educational materials to facilitate physical and psychological recovery. To examine a picture book for the effectiveness of disease-related knowledge, coping strategies, resilience, quality of lifeand depressive symptoms in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis in China. A quasi-experimental design with repeated measures was adopted. The control group received standard care. The intervention group received the standard care plus a free picture book. This disease-specific picture book narrated the story of two rabbits diagnosed with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis who underwent a series of examinations, faced difficulties taking medication, and eventually recovered. The study recruited 60 children diagnosed with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis. Disease-related knowledge, resilience, coping strategies, depressionand paediatric quality of life were measured at baseline, the third day, the first monthand the third month after recruitment. The acceptability of the picture book was evaluated at the last data-collection point. The data showed that children in the intervention group demonstrated higher levels of knowledge (p < 0.001), less usage of emotional coping strategies (p = 0.003), reduced depressive symptoms (p = 0.003), improved psychological resilience (p < 0.001), and better quality of life (p < 0.046) than those in the control group in the third month. Most children (83.3%) in the intervention group were satisfied with the picture book. The targeted picture book is an effective educational tool for improving clinical outcomes and was highly accepted by children.

The Social and Political Aspects of Permanent Housing Provision for Earthquake Tsunami and Liquefaction Casualties in Palu City, Central Sulawesi

An earthquake that struck Palu City, Central Sulawesi Province on September 28, 2018 rose potential problems. One of them is the permanent housing (huntap) provision for 6,504 earthquake-affected households. With a descriptive qualitative approach, this research focuses on the social and political aspects of providing permanent housing for disaster victims. Public opinion, both conveyed by refugees targeted for permanent housing and NGO activists and media workers, is expected to improve the policy of providing permanent housing for earthquake victims in Palu. The public hopes that the houses built for earthquake victims are to replace their lost homes and function as a place for psychological recovery. Therefore, the social aspects of housing provision are essential to receive government priorities, such as guaranteeing a sense of security, comfort, and relocated land status. Assistance and advocacy for displaced victims to obtain their rights should be appreciated, exceptionally due to the lack of political function of Regional House of Representative Council (DPRD) roles in guarding disaster victims. Legislators are unable to make a greater effort due to their status as part of the regional government. Simultaneously, the mass media’s attention to housing provisions is still vital for the government to formulate, implement and evaluate its policies. This study also discovered conditions where local governments have limited authority to provide shelter for displaced victims. Centralized government authority forces local governments to rely on the president and his staff.

A randomised pilot feasibility study of eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing recent traumatic episode protocol, to improve psychological recovery following intensive care admission for COVID-19.

Approximately 50% of intensive care survivors experience persistent psychological symptoms. Eye-movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) is a widely recommended trauma-focussed psychological therapy, which has not been investigated systematically in a cohort of intensive care survivors: We therefore conducted a randomised pilot feasibility study of EMDR, using the Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol (R-TEP), to prevent psychological distress in intensive care survivors. Findings will determine whether it would be possible to conduct a fully-powered clinical effectiveness trial and inform trial design. We aimed to recruit 26 patients who had been admitted to intensive care for over 24 h with COVID-19 infection. Consenting participants were randomised (1:1) to receive either usual care plus remotely delivered EMDR R-TEP or usual care alone (controls). The primary outcome was feasibility. We also report factors related to safety and symptom changes in post-traumatic stress disorder, (PTSD) anxiety and depression. We approached 51 eligible patients, with 26 (51%) providing consent. Intervention adherence (sessions offered/sessions completed) was 83%, and 23/26 participants completed all study procedures. There were no attributable adverse events. Between baseline and 6-month follow-up, mean change in PTSD score was -8 (SD = 10.5) in the intervention group versus +0.75 (SD = 15.2) in controls (p = 0.126). There were no significant changes to anxiety or depression. Remotely delivered EMDR R-TEP met pre-determined feasibility and safety objectives. Whilst we achieved group separation in PTSD symptom change, we have identified a number of protocol refinements that would improve the design of a fully powered, multi-centre randomised controlled trial, consistent with currently recommended rehabilitation clinical pathways. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04455360.

How Sleep Affects Recovery and Performance in Basketball: A Systematic Review.

Sleep is considered an essential component related to physiological and psychological recovery in athletes and particularly in basketball, given the impact of condensed travel and game schedules on player health and performance. The aim of this systematic review is to examine studies published to date on sleep and basketball performance. All scientific articles that reported a relationship between sleep and its possible impact on performance in basketball are included. The research processes followed the PRISMA criteria, and the relevant articles were extracted (PubMed, WOS, Scopus) as of December 31, 2021. Twenty-eight articles were selected for inclusion and data extraction, with 27 demonstrating that sleep is a vital component in the recovery of basketball players and their corresponding on-court performance. Three central themes that we identified: (1) the quality and extension of sleep (the better quality and more extension of sleep, better performance and lower probability of injury); (2) influence of the players circadian rhythm (travel and game scheduling do not currently facilitate or take this into account); and (3) higher training loads and/or increased stress may jeopardize a subsequent good night's sleep, which should be taken into account when scheduling practices and workouts. The current systematic review regarding sleep and basketball performance and highlights that there is a strong relationship between both variables. Collectively, the evidence supports the critical influence of sleep on player recovery and basketball performance and risk for injury.