Psychological Examination Research Articles

Сравнительное исследование правового регулирования судебно-психологической экспертизы несовершеннолетних в России и странах СНГ

The legal grounds for the production of forensic psychological treatment of minors in the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Kazakhstan are analyzed. The functional-target and subject-content specificity of the forensic psychological examination of minors has been revealed. The basics and features of the production of forensic psychological examination in relation to minors in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Belarus are investigated. The study used general scientific and special methods of cognition: the dialectical method of cognition of legal reality, along with it the structural and logical method was used (the role of a psychologist and a teacher in conducting a forensic psychological examination is revealed)

Перспективы развития комплексной психолого-религиоведческой экспертизы

Broad distribution of pseudo-values in recent decades that contradict true spirituality, morality, cultural and historical traditions has resulted in barring theologians and religious scholars from participation in a comprehensive psychological and theological examination as experts. Thus, the opinion of a great number of professionals is disregarded. Representatives of traditional confessions in our country have a lot to say: they have extensive experience in the issue of translation of spiritual and moral values, evaluation of activities of intra-confessional radical movements, settlement of confl icts and diff erences.

Use of forensic examination opportunities during the investigation of corruption criminal offenses committed by judges

The article emphasizes the significant pre-trial importance of forensic examinations in investigating corrupt criminal offenses as one of the forms of utilizing specialized knowledge. The authors disclose the definition of forensic examination. Based on the works of criminologists, survey results from practitioners, and the study of verdicts from the Higher Anti-Corruption Court, it was established that forensic examinations are assigned to state specialized expert institutions but to various subjects of forensic activity. A list of forensic examinations types, primarily appointed in the investigation of criminal offenses committed by judges, is also identified. The most common types of forensic examinations in the investigation of corruption criminal offenses committed by judges are considered. The authors emphasize the importance of forensic criminalistic examination of audio and video materials, forensic document examination, forensic portrait examination, forensic handwriting examination, forensic computer-technical examination, forensic dactyloscopic examination, psychological examination, and forensic linguistic (semantic-textual) examination. It is outlined that conducting examinations in corruption-related proceedings is an effective means of determining the crime mechanism, identifying comparative sample and traces of the suspect, and the subject of the unlawful benefit. The main tasks set for the expert to solve during the investigation of corruption criminal offenses committed by judges are systematized. In the modern context, attention is focused on solving identification and diagnostic tasks. All these achievements are substantiated by statistical data results and interviews with practitioners, as well as through the analysis of criminal proceedings in the specified category of offenses.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS COMPETITIVENESS

The study is aimed at identifying the psychological factors of competitiveness of a business organization and determining the directions of organizational activities for their actualization. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in today’s increasingly competitive environment, an organization should strive to make the most of all available resources and factors that can contribute to its competitiveness among other market players. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the authors develop a model of internal (organizational) and external psychological factors of competitiveness of a market-type organization. The internal psychological factors comprise three relatively independent subsystems: the managerial subsystem (goal setting, decision making, labor incentives, change management), the subsystem of professionally important qualities and the subsystem of organizational interaction (socio-psychological climate and corporate culture). The external psychological factors are divided into two subsystems: the client subsystem based on the consumer psychology and the subsystem of institutional interaction with other organizations. The areas of organizational activities aimed at actualizing internal psychological factors of competitiveness include psychological and managerial counseling; designing processes with due regard for psychological factors; psychological examination of various components of organizational activities: management decisions, key processes; personnel selection and training; formation of a socio-psychological climate and development of corporate culture. In order to gain an external competitive advantage, such organizational practices as consumer research, brand development, market positioning, company image formation, and psychological support of the negotiation process will be appropriate. The results of the study can be used by top managers of organizations in the formation of strategies to improve the competitiveness of the company, psychology specialists to determine the directions of psychological support of organizational processes. Key words: business organization, competitiveness, psychological factors, management system, professionally important qualities, organizational interactions, interaction with consumers.

Psychological Support during Surgical Treatment of Children Ill with Respiratory Tuberculosis

The objective: to analyze changes in psycho-emotional status of children ill with respiratory tuberculosis (RTB) in the perioperative period while the children were provided with psychological support.Subjects and Methods. 15 respiratory tuberculosis patients aged 7−12 years who received psychological support during surgical treatment were enrolled in the study. The data of psychological examination in the preoperative, early postoperative and late postoperative periods are presented.Results. In the preoperative period, the vast majority of children with respiratory tuberculosis showed a higher level of neuropsychic tension (86.7% of patients) and anxiety (73.3% of patients). When psychological support was provided during surgical treatment, the program of which was based on EMDR approach and mindfulness, in the early postoperative period, there was a significant decrease in the number of children with a high level of neuropsychic tension – from 86.7% to 46.7% (p<0. 01). At the beginning of the late postoperative period, parameters of psychoemotional status in the overwhelming majority of children were within the range of normal values.

Subject Types of Forensic Psychological Examination Assigned in Connection with Phone Fraud

Subject Types of Forensic Psychological Examination Assigned in Connection with Phone Fraud

Relationship of professional success and development of cognitive mental processes and personal qualities of Vietnam Naval specialists

The levels of development of cognitive mental processes and personal qualities among specialists of the Navy of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam undergoing military service under a contract were considered, and their relationship with military-professional success was assessed. In July 2023, specialists from the Kirov Military Medical Academy together with Vietnamese specialists of the Russian–Vietnamese Tropical Center, conducted a pilot psychological and psychophysiological examination of naval specialists of the Navy of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to study the characteristics of cognitive mental processes (attention, memory, and thinking), motivational and personal qualities, and expert assessments of the success of military-professional adaptation. Statistically significant relationships between expert assessments of professional success and the level of development of cognitive mental processes, characteristics of the motivational sphere, neuropsychic stability, and psychological adaptation characteristics have been identified. The results showed sufficient validity and reliability of the methodological apparatus used for assessing cognitive mental processes and personal psychological adaptive abilities in relation to assessing their relationship with the success of military-professional adaptation, an effective solution of professional and service tasks. The possibility and prospect of considering them in professional psychological selection and medical and psychological (psychophysiological) support of professional activities, examination, and, if necessary, subsequent medical and psychological rehabilitation of naval specialists of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to maintain a high level of their professional health, as well as the need for further research.

Prospects of drawing on the results of researches are with application of poligrafe in finishing telling

In the presented article general directions and prospects of drawing on the results of researches are exposed with application of lie-detector in the process of finishing telling in criminal realizations. On the basis of the obtained data about economic feasibilities poligrafe and him software the list of spheres in that drawing on the results of such researches in Ukraine of most effective is exposed. The value of results of poligraf expert researches is reflected in the system of proofs. It is marked that except a tactical value in the process of finishing telling, the conclusion of expert can become founding of acceptance of such important decisions an inquisitional judge in realization, as realization of searches, temporal access to the things and documents, realization of complex of secret inquisitional (of criminal investigation) actions, setting of other judicial examinations and others like that.
 Certainly, that the results of judicial examination got in time with the use of poligrafe not only can come forward as basis for the construction of versions during investigation and determination of corresponding near-term inquisitional (of criminal investigation) actions but also included in the complex of proofs that there is base on a prosecution. It is marked that possibilities of judicial psychological examination with the use of methodology of lie-detector research are the unique method of realization of right for any personality to confirm veracity of the testimonies (including alibi), fix the position of collaboration with investigation, to lead to the openness.
 The list of psychical and physiology aspects, that can be set by an expert during application to the lie-detector for persons that is checked for involvement to offence, is presented. To such aspects, the following is attributed: to accentuation of personality or propensity to the feasance of separate types of offences; signs of pathological sexual perversions (paedophilias, necrophilias); presence of tracks bits are in memory of person about the circumstances of commission of crime; signs of twisting, saying nothing or constructing of information. Vision is exposed in relation to the complex of measures on the increase of prospect of deployment of possibilities of expert technology of the use of lie-detector in the process of finishing telling in criminal realizations.

О типичных недостатках проведения процессуальных действий, зафиксированных на видеозаписях, представляемых для производства психолого-лингвистических судебных экспертиз

The publication covers the issues of the appointment and carrying out of comprehensive psychological and linguistic forensic examinations of video records of procedural actions within the framework of psychological studies of information resources. The use of linguistic and psychological knowledge is relevant because its helps determine special aspects of forming data provided within a procedural action. The data on the presence or absence of an impact from an offi cial or other person on the testimony (explanation) provision process will be the result of the study; in some cases, such data is necessary to determine evidential signifi cance of the obtained information. Based on the performed analysis of the investigative practice, the author singles out typical procedural and technical violations in activities of investigators carrying out procedural actions. The paper gives practical recommendations for the prevention of such violations.

Psychological exam in the CFSD PM/PB/BM selection – 2023 and the Impossibility of its eliminatory character

The psychological examination, according to the admission process in the Training Course for Police Soldiers and Military Firefighters of the State of Paraíba, Notice 2023, is, inappropriately, an eliminatory phase, which is what is intended to be demonstrated due to the investigations, premises and conclusions presented to from the present study.

A Psychological Examination of the Status Syndrome and Its Application for Promoting Well-Being.

The status syndrome proposed by Marmot is located at the closest level of influence within the Social Determinants of Health (SDH) framework, connecting the body's response to the mental states that arise from the subjective experience of social status. Marmot defines these psychological states through concepts of autonomy and social integration articulated in the Capability Approach (CA). These elements are further explored and expanded upon with the Self-Determination Theory (SDT), an empirically based framework with an extensive tradition of practical application. This lays the groundwork not only for understanding what makes a social environment conducive to well-being but also for shedding light on ways to promote it. The article goes beyond theoretical discussions by introducing a structured model based on the principles of the SDT for health promotion interventions. The model emphasizes the importance of providing a supportive atmosphere and is organized into four distinct phases aimed at aligning interventions with individual motivations, and cultural contexts. Ultimately, the goal is to engage individuals to actively participate in their own well-being while addressing the complexities associated with social inequalities in developed societies.

Item Parameter Drifts Across School Type in Educational Psychology Examination for 2022

Item Parameter Drifts Across School Type in Educational Psychology Examination for 2022

A MODERN VIEW OF THE PROBLEM OF STRESS-INDUCED FERTILITY

Prolonged infertility can cause psychological stress in spouses, which requires the intervention of psychologists, psychotherapists, and sometimes psychiatrists. Purpose: to find out the role of stress in the initiation of infertility in a married couple. Materials and method: to conduct an analysis of modern medical literature on the psychogenic form of infertility. Research results and their discussion
 There are data that thanks to the attention and sensitive attitude to the mental state of patients, pregnancy occurred in 60% of cases. Can this be called a placebo reaction?
 Such a reaction can occur in the initial period of examination of women with probable anovulatory infertility. Psychological examination of a married couple with infertility should not be considered as an examination option, which is resorted to only after the exclusion of organic damage. Psychological and social factors can play a significant role when a woman has pathology of the pelvic organs. To assess the prospects of infertility treatment, the doctor must determine which of the factors - somatic, psychological or social - plays a leading role.
 Only then can he take the right position in relation to patients and assess the degree of his intervention in complex human problems that may arise in the process of diagnosis and treatment, or when choosing an alternative to parenthood.

Особенности разработки и реализации специальной индивидуальной программы развития для обучающихся с комплексными интеллектуальными и зрительными нарушениями

The research aims to present the features of development and implementation of a Specialized Individual Programme of Development (SIPD) for students with complex intellectual and visual impairments, taking into account the stage of schooling. The paper reveals the specific features of the organization and content of psychological and pedagogical examination of students with complex intellectual and visual impairments, presents the stages of development and implementation of an SIPD for children of this group and determines the effectiveness indicators of SIPD implementation. The paper discusses the peculiarity of designing the structure and content of an SIPD for students with intellectual (moderate, severe, profound mental retardation) and visual impairments. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the following: the work is the first in special pedagogy and typhlopedagogy to present the mechanisms for differentiated consideration of the specifics of compensatory development of students with complex intellectual and visual impairments of varying severity, as well as the formation of the academic component and the life competence component in students of this group through SIPD development and implementation. The peculiarity of the negative impact of a combination of intellectual and visual impairments on students’ compensatory development and the possibility of social adaptation is shown. An individually differentiated approach to the organization and conduct of psychological and pedagogical examination of students with complex intellectual and visual impairments, as well as various levels of communicative development has been elaborated. In the field of oligophrenopedagogy, sound recommendations for SIPD development and implementation for students with moderate, severe, profound mental retardation and visual impairment, including those with low vision, taking into account the stage of schooling, have been proposed for the first time. As a result of the research, a scientific and methodological algorithm for designing an individual educational route for students with complex intellectual and visual impairments has been created through SIPD development and implementation in the unity of its educational and correctional-compensatory components, ensuring the formation of the life competence component at an accessible level.

Forensic psychiatric examination of terrorist-related criminal cases: clinical and social characteristics of the sub-experts, analysis of the expert case

In recent years, due to changes in the socio-political situation, including at the international level, the number of terrorism-related criminal cases has increased, and, therefore, the number of forensic psychiatric examinations conducted in this category of cases has risen. To date, there is a lack of any scientific studies or analytical reviews devoted to the problem of forensic examination of suspects and the accused involved in such criminal cases. The article presents the results of a review of cases of outpatient complex forensic psychological and psychiatric examinations in terrorism-related criminal cases conducted on the basis of the Department of Forensic Psychiatric Examination, Psychiatric Clinical Hospital in Moscow, from 2020 to 2023. In total, 25 cases were described and analyzed, clinical and social characteristics were studied, and an overview of expert solutions was given. An analysis of one expert case was carried out. During the examinations, 56 % of the examinees did not show symptoms of mental illness when committing the incriminated criminal act, while 36 % of the examinees in the sample were diagnosed with a mental disorder. The diagnoses included mild cognitive disorder, various types of personality disorders (emotionally unstable, schizoid, with mixed features), alcohol abuse, as well as paranoid and undifferentiated forms of schizophrenia. Based on the conducted research, it is concluded that no confessional model of religious or other consciousness in itself is a source of terrorism, including its political form. Predisposition to terrorist manifestations is a multi-level phenomenon and enters an active phase due to certain «triggers» that operate at the individual, group or mass level, which depends, among other things, on psychopathological factors.

Exploring artificial intelligence approach to art therapy assessment: A case study on the classification and the estimation of psychological state based on a drawing

The art therapy assessment involves the classification of the psychological state of the drawer into several groups (e.g., normal or abnormal) and the estimation of it in numeric (e.g., psychological examination score) based on the interpretation of his or her drawing. Based on a qualitative approach to these tasks, a statistical approach relying various quantitative features of drawings has broadened the scope and methods in the analysis of the psychological states through drawings. In this paper, we explore an artificial intelligence approach and discuss its superiority over the statistical approach and also identify its limitations. The synergistic effects of the interdisciplinary framework combining qualitative, statistical, and artificial intelligence approaches is expected to make a critical contribution to the development of art therapy assessment.

Связь кисты эпифиза с особенностями строения головного мозга и наличием определенных черт личности

Aim. To study the psychological characteristics and microstructural changes of the brain, according to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in healthy volunteers with pineal cyst to determine their clinical significance. Design. A prospective case — control study. Materials and methods. The study involved conditionally healthy volunteers. Based on brain MRI data, study groups were formed: the main group consisted of 33 people with pineal cyst, the control group consisted of 30 people with normal epiphysis structure. The groups were comparable in gender and age. We conducted neurological examination, experimental psychological and neuropsychological examinations, MRI of the brain with post-processing of the data obtained by MR Voxel-based morphometry, determination of the level of melatonin in saliva using enzyme immunoassay. Results. The results of experimental psychological and neuropsychological examinations have shown the tendency of people with a pineal cyst to be absorbed in worries, thoughts about something, as well as to express anxiety. According to MR Voxel-based morphometry, it was found that during cystic transformation of the pineal gland, there are zones of increased cortical thickness in both parietal lobes, each of which is located in the central sections of the postcentral gyrus on the left and the superior parietal gyrus on the right. Conclusion. Psychological features in the presence of a pineal cyst indicate the need to include an experimental psychological examination in the protocol of patient management to identify risk groups for affective disorders. The data obtained by us on microstructural changes in the cortex of the parietal lobes during cystic transformation of the epiphysis indicate the variability of the normal structure of the brain substance and require further clarification. Keywords: brain, pineal cyst, anxiety, depression, melatonin, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance voxel-based morphometry.

ДИФФЕРЕНЦИРОВАННЫЙ ПОДХОД К ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОЙ РАБОТЕ С РОДИТЕЛЯМИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ДЕТСКОЙ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ: НАЧАЛЬНЫЙ ЭТАП ИЗУЧЕНИЯ СЕМЬИ

Introduction. The article deals with topical issues of providing pedagogical assistance to parents (substituting persons) raising children with the consequences of neurotrauma in hospital conditions: the features of including adults close to the child in a complex of rehabilitation measures are studied; groups of parents are presented, accounting for which makes it possible to effectively build a comprehensive content of the rehabilitation process. The purpose of the study is to present the results of studying the specifics of parental attitudes towards a child with the consequences of neurotrauma. Materials and methods. 106 families were involved. Research methods: the study of psychological, medical, and pedagogical documentation; questionnaires and conversations with parents; directed observation; psychological and pedagogical examination of the child. Results. The methods of studying the parental position in a hospital are determined. The criteria of parental activity and factors that both improve and complicate the inclusion of loved ones in complex rehabilitation are described (biological, individual psychological, micro, and macrosocial). Differentiated parent groups have been identified, accounting for which allows the development of pedagogical assistance, content, and methods variably both at the early stage of rehabilitation and in the long-term recovery period of the child. Discussion and conclusion. All families raising children with the consequences of neurotrauma need comprehensive medical, psychological and pedagogical assistance throughout the rehabilitation/habilitation process. The content of pedagogical work with loved ones is built differentially, based on the levels of parental groups. The results of the study may be useful to specialists providing comprehensive care to children with severe neurotrauma, as wellas close adults.

THE WILL OF THE TESTATOR: THE LIMITS OF REFLECTION IN THE WILL

Considering in this article civil procedural relations related to the limits of reflecting the will of the testator in a perfect will, as well as notarial and judicial practice on this issue, we have established a relatively conservative trend in the absence of motives in perfect wills for making a decision on the disposal of property based on the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 1119 and paragraph 1 of Article 1130 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, allowing (but not prohibiting) not to specify such, as well as the related problem of conducting postmortem psychological and psychiatric examinations and, as a result, the courts making decisions on invalidation of wills. Based on the studied theoretical provisions and analyzed judicial acts, the article provides recommendations for their application in notarial activities regarding the issue of reflecting the motive of the testator’s decision to dispose of property when making a will.

Features of determining and conducting forensic psychological examination of suicide cases: organizational-methodical and tactical procedural aspects

Features of determining and conducting forensic psychological examination of suicide cases: organizational-methodical and tactical procedural aspects