State Provision Research Articles

The Participation of Ethnic Groups and Minorities in Political and Institutional Life in Kosovo

Abstract This paper explores the participation and engagement of ethnic groups and minorities in Kosovo’s political and institutional life during the post-war period (after 1999) and the post-independence phase (after 2008). The involvement of minorities in Kosovo’s institutional framework is grounded in the concept of a multiethnic state, with constitutional and legal provisions ensuring their rights. These provisions enable minorities to participate in all areas of state activity within the Republic of Kosovo. The paper addresses how circumstances and opportunities for participation have evolved, the challenges, threats, and risks faced, and what legislative measures have been enacted to ensure the political and institutional representation of ethnic groups and minorities.

The Problems of Ideology in the Context of State-Legal Reality

Introduction. The article analyzes the phenomena associated with the emergence of ideologies, their manifestations in the conditions of state and legal reality, as well as the views of researchers regarding the concept of ideology, which for many decades was considered as false consciousness. Changes occurred only by the end of the XX century with the emergence of new scientific concepts with the participation of foreign and domestic scientists. social group, then there should also be a political direction in the activities of the state. It could have the character of a humanitarian policy. The study presents its author's definition. Particular attention is paid to the nature of the interaction between ideology and law, which is considered as a value phenomenon. After the adoption of the decree on the approval of the foundations of state policy for the preservation of traditional values, such a conceptual document is considered by the authors in the context of its ideological content, without which strategic planning for the development of the country is impossible. The issues of interaction between ideology and law are analyzed in the format of the state as a complex social system. The article contains an analysis of the influence of information technologies used in legal relations, which generates the need for legal regulation, which means that they are included in the object of legal cognition, reflection and comprehension by legal consciousness. The conclusion is made that it is necessary to pay more attention to the factors that have a positive impact on legal consciousness. It is argued that the state-legal reality allows us to see the state in its legal design and legal consolidation, and the law in its state provision and guarantee, without interfering with the detailed analysis of both the state and the law. In conclusion, the author formulates proposals concerning the objective demand for ideological forms by the state and its power structures, even if the dominant ideology is not enshrined in the country, since all social institutions have ideological foundations in the protection of values and traditions in society.Materials and methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the scientific research consists of general scientific and special scientific methods of cognition. In the work, the methods of systemic, comparative legal analysis, ascent from the abstract to the concrete, philosophical and legal research tools of ideological processes, the involvement of the results of domestic and foreign research on the interaction of ideology and law, statehood, state structure as a complex social system were used.Results of the study. Based on the results of the analysis, it was revealed that the state and its power structures in the conditions of a specific state-legal reality objectively require ideological forms, even if the dominant ideology is not fixed in the country. Consequently, all social institutions have ideological foundations in the protection of values and traditions in society. Discussion and conclusion. The ideological component is manifested in law, among other things, in politically engaged, opportunistic norms and normative legal acts. The intellectual content of the country's strategic development is closely related to the concept of "Russian identity". Identity answers the questions: What are we? Where are our roots? What are our traditions? How do we pass on these traditions from generation to generation? The description of identity remains a scientific and historical description of society. In turn, identity is closely related to ideology. But if identity answers one question: What are we? Ideological forms contain answers to the questions: Where are we heading? What is our goal?

The Administrative Liability for Violation of Laws on the Organization of Provision of State and Municipal Services (Art. 5.63 of the Administrative Offense Code of the Russian Federation)

The Administrative Liability for Violation of Laws on the Organization of Provision of State and Municipal Services (Art. 5.63 of the Administrative Offense Code of the Russian Federation)

К вопросу о понимании объективного и субъективного права в отечественной государственно-правовой доктрине конца XIX – начала ХХ в.

In article features of teoretiko-ideological understanding of the subjective and objective beginnings in the right in Russia at the beginning of the 20th Century as basic provisions of state and legal regulation and also the understanding of category “legal entity” caused by these provisions are considered. State and legal views on the matter of such domestic jurists as F.F. Kokoshkin, A.D. Gradovsky, N.N. Rozin are analyzed; also for comparison by the author views of representatives of the Western European legal thought are given.

Немедицинские аспекты доступности медицинской помощи при территориальном планировании в здравоохранении.

Improving the accessibility of medical care is one of the tasks to achieve the goals of state policy in saving the population and human development of a number of strategic documents of the Russian Federation. Purpose of the study is to analyze the non-medical aspects of ensuring accessibility of medical care, their normative legal regulation in territorial planning in healthcare at the regional level. Materials and methods. The source of information was legal acts from the reference legal system ConsultantPlus. Descriptive and analytical methods were used in the study. Results. It is shown that the issues of ensuring accessibility of medical care and creating conditions for its provision and development are attributed by various legislative and regulatory acts both to the powers of public authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation and to the powers of local governments within the competence defined by the legislation of the Russian Federation, but these provisions of powers are fixed differently and require amendments and clarifications. The expediency of making amendments to normative acts of different levels and departments within the framework of clarifying the norm on creating conditions for the provision of medical care to the population on the territory of a municipal district or municipal, urban district in terms of providing transport services to the population and organization of transport services, parking space with the possibility of getting to a medical organization for all groups of the population has been determined. Within the framework of regulation, other social guarantees for children of medical workers and norms on providing medical workers with housing (office housing, under a social rent agreement, provision of relevant subsidies and payments for the purchase of housing) need to be specified. The presence of sufficient regulation in terms of the rules of construction and maintenance of roads in the legal field was determined, however, the federal laws and subordinate regulations cited in the study lack specificity and correlation of these legal norms in relation to medical organizations. Conclusions. The necessity to improve the normative basis of non-medical aspects of state and municipal provision of accessibility of medical care to the population in terms of correlation between constitutional norms and legal acts of different departments has been determined in order to specify measures aimed at improving accessibility in the provision of medical care regarding transport accessibility, social guarantees for medical personnel and other measures to develop infrastructure.

'Beyond the Reach of Palliative Care': A Qualitative Study of Patient and Public Experiences and Anticipation of Death and Dying.

The demands and costs of health care resulting from increasingly ageing populations have become a major public health issue in the United Kingdom and other industrially developed nations. Concern with cost containment and shortage of resources has prompted a progressive shift in responsibility from state provision of care to individual patients and their families, and from the institutional setting of the hospital to the domestic home. Under the guise of choice and patient centredness, end-of-life care is framed within a discourse of the 'good death': free from distress and discomfort and accompanied by significant others in the preferred place, usually assumed to be home. The promotion of the 'good death' as a technical accomplishment enabled by pre-emptive discussion and advance care planning has sidelined recognition of the nature and significance of the pain and suffering involved in the experience of dying. There has been little research into the disparity between policy and professional assumptions and the lived reality of end of life. In this paper, we present findings from a qualitative study of how terminally ill patients, bereaved family members, and members of the public understand, anticipate, and experience death and dying. These findings contribute to an important and timely critique of the normative idealisation of death and dying in health policy and practice, and the need to attend closely to the real-world experiences of patients and the public as a prerequisite for identifying and remedying widespread shortcomings in end-of-life care.

PROBLEMS OF ESTABLISHING KEEPING ONE FROM MARRIAGE IN THE CONDITIONS OF MARITAL STATE IN UKRAINE

The study highlights the difficulties associated with establishing spousal support under martial law in Ukraine. A comprehensive analysis reveals the problems that individuals may face when exercising their right to receive material support from the other spouse who is a member of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to highlight the current challenges and peculiarities associated with establishing spousal support under martial law in Ukraine. The article states that the obligation to pay alimony is one of the most important institutions of modern family law in Ukraine. Its importance is due to its fundamental role in ensuring the protection and stability of family relations. Alimony obligations to support spouses, based on both legal and moral values, serve as a cornerstone for maintaining social equality in society. It is established that family law establishes moral standards for material support of spouses, while recognising the limited scope of state provision of such needs. This dual approach reflects the balance between legal obligations and practical aspects of family relations. Family law recognises the importance of mutual support and care among family members, but also acknowledges the reality that public funds may not be sufficient to meet their needs. It is substantiated that spousal support in a marriage relationship is mutual, where the financial well-being of each partner is intertwined with their financial situation. Recognising the vulnerability that can arise when one of the spouses is unable to earn an income, the law seeks to ensure that persons in such circumstances are not left without the necessary financial assistance. It is established that the conditions of martial law in Ukraine pose significant challenges in the field of family law, in particular with regard to spousal support, especially when one of the family members, in particular a husband, is mobilised to the Armed Forces of Ukraine. In particular, there are problems with the payment of state financial support to such persons, which may have a negative impact on the timeliness of receiving financial assistance by the person in need of support. The author gives an opinion as to whether a person who has failed to pay spousal maintenance in a timely manner should be held liable, given that such a person, being a military officer, was not provided with a timely allowance for military service. It is noted that there are certain aspects of the judicial process in cases of establishing maintenance for one of the spouses when the other is mobilised and serves in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. This study highlights the urgent need for a special approach to the consideration of cases on the establishment of spousal maintenance under martial law. Although the fundamental principles of equality and justice remain unchanged, the realities of wartime require individual approaches that take into account the unique challenges faced by both payers and recipients of spousal maintenance. Therefore, the problems described above underline the need for further scientific research into the theory and practice of establishing spousal maintenance under martial law in Ukraine.

Building the Prison to Legal Drug Dealing Pipeline: A Comparative Analysis of Social Equity Policies in Recreational Cannabis Licensing

Since 2012, twenty-four states have legalized adult-use recreational cannabis. To varying degrees, state laws allow for the production, distribution, retail sale, and on-site consumption of cannabis in licensed businesses. Accompanying cannabis, some legalization has acknowledged that black and brown communities were disproportionately impacted by the war on drugs. To address this, social equity provisions have been a component of their public policies related to cannabis legalization. These provisions include measures to expunge cannabis-related criminal records and create social equity set-asides for cannabis business licenses. This paper’s research question asks if, under its current structure and implementation, recreational cannabis laws achieve social equity goals. The methods for the analysis apply content analysis to public policy documents and quantify recreational cannabis licensing outcomes. These methods were applied to a comparative analysis of social equity provisions in state and local cannabis laws applicable to large U.S. cities (2020 population > 600,000). This analysis focuses on the characteristics of set-asides for social equity licenses to sell recreational cannabis. The analysis examines the scope of social equity policies, their administration and implementation, and the characteristics of licensees. The findings from the analysis are used to identify a model policy framework and generate recommendations to strengthen social equity outcomes in recreational cannabis licensing.

Differences between state and independent sector provision.

Differences between state and independent sector provision.

Clinical guidelines for prevention, diagnostics, treatment and recovery from acute radiation injuries: classification and basic pathology

The provision of state guarantees to citizens with medical care is achieved by compliance with clinical recommendations by medical organizations. However, acute diseases (conditions) caused by excess radiation were excluded from the relevant pathologies for the development of appropriate clinical recommendations. The current events increase the relevance of acute radiation pathology for the healthcare system and determine the high risk of such cases among the personnel of radiation-hazardous facilities and population. The necessity of developing national clinical guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of acute radiation injury victims is substantiated. Based on an analytical review of the databases of NEB, PubMed, and Medline for 1970 to 2023 on the problem of prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of individuals exposed to excess radiation and analysis of the regulatory framework governing the process of creating clinical recommendations in the Russian Federation on the provision of medical care to victims of acute radiation injuries, the main terms and their definitions relevant to acute radiation pathology were formulated, which must be unified when developing clinical recommendations. The basic classification of acute radiation lesions is presented, systematizing the variety of possible clinical forms of diseases (conditions) and their etiopathogenetic variants based on the characteristics of the types of ionizing radiation sources and individual characteristics of the conditions of acute radiation exposure. Variants of working clinical classifications of acute radiation lesions based on the generalization of the experience in the country and the world on the systematization of acute radiation pathology were determined. In general, the expediency of developing a group of clinical recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of acute radiation injuries, covering all the various current clinical forms of diseases caused by excess (uncontrolled, unregulated, emergency) exposure, is justified. The task of determining the current list of diseases (conditions) and groups of diseases (conditions) caused by excessive human exposure in the dose range that can lead to the development of acute radiation lesions is of practical importance both for departmental medicine and the country’s healthcare system.

Foreign experience of digitalization of public services

The article examines the foreign experience of digitalization of public services. The object of the study is social relations that are formed in the field of providing electronic public services in developed countries. The subject of the study is Ukrainian and international legal norms regulating relations in the field of providing electronic public services. The specificity of the selected objects and the subject of research determine the methodological basis. To achieve the goal and solve the set tasks, general scientific methods of cognition were used: induction and deduction, the method of analysis and synthesis, abstraction, system-structural approach, historical and logical methods, special legal methods: formal-legal, comparative-legal, system-structural and system-functional. The essence of the state and its social purpose are decisive in determining the direction of the state's activities, its goals and objectives in the field of providing public services using digital technologies. It was determined that the introduction of digital platforms and services allows systematizing and optimizing the processes of providing public services, shortening the terms of providing services and improving the quality of their provision. The main areas of activity of the authorities of the countries of the European Union - Malta, Estonia, Luxembourg, Sweden, Austria, Latvia, Finland, the Netherlands, Ireland, Portugal, Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, Spain - are indicated, aimed at the implementation of digital technologies in public administration, including regarding the provision of state (administrative) services. The positive and negative aspects of the provision of state (administrative) services with the help of end-to-end technologies of interaction of service providers and information and communication technologies are indicated. The measures that should be implemented by Ukraine in order to optimize and convert public services into digital form are outlined. Further research should be directed to the study of the functioning of digital platforms as a technological infrastructure for the provision of digital services.

Guiding a Russian region’s development under the moral paradigm: A case of the Republic of Crimea

Methodological and practical aspects of guiding the socio-economic development of Russia’s new regions are being actively conceptualized. The study attempts to identify the strategic avenue for governing one of Russia’s regions, namely the Republic of Crimea, in the context of moral imperatives. Methodologically, the work relies on a set of scientific concepts, such as state (regional) governance and new public management, as well as the provisions of humanistic, evolutionary, institutional and economic theories. The research methods are systematization, content analysis, analogical reasoning, and comparativeanalytical approach. The empirical evidence covers regulations and governmental programmes by the RF Government, executive authorities of the Republic of Crimea, and materials of the Simferopol and Crimea Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church for 2005–2023. The paper presents a scientific explication of the moral paradigm in the context of state (regional) governance. We have substantiated a strategic direction of Crimea’s socio-economic development based on moral principles, including: dominance of the recreation sector generating a multiplier effect for related industries in the region; transformation of the functions and structure of the Crimean economy due to the special military operation in Ukraine and the rise in the moral component; the growing importance of healthcare and tourism industries in Crimea’s economic space. The findings of the research contribute to the development of theoretical and methodological provisions of state and municipal governance.

ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ СОСТОЯНИЯ ЗДОРОВЬЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И ПРИБЫЛЬНОСТИ В ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОЙ СФЕРЕ

The aim of the study is to develop theoretical provisions of the dependence of the general integrated state of health of the population on the total aggregate profit indi-cator of the food business. The subject of the study is the mechanism of the relation-ship between the state of health and profitability of the food business. A number of literary sources devoted to the gen-eralization of the state of health and economic development of the country are considered. The theoretical dependence of the integral indicator of health status on the total cumulative rate of total profit of the agro-industrial complex, the food industry and food retail is proved. The variants of changing the state of health with different parameters of its parabolic dependence on the total profitability of the food business are considered. A conditional numerical example of the dependence of the state of health in the form of a cubic parabola on the change in the total cumulative rate of profit of the food business is presented and analyzed. It is concluded that the main task of establishing and achieving health indicators (the general goal) is not only market, but also state provision with appropriate parameters of the overall total profitability of the food food business. It is proved that the growth of profitability (profitability) of food sales affects the change in the health status of the population in terms of eating disorders and metabolic disorders.

Administrative Procedures of Provision of State and Municipal Support in the Agricultural Sphere in the Conditions of the Transformation of Public Administration in Russia

Administrative Procedures of Provision of State and Municipal Support in the Agricultural Sphere in the Conditions of the Transformation of Public Administration in Russia

Principals’ and Teachers’ Awareness, Knowledge, and Differentiation of Privatization — A Secondary Publication

Based on the keynote report by Professor Martin Thrupp, this paper discusses the hollowing out of educationprovision by the state and the permeation of managerialism. It was pointed out that principals and boards of trustees in socioeconomically advantaged areas may not be willing to share their benefits with schools in less advantaged areas. The new liberal policies have hollowed out state provision of education, so the education system has come to rely heavily on private actors. This paper also presents the current stage of privatization in Japan and the principals’ and teachers’ perceptions of privatization.

Barriers and facilitators to pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake among Black/African American men who have sex with other men in Iowa: COM-B model analysis.

In Iowa, men who have sex with men (MSM) accounted for 54% of persons with HIV in 2022 and Non-Hispanic Black/African Americans were over 10 times more likely to be diagnosed with HIV than Non-Hispanic white Iowans. To address this disparity in HIV incidence and prevalence, the United States (US) government ending the HIV epidemic (EHE) initiative seeks to expand pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) coverage across the United States. Recent data showed that PrEP coverage is suboptimal in Iowa (a rural state), and Black Iowans were less likely to engage with PrEP services. Using capability, opportunity, motivation and behavior (COM-B) model for behavior change, this study sought to identify the key barriers and facilitators to PrEP uptake among Black/African American MSM in small urban areas in Iowa. This was a phenomenological study aimed to explore subjective views of Black MSM on PrEP use. In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 Black MSM aged 20-42 years in two small urban counties. Broad themes identified from the interview transcripts were analyzed inductively and mapped onto the COM-B constructs deductively. Results showed that barriers to PrEP uptake were closely associated with five (of six) COM-B subcomponents: physical capability, psychological capability, social opportunity, reflective motivation, and automatic motivation. The thematized barriers were (1) lack of medical insurance; (2) limited PrEP awareness; (3) PrEP stigma; (4) fear of distrust among partners; (5) anticipated side effects; and (6) doubt about PrEP effectiveness. Similarly, facilitators to PrEP uptake were aligned with four subcomponents of COM-B model: physical capability, psychological capability, social opportunity, and physical opportunity. The thematized facilitators were (1) increased PrEP awareness; (2) PrEP access without discrimination; (3) state provision of PrEP to uninsured; and (4) physicians buy-in and recommendation. No motivation-related facilitators were reported. To reduce the current disparity in HIV incidence and to achieve the EHE goals of expanding PrEP coverage in Iowa, efforts should be directed toward the provision of low-cost or free PrEP services, healthcare providers' training on cultural competence, and the development of culturally appropriate strategies to deliver PrEP to the Black MSM community.

Sistem Bagi Hasil Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam Di Desa Sekutur Jaya Kecamatan Serai Serumpun Kabupaten Tebo

One of the systems for cultivating oil palm plantations used by residents in Allied Jaya is the profit sharing system (musaqah). For farmers who do not have garden land, they work to manage the gardens of other farmers who have land. All costs in terms of cultivating the land are borne by the land owner. Apart from that, the custom of the people of Aller Jaya Village in carrying out cooperation in sharing plantation products is not to set a time limit, not to write down a written agreement, and there are no witnesses in its implementation. The provisions in muamalah fiqh state that every time an agreement is made, a time limit must be set and it should be written down to avoid disputes between the two parties. However, this cannot be separated from the knowledge and understanding of the people of Aller Jaya Village. The aim of this research is to find out how the oil palm plantation profit sharing system affects the welfare of the community in the village of Allyr Jaya from an Islamic economic perspective. Checking the validity of the data using Triangulation techniques and data collection methods using observation, interviews and documentation. The informants for this research are land owners and land cultivators. Based on the results of this research, it shows that the existence of this profit sharing cooperation has an impact on the welfare of the community in terms of material needs, increasing income so that daily needs are met. However, not only material needs can be met, spiritual needs can also be met. However, the oil palm plantation profit sharing system in Allyr Jaya Village is not fully in accordance with Islamic economics in the musaqah agreement.

Improving access to family planning for women with disabilities in Kaduna city, Nigeria: study protocol for a pragmatic cluster-randomized controlled trial with integrated process evaluation

BackgroundGlobally, women with disabilities are less likely to have access to family planning services compared to their peers without disabilities. However, evidence of effective interventions for promoting their sexual and reproductive health and rights remains limited, particularly in low- and middle-income settings. To help address disparities, an inclusive sexual and reproductive health project was developed to increase access to modern contraceptive methods and reduce unmet need for family planning for women of reproductive age with disabilities in Kaduna city, Nigeria. The project uses demand-side, supply-side and contextual interventions, with an adaptive management approach. This protocol presents a study to evaluate the project’s impact.MethodsA pragmatic cluster-randomized controlled trial design with surveys at baseline and endline will be used to evaluate interventions delivered for at least 1 year at health facility and community levels in comparison to ‘standard’ state provision of family planning services, in the context of state-wide and national broadcast media and advocacy. Randomization will be conducted based on the health facility catchment area, with 19 clusters in the intervention arm and 18 in the control arm. The primary outcome measure will be access to family planning. It was calculated that at least 950 women aged 18 to 49 years with disabilities (475 in each arm) will be recruited to detect a 50% increase in access compared to the control arm. For each woman with disabilities enrolled, a neighbouring woman without disabilities in the same cluster and age group will be recruited to assess whether the intervention has a specific effect amongst women with disabilities. The trial will be complemented by an integrated process evaluation. Ethical approval for the study has been given by the National Health Research Ethics Committee of Nigeria and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.DiscussionDefining access to services is complex, as it is not a single variable that can be measured directly and need for family planning is subjectively defined. Consequently, we have conceptualized ‘access to family planning’ based on a composite of beliefs about using services if needed.Trial registrationISRCTN registry ISRCTN12671153. Retrospectively registered on 17/04/2023.

Principles of public service provision: system and content.

The principles on which the public sphere is based are of great importance in terms of the legitimacy and effectiveness of government. The article examines the principles underlying public activities in the provision of state and municipal services to citizens and organizations. The purpose of the study is to define a public service, characterize the principles established by law for the provision of public services and analyze their content. The principles of providing public services are an important independent part of government activity and are directly related to the observance of the rights of citizens in relations with the state. The implementation of the principles affects the quality of relations between the state and the individual and, ultimately, trust in government. When highlighting the general and special principles of the type of activity under consideration, the article presents their relationship, interdependence and influence. The article achieved the following results: the concept of public service was formulated; the difference between a public function and a public service is defined; the content of the principles for the provision of public services established by law analyzed; principles have been proposed that can be supplemented with legislation in order to improve the provision of public services; The interaction of the principles of providing public services with the general legal principles of public activity and with each other has been identified. The article establishes measures that promote the efficiency of the provision of public services and respect for the rights of citizens: standardization and regulation of services, the introduction of multifunctional centers operating on the “one-stop” principle, and the use of electronic forms of service provision.

Продразверстка и геоэкономика Советской России

This article is a research which touches a number of subjects covering examination of “Prodrazverstka” and the early stage of the NEP impacts on the RSFSR agricultural sector recovery. It is proposed to conduct this examination from the point of view of geo-economics. The aim of this article is to put forward arguments that prove our hypothesis that the fractional restoration of the geoeconomic space of the former Russian Empire at the end of 1919-1920 contributed to the beginning of the post-war restoration of the RSFSR national economy, when such an institutional factor as the start of the NEP in 1921 was secondary in the process of the Russian recovery from the crisis. We prove that the re-integration of the country had led to the accession of product-surplus regions in order that to ground our point, which mentioned above. In connection with the purpose of the study we carry out the following most important tasks: regarding the published in the USSR materials containing the dynamics of volumes of the state provision from 1916 to 1921; updates data on the state of the Russian economy before and after the February and October revolutions of 1917 in order to decide the degree of influence of the Imperial heritage on the survival of Russians under the conditions of severe economic crisis of 1918 – 1920; the discovery of the connection between “Prodrazverstka” and the plowing’s size in Russian agriculture. Our work is based on a number of theoretical and statistical works, including statistical and analytical studies completed by contemporaries of the Russian Civil war. In particular, the materials of Oganovsky's book Essays on the economic geography of the USSR are insufficiently analyzed in post-Soviet Russian historiography, as well as a number of other works by Soviet economic historians, in particular, the voluminous work Of arutinyan A. A. and Markus B. L. “The development of the Soviet economy”, published in 1940, is mainly devoted to the 1920s – 1930s, but contains a lot of interesting materials on the Russian economy during the First world war and the Civil war. Despite the fact that the work Arutinian A. A. and Marcus B. L. written during the era of Stalinism, it is fairly objective regarding the evaluation of achievements of the Russian Empire to the beginning of the First world war and the February revolution. We also appeal to several collections of documents. Our article definitely contains a discussion with the mainstream of historical science both in Russia and abroad. In particular, our main conclusion, which follows our research hypothesis, states that the effectiveness of the NEP in bringing the country out of the crisis was exaggerated, the ground for getting out of the economic crisis was created at the end of 1919 during the Red army’s offensive along The Civil war fronts, when a number of bread-rich regions were recaptured from the Whites and the interventionists, this process was then repeated in 1920.