Psychological Characteristics Research Articles

PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EMERGING ADULTS – STUDENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Introduction. At present, understanding the psychological and social aspects of personality development among adolescents aged 17-21 is crucial. By this age, most have completed secondary education, with many continuing their studies at higher educational institutions. However, junior students often face challenges related to psychological maturity, readiness for independent work, and adaptation to the academic environment, leading to maladaptation and stress resistance issues. This study aims to investigate the key psychological characteristics of older adolescents to enhance their effectiveness in higher education. Materials and Methods. A thorough analysis of the main psychological traits of older adolescents in higher educational institutions was conducted based on data from recent domestic and international literature. Results. This study identified several psychological factors that influence the academic productivity and adaptation of older adolescent students in higher education. Some factors contribute to their success, such as adaptability to new social groups and recognition by peers and faculty. However, other factors can hinder or even prevent these processes for certain groups of students. Conclusion. Older adolescents demonstrate a deepening of their individual development compared to earlier stages. However, first-year students often exhibit traits of psychological immaturity and partial instability. Understanding these psychological characteristics is essential for effectively supporting and guiding older adolescents in their educational journey.

PHENOMENON OF QUALITY OF HUMAN MENTAL HEALTH

In the given article the issue of human mental health is observed. Methods of determining the qualitative characteristics of personal and social mental health are described. In particular, attention is paid to the psychological qualities of mental health and resistance to environmental influences. Psychological qualities, a high-level development of which ensures an adequate level of mental health quality and resistance to influences of the environment. A level of mental health this considered as a consequence of a complex of individual, social and structural sources of stress and vulnerability factors. The most important characteristics of the subject area of a mental health quality category are considered, differentiated by the main matrix levels – installation, identification, structural and substantive, technological, instrumental methodological and systemic. The meta-model of social psychotherapy is given. Mental health is measured by a state of mental well-being, a person’s full-fledged psychological activity, expressed in mood, well-being and human activity. Strengthening mental health includes a person’s emotional and physical aspects, full-fledged development at all stages of his life cycle, a high-level development of higher mental functions (perception, memory, thinking, imagination, etc.)

The influence of rhythmic gymnastics on the mobile readiness of older preschool children

Preschool age is the most favorable period for the development of a child's personality, physical and motor qualities. One of the tasks of working with children of older preschool age is to prepare them for a successful transition to systematic, organized schooling. Children's readiness for schooling determines the set of morphophysiological and psychological characteristics of children of older preschool age. Children's physical and motor readiness for learning characterizes their functional capabilities and state of health. One of the main indicators of children's physical and motor readiness for learning is the level of development of physical qualities and the technique of performing motor actions. The goal is to determine the influence of artistic gymnastics on the level of motor readiness of children 5-6 years old. Material and methods: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature and Internet resources, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, pedagogical testing, methods of mathematical statistics. The study was conducted on the basis of preschool education institutions No. 355 and No. 123. 80 children of the control and experimental groups, 40 each, took part in the study. Research results. The initial level of motor readiness of almost half of the children in both the control and experimental groups was at a low level. After the experiment, the percentage increase in motor readiness was significantly better (p<0.05) in the experimental group (13.9%) than in the control group (5.6%). Thus, the indicators in the experimental group increased from a low level to the average in 10.0% of children, and in the control group this indicator was 12.5%. On the other hand, 12.5% of children from the experimental group increased their indicators from average to high levels, while only 5.0% of children from the control group.

Development of leadership qualities in athletes by means of physical education

The article raises the important issue of developing leadership qualities in athletes through physical education. It is emphasized that modern athletes must be able to make decisions, take responsibility, properly interact and communicate with other athletes, coaches, referees, work in a team and demonstrate leadership qualities. It is determined that a leader is a member of a group who has the necessary organizational skills, plays a central role in the structure of interpersonal relationships in the team and contributes to the organization and management of the group to achieve its goals. It is substantiated that the leadership qualities of a personality are manifested in the personal qualities that ensure effective leadership, namely: individual-personal and socio-psychological characteristics of a personality that influence the group and lead to the achievement of a common goal. It is emphasized that in order for the process of developing leadership qualities in athletes to be effective, the coach should work in tandem with a psychologist. The joint work of a coach and a psychologist can ensure the development of: individual psychological qualities of athletes, communicative and creative qualities, organizational and business qualities, social and group qualities. It is concluded that the state of development of the problem of leadership and development of leadership qualities in sportsmen by means of physical education has an insufficient level of research on this issue. The development of leadership qualities in athletes helps them to develop the ability to analyze their own strengths and weaknesses, set personal and professional goals and achieve them. Conducting leadership training, involving young people in decision-making, and implementing leadership education programs prepares athletes for leadership. Prospect for further research is the development and testing of a training program for the development of leadership qualities in athletes through physical education.

Investigation of Early Maladaptive Schemas and Coping Strategies in Turkish Adults under Probation

Purpose. The aim of the study was to examine the relationships of early maladaptive schemas, overcompensation, and avoidant behaviors with sociodemographic, psychological, legal, and substance use status of individuals under probation due to illicit substance use. Methods. The data of this cross-sectional study were collected from adults under probation through self-report. The dependent variables were early maladaptive schemas, overcompensation, and avoidant behaviors. Sociodemographic, legal, and psychological characteristics and characteristics related to illicit substance use were the independent variables of the study. Student-t test and ANOVA or Mann–Whitney-U and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used in bivariate analyses. Multiple linear regression analysis was used in multivariate analyses. Results. A total of 300 adult individuals under probation participated in the study, and the inclusion rate was 93.5%. The mean age of the study group was 27.96 ± 6.40 years. The amount of smoking (B = 0.65 (95% CI: 0.04–1.27), p=0.038), frequency of illicit substance use (B = 12.15 (95% CI: 2.04–22.25), p=0.019), and childhood violence (B = 29.24 (95% CI: 16.92–41.56), p<0.001) were explanatory for schema scores (R2: 0.240). Frequency of illicit substance use (B = 7.06 (95% CI: 0.58–13.54), p=0.033) and childhood violence (B = 9.18 (95% CI: 1.36–17.00), p=0.022) were explanatory for compensation scores (R2: 0.083). The amount of smoking (B = 0.49 (95% CI: 0.22–0.76), p=0.001), frequency of illicit substance use (B = 5.16 (95% CI: 0.67–9.65), p=0.025), being treated for substance use disorder (B = 6.74 (95% CI: 0.30–13.17), p=0.040), and experiencing violence in childhood (B = 6.02 (95% CI: 0.59–11.45), p=0.030) were explanatory for avoidant scores (R2:0.169). Conclusion. Childhood violence and frequency of illicit substance use were associated with early maladaptive schemas, overcompensation, and avoidance. Smoking appears to be a behavioral way of coping with both early maladaptive schemas and schemas through avoidance.

Exploring the Influence of Emotional Competence on Humor Styles and Personality Traits

This research aims to uncover the complexities of the dynamics that regulate human behavior and connection with others by investigating the relationships between humor styles, emotional competence, and personality factors. Using a wide range of literature review and empirical research, this study examines how individuals' humor styles, defined by their tendency to affiliate, self-enhance, be aggressive, or dislike themselves, interact with emotional competence and personality characteristics. As a transdisciplinary construct, humor provides various psychological functions and shapes people's emotional experiences and social relationships. The affiliative style, which uses humor to strengthen social ties and relieve tension, has been linked to increased emotional intelligence and extraversion. Conversely, aggressive humor, which includes sarcasm and derision, is associated with weaker emotional competence and greater degrees of neuroticism. Emotional competence, which provides for emotional awareness, management, and expression, is critical in balancing the impacts of various humor styles on psychological well-being and interpersonal interactions. Individuals with greater emotional competence prefer to use adaptive humor styles, which promote good emotions and social cohesiveness. In contrast, individuals with lower emotional competence may use maladaptive methods, such as self-defeating humor, as a coping strategy. Furthermore, psychological qualities like extraversion, neuroticism, and openness to experience influence people's humor preferences and usage habits. Extraverts, for example, are likelier to engage in affiliative humor, whereas neurotic persons may use self-defeating humor as a defense strategy. This study adds to a better understanding of human behavior by illuminating the interaction between humor styles, emotional competence, and personality factors. It also gives insights into how to promote psychological well-being and efficient interpersonal communication.”

Реализация междисциплинарного подхода в психолого-педагогическом сопровождении детей, нуждающихся в длительном лечении в медицинских стационарах

<p style="text-align: justify;">This article is aimed at updating the specifics of implementing an interdisciplinary approach in psychological and pedagogical support for children in need of long-term treatment in medical hospitals. The publication describes the importance and possibilities of team interaction between specialists of helping professions in providing psychological and pedagogical support for children in need of long-term treatment with chronic somatic diseases. To implement an interdisciplinary approach, it was found that it is important to take into account the special needs of children in need of long-term treatment, their psychological and social characteristics. An approach to determining the current emotional state, higher mental functions, and personal characteristics of young patients studying in hospital schools is presented. Based on identified current needs, a comprehensive system of pedagogical rehabilitation and psychological and pedagogical support in a hospital school was formed, and the specifics of correctional and developmental, educational, advisory and preventive work of employees of the psychological and pedagogical support service were determined.</p>

The motivation of employees and their intention to work in the Greek tourism sector

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the motives that drive individuals' intentions to work within firms operating in the Greek tourism sector and to examine the impact of these motives on the intention to work.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve this objective, we conducted an empirical survey among 2,104 individuals with professional experience in the tourism business. Descriptive statistics and hierarchical regression analysis were employed, with motives as independent variables and the intention to work as the dependent construct, to answer the research question.FindingsThis study presents job motivation as a hierarchical set of criteria that need to be fulfilled or satisfied. It also identifies the significant motives impacting employees' intention to work in both the accommodation sector and food and beverage services.Research limitations/implicationsThe data were collected at a single point in time from Greece, which may limit the generalizability of our results. Future research could consider the psychological and physiological characteristics of employees.Practical implicationsManagers who provide social security, create a positive work environment, and promote collaboration among their employees can enhance the quality of work-life and positively influence their intention to work.Originality/valueThe proposed model offers valuable guidelines that advance research on employee motivation in the tourism industry.

Associations of clinical, psychological, and sociodemographic characteristics and ecological momentary assessment completion in the 10-week Hypo-METRICS study: Hypoglycaemia MEasurements ThResholds and ImpaCtS.

Reporting of hypoglycaemia and its impact in clinical studies is often retrospective and subject to recall bias. We developed the Hypo-METRICS app to measure the daily physical, psychological, and social impact of hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes in real-time using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). To help assess its utility, we aimed to determine Hypo-METRICS app completion rates and factors associated with completion. Adults with diabetes recruited into the Hypo-METRICS study were given validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) at baseline. Over 10 weeks, they wore a blinded continuous glucose monitor (CGM), and were asked to complete three daily EMAs about hypoglycaemia and aspects of daily functioning, and two weekly sleep and productivity PROMs on the bespoke Hypo-METRICS app. We conducted linear regression to determine factors associated with app engagement, assessed by EMA and PROM completion rates and CGM metrics. In 602 participants (55% men; 54% type 2 diabetes; median(IQR) age 56 (45-66) years; diabetes duration 19 (11-27) years; HbA1c 57 (51-65) mmol/mol), median(IQR) overall app completion rate was 91 (84-96)%, ranging from 90 (81-96)%, 89 (80-94)% and 94(87-97)% for morning, afternoon and evening check-ins, respectively. Older age, routine CGM use, greater time below 3.0 mmol/L, and active sensor time were positively associated with app completion. High app completion across all app domains and participant characteristics indicates the Hypo-METRICS app is an acceptable research tool for collecting detailed data on hypoglycaemia frequency and impact in real-time.

Quality Evaluation of College Students' Sports Work Based on Intellectual or Intuitive Fuzzy Information in Language

Numerous factors influence college students' athletic behaviour and psychological qualities such as sports learning interest, autonomy support in sports play important roles in forming their participation in sports activities. The study used acceptable research methodologies to analyse effect of sports learning interest, autonomy support in sports on college students' sports behaviour, specifically their physical activity levels. In this research work, Quality Evaluation of College Students' Sports Work Based on Intellectual or Intuitive Fuzzy Information in Language (QECSSW-IGNN-QCTO) is proposed. The input data are collected from College student data from Sichuan University. Then, the input data are pre-processed using Adaptive-Noise Augmented Kalman Filter (ANAKF) for finding missing data and cleaning the duplicate data. Then the pre-processed data are given to Iso-Geometric Neural Network (IGNN) for evaluating the quality of college students sports work (sports exercise grade). In general, IGNN doesn’t express some adoption of optimization approaches for determining optimal parameters to evaluating the quality of college students’ sports work. Hence QCTO is proposed to optimize IGNN classifier which precisely evaluates the quality of college student’s sports work. The proposed QECSSW-IGNN-QCTO method is implemented in Python, and it assessed with several performance metrics like, Accuracy, Cross validation scores, Recall, F1 score, and ROC. The results show QECSSW-IGNN-QCTO attains 23.4%, 28.3%, and 22.6% higher Accuracy, 25.9%, 17.6%, and 29.4% lower Cross validation scores, 24.6%, 27.5%, and 18.7% higher Recall are analysed with existing methods such as, prediction method of college students’ sports behaviour depend on machine learning method (PMC-SSB-MLM), Designing and implementing an innovative sports training system for college students' mental health education (DII-STSC-SMHE), The effect of sports science students' online learning attitudes on their readiness to learn online in emerging coronavirus pandemic (ESS-SOLA-ECP) methods respectively.

Психолого-криминалистические особенности личности несовершеннолетних обвиняемых и их роль в расследовании преступлений

Understanding the psychological and age characteristics of the personality of juvenile offenders allows judicial and investigative authorities to conduct effective investigative actions and judicial proceedings against juvenile participants in criminal events, use appropriate tactical and forensic techniques in the process of interacting with them both as part of the investigation of crimes and their prevention.

The problem of domestic violence: issues of theory and practice

The article is devoted to the problem of understanding domestic violence in the legal system of the modern state. Risk factors for domestic and family violence are examined, including individual characteristics, relationship problems, and community and societal influences. Individual factors include the psychological and physical characteristics of victims and perpetrators, which may include problems with emotion regulation, low self-esteem, and childhood trauma. Also, sexual orientation and gender identity can influence the risk of becoming a victim or a perpetrator. It is reasoned that domestic violence has serious consequences for victims, their families and society as a whole. It can lead to injuries, psychological and emotional problems, destroy relationships, disrupt the development of children and reduce the productivity and efficiency of society. Domestic violence is becoming a global problem that crosses cultural and geographic boundaries, and the level of its prevalence can vary depending on the socio-cultural and economic context. Also important is the role of economic factors, such as unemployment and economic hardship, which can increase family tension and contribute to violence. It was also found that at the community level, lack of access to psychological and legal aid services, as well as lack of education about rights and opportunities to leave violent relationships can complicate the situation for victims. In addition, cultural stereotypes and norms that condone or normalize violence may also support this problematic pattern. At the same time, research must be carried out taking into account the diversity of cultural, social and economic contexts, since approaches to solving the problem may differ depending on specific conditions. Special attention should also be paid to the support of victims of domestic violence, their access to safe places of refuge, legal aid and psychological support. Increasing public awareness and educational initiatives about the issue can also help increase awareness and support in the fight against domestic violence.

The phenomenon of psychological reliability of the testimony of a minor participant in criminal proceedings

This article provides a justification for the insolvency of the phenomenon of psychological reliability of the testimony of a minor participant in criminal proceedings in the light of current legislation and the existing level of scientific development. The study contains an analysis of the proposed concepts of psychological reliability, as well as foreign experience in their application.The main reason for the illegality of the appointment and production of expert examinations of the reliability of the testimony of minors is that the expert is not classified by the criminal procedure law as a subject of evidence assessment. In addition, the results of investigative actions cannot be the subject of expertise within the meaning of the norms of Federal Law No. 73-FZ “On State Forensic expertise in the Russian Federation”.The conclusions based on the results of the reliability examinations cannot be called justified due to the lack of a sufficiently developed scientific and practical base for such studies.The authors present a legally acceptable and effective form of using special knowledge in the process of forming, using and evaluating the testimony of juvenile participants in criminal proceedings. It is proposed to identify the individual psychological characteristics of a minor through expert research in order to further take these results into account by appropriate assessment subjects when deciding on reliability.

Leaders of Peer Groups in Chinese Early Adolescents: The Roles of Social, Academic, and Psychological Characteristics in Group Leadership.

Leadership in peer groups is an important issue in adolescent socioemotional development, yet it has received limited attention in research. This one-year longitudinal study examined peer group leadership and the roles of social, academic, and psychological characteristics in the dynamics of group leadership. Participants included 1061 Chinese students (initial mean age =11.17 years; SD = 6.98 months; 49.4% female). Data were collected from peer assessments, teacher ratings, and self-reports. The longitudinal social network analysis (SIENA) indicated that peer group leadership was fluid with leadership status evolving over time across groups in a hierarchical manner. Adolescents displaying higher social competence and aggression and lower shyness were more likely to become group leaders. Academic performance and loneliness were not significantly associated with the dynamics of peer group leadership. The results help understand peer group leadership and contributions of social behaviors to the attainment of leadership status in peer groups in early adolescence.

빗속의 사람 그림 검사(PITR) 반응에 대한 대학생의 우울, 불안, 부정정서에 관한 연구

Objectives This study aims to identify the responses shown in the picture test and negative psychological aspects such as depression, anxiety, and negative emotions by using both the subjective responses shown in the People-in-the-Rain Picture Test(PITR), a projective test, and a multiple-choice self-report test. Methods The target was college students attending K University in Region P. 146 copies were distributed and 125 copies were collected. Of these, the data from 108 people, excluding 17 who responded insincerely, was analyzed. The collected data were subjected to frequency analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, and correlation analysis using the SPSS statics 26.0 program. An independent sample t-test was conducted to confirm gender differences in variables, and a simple regression analysis was conducted to determine the effect of the PITR re-sponse on depression, anxiety, and negative emotions. An independent samples t-test was conducted to confirm the differences in responses to the PITR according to the upper and lower levels of the average emotional score. Results First, as a result of checking the correlation between variables, the ‘stress’ response did not have a stat-istically significant relationship with depression, anxiety, and negative emotions in the PITR response, and the ‘coping resources’ response did not have a statistically significant relationship with depression, it was found to be negatively correlated with anxiety and negative emotions, and the ‘coping ability’ response was also found to be negatively correlated with depression, anxiety, and negative emotions. Second, differences in variables according to gender were confirmed in the ‘coping resources’ response and the ‘coping ability’ response among the PITR responses. Third, PITR response was found to affect depression, anxiety, and negative emotions. Fourth, as a re-sult of checking whether there was a difference in the response to the PITR depending on the average score of depression, anxiety, and negative emotions, it was found that there was no difference in the response to the PITR according to depression, the differences in responses to the PITR according to anxiety and negative emotions were verified to have statistically significant differences in both ‘coping ability’ responses. Conclusions Through the results of this study, it was confirmed that negative psychological aspects such as de-pression, anxiety, and negative emotions can vary depending on how one copes with the stress rather than the stress itself, and that the response to the PITR differs depending on gender in terms of coping with stress. It was confirmed that there was a difference. In addition, we were able to understand that depression, anxiety, and neg-ative emotions are different psychological characteristics, and it was confirmed that coping abilities vary accordingly. The significance of this study is that it provided evidence for early detection, appropriate treatment, and prevention education for college students with mental health difficulties.

Consumers' variety-seeking behaviors under time pressure: Based on regulatory focus and excitement levels.

Variety-seeking behavior has received substantial attention in marketing literature. Although various explanations of the causes of variety-seeking explore the influence of consumers' internal psychological characteristics on behavioral decisions, few studies have been conducted on external factors. With the fast pace of modern life and the increasing trend of online shopping, consumers often face time constraints when making purchasing decisions. This study examines the impact of time pressure as a significant external environmental factor on consumers' variety-seeking behavior. A conceptual framework is developed based on construal level theory to uncover the influencing mechanism of time pressure on variety-seeking behavior while also considering the effects of the consumer's personality and emotional state. We conducted two experiments to investigate the moderating effect of regulatory focus from the personality perspective and excitement level from the emotional state perspective. Study 1 found that time pressure significantly affects variety-seeking behavior. Additionally, consumers with prevention regulatory focus tend to exhibit more variety-seeking behavior when not under time pressure. Study 2 supports the main effect and shows that the level of excitement affects the impact of time pressure on variety-seeking behavior. Therefore, this study contributes to the literature on consumer behavior and purchasing decisions by presenting a robust theoretical framework that provides practical insights and implications for enterprise managers.

Psychological features of perception of artworks by people with different types of functional brain asymmetry

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the increased attention of modern psychology to individual personality traits and its decreased focus on the normativity of an individual. In the process of individual development, the contemplation of art allows a person not only to broaden their own worldview, but also contributes to cultural enrichment. The purpose of the study was an empirical investigation of the features of perception of works of art by persons with different types of functional brain asymmetry. The study was conducted using the method of standardised interviews with the subjects of two groups: the main group – people who do not have professional knowledge of art (N = 43), and the control group – students studying art history and fine arts as professional disciplines, and familiar with the rules for constructing composition in a picture (N = 30). The results were analysed using statistical criteria: the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the Fisher angular transformation criterion φ*. As a result of the empirical study, there were no statistically reliable patterns in the perception of works of art in the general group, but significant differences were found in the features of perception of movement and its speed in works of art by persons with different types of functional/interhemispheric brain asymmetry, which indicates a nonlinear nature of perception, and the influence of cognitive phenotypes on the perception of works of art. The perception of artworks is an individual cognitive process that may differ between the author and the recipient of artistic creativity, and the author’s intention may be misunderstood by the audience if the features of individual perception of a work of art, and the laterality of the personality, are not considered. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of applying its results in the process of professional training of students of art specialities, considering the specific features of the laterality of art recipients

PSYCHOLOGY OF DEVIANT FORMS OF ECONOMIC PERSONAL BEHAVIOR IN CYBERSPACE

The goal of the research achieved by the author is the analysis of psychological features of deviant forms of economic behavior of an individual in cyberspace. Methodology. To implement the problematic completeness of the research and obtain scientifically based and reliable results and general conclusions, a complex of theoretical methods was used: synthesis, logic and structure of the presentation, analysis and generalization, tools of scientific source studies. Linguistic methodology and the method of cognition were used to study the problematic issues of this work in the unity of their visual and factual perception, social content, legal and terminological form of representation. The systemic-structural approach made it possible to conceptually form, implement the theoretical foundations and model the complexity of the research discourse. Results. It is shown that human crime and delinquency are related to both external factors (interaction with other types of crime, age, gender, material values, influence of peers) and internal factors that mediate criminal tendencies. It was concluded that the specifics of deviant forms of individual economic behavior in cyberspace have not yet been sufficiently studied, and attention is focused on more common types of cyber deviance. Instead, the actual problems are the peculiarities of the formation of economic cyber deviance; the detection of a tendency to this type of behavior; planning correctional and educational psychological work with deviants and victims of economic cybercrimes. An important problem is the difficulty of conducting research taking into account the key feature of cyberspace - anonymity.

The Effect of Myofascial Stretching on Mechanical Nociception and Contributing Neural Mechanisms

Myofascial stretching is often prescribed in the management of musculoskeletal pain. However, the neural mechanisms contributing to a decrease in pain are unknown. Stretching produces a sensation that may act as a conditioning stimulus in a conditioned pain modulation response. The purpose of this study was to compare immediate changes in pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) during a low-intensity stretch, moderate-intensity stretch, and cold water immersion task. A secondary purpose was to examine if personal pain sensitivity and psychological characteristics were associated with the responses to these interventions. Twenty-seven (27) healthy participants underwent a cross-over study design in which they completed a cold water immersion task, upper trapezius stretch to the onset of the stretch sensation, and a moderate-intensity stretch. A significant condition x time effect was observed (F (8,160) = 2.85, p < 0.01, partial eta2 = 0.13), indicating reductions in pain sensitivity were significantly greater during a cold water immersion task compared to moderate-intensity stretching at minutes two and four. Widespread increases in heat pain threshold and lower pain-related anxiety were moderately correlated with the response to the cold water immersion task but not stretching. Moderate-intensity stretching may not elicit a conditioned pain modulation response possibly because the stretch was not intense enough to be perceived as painful.

Circumstances to be established during investigation of the involvement of minors in the illegal production, manufacture, purchase, storage, transportation, shipment or sale of narcotics, psychotropic substances or their analogues

The scientific article discloses the circumstances to be established during the investigation of the involvement of minors in the illegal production, manufacture, acquisition, storage, transportation, forwarding or sale of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances or their analogues. As a result of a detailed analysis of the scientific literature on criminology and the criminal process, it was established that at the current stage of development, this issue remains insufficiently researched. The positions of scientists regarding the importance of the circumstances to be established in certain methods of investigation of criminal offenses are considered. It is established that in criminal offenses committed by minors, in addition to the circumstances provided for in Art. 91 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, it is also necessary to find out: 1) complete and comprehensive information about the person of the minor: his age (date, month, year of birth), state of health and level of development, other social and psychological features of the person, which must be taken into account when individualizing responsibility or selected educational events. If there is evidence of a minor's mental retardation not related to mental illness, it should also be determined whether he could fully understand the meaning of his actions and to what extent he could control them; 2) the minor's attitude towards the act committed by him; 3) living conditions and upbringing of a minor; 4) the presence of adult instigators and other accomplices of the criminal offense. In the course of the study, it was found that every circumstance that must be established at the beginning of the pre-trial investigation of this category of crimes in accordance with Art. 91 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine should be considered in relation to the circumstances provided for in Art. 485 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (taking into account the age and socio-psychological characteristics of minors) in order to achieve the objectives of criminal proceedings, in particular when establishing: a) the circumstances of the fact (event) involving a minor in the illegal production, manufacture, acquisition, storage, transportation, forwarding or sale of narcotics means, psychotropic substances or their analogues; the circumstances of the minor's culpability (it is necessary to establish the exact age in order to be able to prosecute); b) circumstances characterizing the person of a minor (their living conditions, upbringing, state of health, level of development).