Psychiatric Comorbidity In Children Research Articles

Psychopathology in Children and Adolescents With Migraine in Clinical Studies: A Systematic Review

In past decades, numerous population- and hospital-based studies have revealed a relationship between migraine or headache and psychopathology in children. To describe and assess all clinical studies on the prevalence and manifestations of psychological functioning and psychiatric comorbidity in children with migraine and to provide recommendations for its diagnosis and treatment. A literature search was performed in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Database to identify clinical studies that assessed psychological functioning and/or psychiatric comorbidity in children with migraine. Trial quality was assessed according to a standardized and validated set of criteria. Seven studies met our inclusion criteria. Evidence assessment was performed by using the best-evidence synthesis method of Slavin. On the basis of this method, we found strong evidence that children with migraine in a clinical setting do not exhibit more withdrawn behavior, do not have more thought problems, do not have more social problems, and do not exhibit more delinquent or aggressive behavior than healthy children. Furthermore, there is strong evidence that children with migraine have more somatic complaints and exhibit internalizing behavior which is, given the construct of the outcome measure used, a consequence of the nature of their disease rather than a sign of psychological dysfunctioning. Finally, compared with healthy children, there is limited evidence that children with migraine in a clinical setting are more frequently diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder, and they are not more frequently diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, dysthymia, or depression. On the basis of this review, we conclude that children with migraine at referral to a specialist do not exhibit more psychological dysfunctioning and (to a lesser extent) do not exhibit more psychiatric comorbidity compared with healthy controls.

Clinical Response to Methylphenidate in Children Diagnosed with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders

To determine to what extent the clinical response to methylphenidate (MPH) is affected by psychiatric comorbidities in children diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Children (n = 267) aged 6 to 12 years diagnosed with ADHD participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-week medication trial of MPH. Children were assessed using parent and teacher ratings and laboratory measures. Clinical response to MPH was determined by integrating all obtained measures. Meeting criteria for conduct disorder (CD) was 27.7% of children, 40.8% for oppositional defiant (ODD), 47.2% for anxiety, and 7.9% for depressive disorders. The presence of CD or ODD was associated with good response to MPH. In contrast, children diagnosed with only comorbid anxiety were more likely to receive poor response rating independent of age, sex, or socioeconomic status. Low family income was found to be predictive of good response to MPH. The response to MPH in children with ADHD may be dependent on the type of comorbid disorder present. NCT00483106.

Psychiatric Complications in Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a disorder of motor and posture impairment resulting from brain injury prior to completion of cerebral development. It affects 2 to 3 per 1000 individuals. CP is also associated with sensory, behavioral, cognitive, and emotional sequelae. Few systematic studies of psychiatric comorbidities in children and adolescents with CP have been conducted, as the main focus of concern has been on the physical disabilities. This has diverted attention from treatable psychiatric syndromes. Proper psychiatric evaluation of children with CP is an important task, as appropriate interventions can help them reach their full potential and enhance the quality of their lives and those of their families. We report the case of an individual with CP with behavioral and emotional symptoms to illustrate the diagnostic complexity involved. The case highlights the importance of engaging in a comprehensive diagnostic psychiatric evaluation process to assess and suggest treatment options for accompanying comorbid psychiatric conditions.

Psychiatric comorbidity in children with epilepsy

Die alltagliche und klinische Erfahrung, dass psychiatrische Storungen im Rahmen von Epilepsien im Kindesalter haufiger sind als bei gesunden Personen, wird erwartungsgemas durch eine grose Zahl von methodologisch heterogenen Arbeiten gestutzt. Es nimmt naturlich kein Wunder, dass Verhaltensauffalligkeiten und verschiedenartige psychiatrische Symptome bei Kindern mit einer Epilepsie auf dem Boden einer ausgepragten Hirnanlagestorung oder -schadigung haufiger sind und das Ausmas der in aller Regel schweren Hirnfunktionsstorung widerspiegeln. Eine besondere Rolle spielen autistische Symptome, die v. a. bei Temporallappenepilepsien, dem West- und Lennox-Gastaut-Syndrom sowie im Rahmen atypischer idiopathisch fokaler Epilepsien mit bioelektrischem Status angetroffen werden. Aber auch bei unkomplizierten Epilepsien, oft schon im Beginn, lassen sich signifikante Verhaltensauffalligkeiten nachweisen. Entscheidend ist es, die meist multiatiologischen Storungen zu erkennen und eine adaquate Therapie einzuleiten.

P02-105 Psychiatric comorbidity in children and adolescents with high functioning autism

Aim:The present study aimed to investigate psychiatric comorbidity rates and patterns in a sample of clinically referred school-aged children with High Functioning Autism (HFA).Method:All cases were taken from children and adolescents who consecutively referred to Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Autism Unit. Participants were 30 children and adolescents (29 male, 1 female), aged 6-15 (10y 2m ± 2y 2m) year-old, who met DSM-IV criteria for Autistic Disorder and had a Performance IQ over 70 on WISC-R. Psychiatric comorbidity was assessed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL).Results:90% (n=27) of the children had at least one comorbid psychiatric disorder, and 76.6% (n=23) had two or more. In 76.6% (n=23) of the cases at least one Anxiety Disorder was present, and in 63% (n=19) of the children criteria for at least one Disruptive Behavior Disorder was met. The most frequent Axis I psychiatric diagnoses were ADHD (60%), SP (53.3%), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (30%) and OCD (20%).Conclusion:A very high rate of psychiatric disorders was detected in a small group of clinically referred children and adolescents with HFA. These results underscore the importance of detailed assessment of behavioral and emotional problems in ASDs.

Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children with Epilepsy … or is It: Epilepsy Comorbidity in Children with Psychiatric Disorders?

Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children with New Onset Epilepsy. Jones JE, Watson R, Sheth R, Caplan R, Koehn M, Seidenberg M, Hermann B. Dev Med Child Neurol 2007;49(7):493–497. The aim of this study was to characterize the distribution, timing, and risk factors for psychiatric comorbidity in children with recent onset epilepsy. Children aged 8 to 18 years with recent onset epilepsy (<1 year in duration) of idiopathic etiology ( n = 53) and a healthy comparison group ( n = 50) underwent a structured psychiatric diagnostic interview to characterize the spectrum of lifetime-to-date history of comorbid psychiatric disorder. There was no significant difference between the children with recent onset epilepsy and healthy comparison children in sex (31 males, 22 females vs 23 males, 27 females) or mean age 12.7y [SD 3.3] vs 12.7y [SD 3.2]). Children with recent onset epilepsy exhibited an elevated rate of lifetime-to-date Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) Axis I disorders compared with the comparison group. They showed significantly higher rates of depressive disorders (22.6 vs. 4%, p = 0.01), anxiety disorders (35.8 vs 22%, p<0.05), and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (26.4 vs 10%, p = 0.01) with elevated but less prevalent rates of oppositional defiant and tic disorders. A subset of children with epilepsy (45%) exhibited DSM-IV Axis I disorders before the first recognized seizure, suggesting the potential influence of antecedent neurobiological factors that remain to be identified. The increased prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity antedating epilepsy onset may be consistent with the presence of underlying neurobiological influences independent of seizures, epilepsy syndrome, and medication treatment.

Psychiatric comorbidity in children with new onset epilepsy

The aim of this study was to characterize the distribution, timing, and risk factors for psychiatric comorbidity in children with recent onset epilepsy. Children aged 8 to 18 years with recent onset epilepsy (<1 year in duration) of idiopathic etiology (n=53) and a healthy comparison group (n=50) underwent a structured psychiatric diagnostic interview to characterize the spectrum of lifetime-to-date history of comorbid psychiatric disorder. There was no significant difference between the children with recent onset epilepsy and healthy comparison children in sex (31 males, 22 females vs 23 males, 27 females) or mean age 12.7y [SD 3.3] vs 12.7y [SD 3.2]). Children with recent onset epilepsy exhibited an elevated rate of lifetime-to-date Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) Axis I disorders compared with the comparison group. They showed significantly higher rates of depressive disorders (22.6 vs. 4%, p=0.01), anxiety disorders (35.8 vs 22%, p<0.05), and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (26.4 vs 10%, p=0.01) with elevated but less prevalent rates of oppositional defiant and tic disorders. A subset of children with epilepsy (45%) exhibited DSM-IV Axis I disorders before the first recognized seizure, suggesting the potential influence of antecedent neurobiological factors that remain to be identified. The increased prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity antedating epilepsy onset may be consistent with the presence of underlying neurobiological influences independent of seizures, epilepsy syndrome, and medication treatment.

Somatic and psychiatric co‐morbidity in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

To describe the prevalence of somatic and psychiatric co-morbidity in children diagnosed with ADHD and other behavioural problems compared to this prevalence in children seen at the outpatient department without either of these conditions. A retrospective controlled case study was conducted in 369 children. All children with ADHD were diagnosed by a clinical psychologist in a hospital setting according to the DSM IV classification. Co-morbidity was determined by pediatricians. Somatic co-morbidity was seen in 94 % of the children. However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of somatic co-morbidity in patients with ADHD nor in patients with behavioural problems other than ADHD when compared with the control group. Only two differences slight were observed. In the ADHD group and the group with behavioural problems motor impairment was seen more often and in the control group constipation was diagnosed more frequently. Except for motor impairment, somatic co-morbidity of any kind does not seem to occur more frequently in children with ADHD.

Neurobehavioral disorders in children, adolescents, and young adults with Down syndrome

The term dual-diagnosis refers to a person with mental retardation and a psychiatric disorder. Most children with Down syndrome (DS) do not have a psychiatric or neurobehavioral disorder. Current prevalence estimates of neurobehavioral and psychiatric co-morbidity in children with DS range from 18% to 38%. We have found it useful to distinguish conditions with a pre-pubertal onset from those presenting in the post-pubertal period, as these are biologically distinct periods each with a unique vulnerability to specific psychiatric disorders. Due to the increased recognition that psychiatric symptoms may co-occur with mental retardation, and are not inextricably linked to cognitive impairment, these conditions are considered treatable, in part, under a medical model. Improvement in physiologic regulation, emotional stability, and neurocognitive processing is one of the most elusive but fundamental goals of pharmacologic intervention in these disorders.

PSYCHIATRIC CO-MORBIDITY IN PEDIATRIC SURGICALLY TREATED TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY

Objectives: Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) is associated with psychiatric co-morbidity particularly depression. Most reports describe adults. The objective of this study is to investigate psychiatric co-morbidity in children with surgically treated temporal lobe epilepsy.

Phonological Awareness

No AccessLanguage, Speech, and Hearing Services in SchoolsClinical Forum1 Oct 2005Phonological AwarenessEffecting Change Through the Integration of Research Findings Gail T. Gillon Gail T. Gillon Corresponding author: e-mail: E-mail Address: [email protected] Department of Communication Disorders, University of Canterbury, Private Bag, 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand Google Scholar More articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2005/034) SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In REFERENCES Abdelrahman, A. I., Rodriguez, G., Ryan, J. A., French, J. E., & Weinbaum, D. (1998). The epidemiology of substance use among middle school students: The impact of school, familial, community and individual risk factors.Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse, 8(1), 55–75. Google Scholar Bernthal, J., & Bankson, N. (1998). Articulation and phonological disorders. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Google Scholar Ehri, L. (1992). Reconceptualizing the development of sight word reading and its relationship to recoding.In P. Gough, L. Ehri, & R. Treiman (Eds.), Reading acquisition (pp. 107–143). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Google Scholar Gillon, G. (2002). Follow-up study investigating benefits of phonological awareness intervention for children with spoken language impairment.International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 37(4), 381–400. Google Scholar Gillon, G. (2004). Phonological awareness: From research to practice. New York: The Guilford Press. Google Scholar Gillon, G., & Dodd, B. (1995). The effects of training phonological, semantic and syntactic processing skills in spoken language on reading ability.Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 26, 58–68. ASHAWireGoogle Scholar Gillon, G. T. (2005). Facilitating phoneme awareness development in 3- and 4-year-old children with speech impairment.Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 36, 308–324. 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A Constructive Comment on Rvachew and Grawburg’s (2006) StudyErich Hartmann Volume 36Issue 4October 2005Pages: 346-349 Get Permissions Add to your Mendeley library HistoryReceived: May 6, 2005Accepted: May 10, 2005 Published in issue: Oct 1, 2005 Metrics Topicsasha-topicsasha-article-typesCopyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 American Speech-Language-Hearing AssociationPDF downloadLoading ...

Psychiatric comorbidity in children and adolescents

This review critically discusses recent research findings on psychiatry comorbidity in children and adolescent persons. Several epidemiological studies have confirmed previous findings in relation to the high rates of psychiatric comorbidity in children and adolescents. In particular, psychiatric comorbidity has been detected in children with substance abuse, and with conduct and oppositional defiant, anxiety and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorders. These studies have also investigated the impact comorbidity has on symptom presentation, outcome and service utilization. Although the presence of concurrent psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents is well established, there has been limited research on the need for different treatment modalities in children suffering from more than one disorder. It is widely accepted that children and adolescents frequently present with more than one psychiatric diagnosis. The substantial variation in psychiatric comorbidity found in the literature may be due to the different methods of data collection as well as to the classification system used. Whether children and adolescents fulfil diagnostic criteria for a mixed condition (International Classification of Diseases-10) or multiple disorders (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV), it is important that the concurrent psychopathology be recognized and treated.

22% of preschool children, 8% of primary school students and 3% of adolescents have tics

(2002 May) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 44, 330; Gadow K, Nolan E, Sprafkin J et al. . Tics and psychiatric comorbidity in children and adolescents. . ; . :...

Psychiatric comorbidities in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: implications for management.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is frequently comorbid with a variety of psychiatric disorders. These include oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder (CD), as well as affective, anxiety, and tic disorders. ADHD and ADHD with comorbid CD appear to be distinct subtypes; children with ADHD/CD are at higher risk of antisocial personality and substance abuse as adults. Stimulants are often effective treatments for aggressive or antisocial behavior in patients with ADHD, but mood stabilizers or atypical antipsychotics may be used to treat explosive aggressive outbursts. Response to stimulants is not affected by comorbid anxiety, but children with ADHD/anxiety disorder may show greater benefit from psychosocial interventions than those with ADHD alone. The degree of prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder among children with ADHD is controversial, but a subgroup of severely emotionally labile ADHD children who present serious management issues for the clinician clearly exists. Antidepressants may be used in conjunction with stimulants to treat MDD, while mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics are often required to treat manic symptoms or aggression. After resolution of the manic episode, stimulant treatment of the comorbid ADHD may be safely undertaken. Recent research suggests that stimulants can be safely used in children with comorbid ADHD and tic disorders, but the addition of anti-tic agents to stimulants is often necessary. Clinicians who work with patients with ADHD should be prepared to deal with a wide range of emotional and behavioral problems beyond the core symptoms of inattention and impulsivity/hyperactivity.

Cigarette Smoking and Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents

To review the current state of knowledge of psychiatric comorbidity in adolescent cigarette smokers. assisted literature search was conducted and seminal articles were cross-referenced for comprehensiveness of the search. For each disorder, a synopsis of knowledge in adults is provided and compared with the knowledge in adolescents. Psychiatric comorbidity is common in adolescent cigarette smokers, especially disruptive behavior disorders (such as oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), major depressive disorders, and drug and alcohol use disorders. Anxiety disorders are modestly associated with cigarette smoking. Both early onset (<13 years) cigarette smoking and conduct problems seem to be robust markers of increased psychopathology, including substance abuse, later in life. In spite of the high comorbidity, very few adolescents have nicotine dependence diagnosed or receive smoking cessation treatment in child and adolescent psychiatric treatment settings. There is increasing evidence for high rates of psychiatric comorbidity in adolescent cigarette smokers. Cigarette smoking in adolescence appears to be a strong marker of future psychopathology. Child and adolescent psychiatry treatment programs may be a good setting for prevention efforts and treatment, which should focus on both nicotine dependence and psychiatric disorders.

Tics and psychiatric comorbidity in children and adolescents

Tics and psychiatric comorbidity in children and adolescents

Tics and psychiatric comorbidity in children and adolescents

This study examined comorbid psychiatric symptoms in a large, community-based sample of children and adolescents. The study sample comprised a total of 3006 school children: 413 preschool (3 to 5 years; 237 males, 176 females; mean age 4 years 2 months, SD 8 months), 1520 elementary school (5 to 12 years; 787 males, 733 females; mean age 8 years 2 months, SD 1 year 11 months), and 1073 secondary school children (12 to 18 years; 573 males, 500 females; mean age 14 years 4 months, SD 1 year 10 months), all of whom were attending regular education programs. Children were evaluated with a teacher-completed DSM-IV-referenced rating scale. The sample was divided into four groups: attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder with tics (ADHD+tics), ADHD without tics (ADHD), tics without ADHD (T), and a comparison group i.e. neither ADHD nor tics (Non). The percentage of children with tic behaviors varied with age: preschool children (22.3%), elementary school children (7.8%), and adolescents (3.4%). Tic behaviors were more common in males than females, regardless of comorbid ADHD symptoms. For many psychiatric symptoms, screening prevalence rates were highest for the ADHD groups (ADHD+tics>ADHD>T>Non). However, obsessive-compulsive and simple and social phobia symptoms were more common in the groups with tic behavior. Findings for a community-based sample show many similarities with studies of clinically referred samples suggesting that teacher-completed ratings of DSM-IV symptoms may be a useful methodology for investigating the phenomenology of tic disorders.

Tics and psychiatric comorbidity in children and adolescents

This study examined comorbid psychiatric symptoms in a large, community‐based sample of children and adolescents. The study sample comprised a total of 3006 school children: 413 preschool (3 to 5 years; 237 males, 176 females; mean age 4 years 2 months, SD 8 months), 1520 elementary school (5 to 12 years; 787 males, 733 females; mean age 8 years 2 months, SD 1 year 11 months), and 1073 secondary school children (12 to 18 years; 573 males, 500 females; mean age 14 years 4 months, SD 1 year 10 months), all of whom were attending regular education programs. Children were evaluated with a teacher‐completed DSM‐IV‐referenced rating scale. The sample was divided into four groups: attention‐deficit‐hyperactivity disorder with tics (ADHD+tics), ADHD without tics (ADHD), tics without ADHD (T), and a comparison group i.e. neither ADHD nor tics (Non). The percentage of children with tic behaviors varied with age: preschool children (22.3%), elementary school children (7.8%), and adolescents (3.4%). Tic behaviors were more common in males than females, regardless of comorbid ADHD symptoms. For many psychiatric symptoms, screening prevalence rates were highest for the ADHD groups (ADHD+tics ADHDTNon). However, obsessive‐compulsive and simple and social phobia symptoms were more common in the groups with tic behavior. Findings for a community‐based sample show many similarities with studies of clinically referred samples suggesting that teacher‐completed ratings of DSM‐IV symptoms may be a useful methodology for investigating the phenomenology of tic disorders.

Aggression and Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children With Hypothalamic Hamartomas and Their Unaffected Siblings

To assess aggression and psychiatric comorbidity in a sample of children with hypothalamic hamartomas and gelastic seizures and to assess psychiatric diagnoses in siblings of study subjects. Children with a clinical history of gelastic seizures and hypothalamic hamartomas (n = 12; age range 3-14 years) had diagnoses confirmed by video-EEG and head magnetic resonance imaging. Structured interviews were administered, including the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-Revised Parent Form (DICA-R-P), the Test of Broad Cognitive Abilities, and the Vitiello Aggression Scale. Parents were interviewed with the DICA-R-P about each subject and a sibling closest in age without seizures and hypothalamic hamartomas. Patients were seen from 1998 to 2000. Children with gelastic seizures and hypothalamic hamartomas displayed a statistically significant increase in comorbid psychiatric conditions, including oppositional defiant disorder (83.3%) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (75%). They also exhibited high rates of conduct disorder (33.3%), speech retardation/learning impairment (33.3%), and anxiety and mood disorders (16.7%). Significant rates of aggression were noted, with 58% of the seizure patients meeting criteria for the affective subtype of aggression and 30.5% having the predatory aggression subtype. Affective aggression was significantly more common (p < .05). Unaffected siblings demonstrated low rates of psychiatric pathology on semistructured parental interview and no aggression as measured by the Vitiello Aggression Scale. Children with hypothalamic hamartomas and gelastic seizures had high rates of psychiatric comorbidity and aggression. Parents reported that healthy siblings had very low rates of psychiatric pathology and aggression.

Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents with Reading Disability

Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents with Reading Disability