Provincial Directorate Research Articles

Risk Grubu Ergenlerde Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları ve Benlik Saygısı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Introduction: The basis of healthy life style behaviors and self-esteem are laid in adolescence and they become permanent factors affecting the life of the individual. Therefore, it is important to evaluate healthy lifestyle behaviors and self-esteem in adolescence. This study was conducted todetermine the level of healthy lifestyle behaviors and self-esteem and the factors affecting these levels in young people who continue adolescence, which is a critical period in human life, in the working environment. Material and Method: The study was designed as a descriptive research. The population of there searchconsists of 109 adolescents between the ages of 14-18 who study at the Vocational Apprenticeship and Training Center affiliated to the Provincial Directorate of NationalEducation in Zonguldak City Center. Introductory Information Form, in which personal data were questioned, Healthy Life Style Behaviour Scale II and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used in the study. Results: 88.5% (92) of the participants were male and 11.5% (12) were female. It was determined that there was a significant difference between maternal education level (p=.011) and physical self-liking (p=.012) and the mean score of the Healthy Life Style Behaviors Scale II. The difference between the physical self-esteem and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scalemean score was found to be significant (p=.002). Discussion: As a result of the Pearson correlation analysis of the relationship between the Healthy Life Style Behaviour Scale II and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale scores with each other and other individual characteristics, it was determined that there was a positive (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale score is calculated negative) and a moderate (p=.006) relationship between th emean scores of Healthy Life Style Behaviour Scale II and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Key words: Adolescent; healthy lifestyle; self-esteem

Analysis of Accessibility of Primary Schools in Niğde Using GIS

In this study, it is planned to make a spatial analysis of the accessibility function of a city using GIS. The main purpose of this study is to reveal the spatial accessibility of primary schools, which are among the educational institutions in the Merkez district of Niğde province. The Spatial Plans Building Regulation was used as a criterion for accessibility. The current number of students and teachers in the schools and the number of classrooms were obtained from the Niğde Provincial Directorate of National Education, and the obtained data were analyzed by transferring them to ArcGIS software. In the study, the Zoning Plan from the Niğde Municipality, the road and housing data obtained from OpenStreetMap, the location information of the schools and the number of students obtained from the Niğde Provincial Directorate of National Education, and the population data obtained from TÜİK were used. According to the results of the study, there are problems in accessibility the primary schools in some neighborhoods in the Merkez district, and this problem is increasing especially in rural areas. It should not be forgotten that accessibility is important for everyone, school and settlement plans should be made with reference to the values specified in the spatial plans regulation.

THE IMPACT OF MULTISENSORY LEARNING MODEL-ORIENTED STORYTELLING ON LISTENING SELF-EFFICACY

It is quite important for the individual to actively participate in the educational process during language teaching. It is possible to involve the students in the learning process thanks to the use of various student-centered activities and appeal to more than one sense organ. The methods, techniques, and materials to be used in the language acquisition process of the students also affect their attitudes and self-efficacy towards the language learning process and the related skills. As an important part of the children’s literature, tales have an important function in language teaching. In this study, the impact of multisensory learning model-oriented storytelling on listening self-efficacy levels was examined. Experimental design, one of the quantitative research methods, was used in the study. The study group of the research consists of 5th grade students studying at a secondary school in the city center of Samsun during the academic year of 2021 and 2022. The age group of the students involved in the research ranges from 10 to 11. In addition, both individual and parental consents were obtained for the application. The Listening Self-Efficacy Scale was used as the data collection tool of the research. In order to collect the research data, permissions were obtained first from the Samsun Provincial Directorate of National Education and then the parents of the students. Lasting for 5 weeks, storytelling activities were applied to the experimental and control groups. For the control group, taletelling application was carried out through straight narrative technique while for the experimental group, it was carried out through multisensory learning model. Quantitative data analysis methods were used to analyze the research data. As a result of the research, it was seen that the listening skills of the experimental group changed positively. In addition, in the comparisons performed depending on the variables, it was concluded that the listening skills of the students whose father's education level was primary school, whose age level was 11, and whose grades for Turkish lesson were low in the previous year improved at a higher level. According to the research findings, it has been concluded that storytelling through multisensory learning method has a positive impact on improving the self-efficacy of the students.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0540/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Öğretmenlerin Pandemi Sonrası EBA Tutumları ve Kullanım Alışkanlıkları

This research aims to examine teachers' attitudes and usage habits toward the Education Information Network (EBA) after the pandemic. The research was designed with the general scanning model. The research group consisted of 556 teachers working in educational institutions affiliated with the Provincial Directorate of National Education in the central district of Tokat province. "Educational Information Network Attitude Scale," "Questionnaire Form prepared to Determine Usage Habits," and "Personal Information Form" were used as data collection tools in the research. The data obtained in the study were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA). According to the research findings, it was found that teachers' EBA attitudes were in the middle range. The research results showed that teachers' EBA attitudes did not differ significantly according to the variables of gender, educational status, place of residence, age, years of service, and teaching level. When the EBA attitude is examined at the level of branches, a significant difference has emerged between the Religious Culture and Moral Knowledge Teachers and the Special Education Teachers. It has been found to favor the Religious Culture and Moral Knowledge Teachers. On the other hand, as the daily internet usage time of the teachers increased, it was concluded that the level of EBA attitude increased. In addition to these, the EBA usage habits of the teachers were examined, and it was determined that the frequency of EBA use could be considered below the medium level. While a significant majority of the teachers stated that they gave live lessons over EBA during the pandemic, they stated that there was a change in EBA usage habits after the pandemic.

Investigation of the Relationship Between Emotional Labor Levels and Psychological Capital of Youth and Sports Provincial Directorate Personnel

Bu çalışmada son zamanlarda üzerinde sıklıkla durulan duygusal emek ve psikolojik sermaye konusu ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, Gençlik ve Spor İl Müdürlüklerinde çalışanların duygusal emek düzeyleri ve psikolojik sermaye arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Ayrıca katılımcıların demografik değişkenleri ile psikolojik sermaye ve duygusal emek alt boyutları arasında anlamlı ilişki olup olmadığını ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmaya, kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile Gençlik ve Spor il Müdürlüklerinde görev yapan 131 erkek 77 bayan olmak üzere toplam 208 kişi katılım sağlamıştır. Veriler anket tekniği kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 26.0 programında frekans, ortalama, ANOVA, korelasyon ve regresyon analizi yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.

Investigating the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Job Satisfaction: An Application on Trainers

Aim: This study aims to examine the relation between trainers’ job satisfaction serving in Youth and Sports Provincial and County Directorates and transformational leadership behaviors they perceive of their managers.Material and Method: In the study, quantitative method, correlational survey model was used, participants were determined by the convenience sampling method and a questionnaire was applied to 381 trainers. In data analyses; percentage (%), frequency (f), normality of data and Pearson correlation were applied. Significance level as p<0,05 and confidence interval were accepted as 95%.Results: The relationship between all dimensions of transformational leadership and job satisfaction was observed. Job satisfaction levels were also increased with rising perceptions of employees regarding transformational leadership. (r= 0,569; p<0,001). Positive relationship between the transformational leadership dimensions and the intrinsic dimension of job satisfaction from (r=0,412) to (r=0,447), and between the extrinsic dimension from (r=0,446) to (r=0,554) were found. Among values, the first highest value was between the dimension of individual attention relation and extrinsic job satisfaction (r=0,554), the second highest value was the between the dimension of individualized consideration and extrinsic job satisfaction (r= 0,523).Conclusion: Trainers' point of view on transformational leadership has shown that the relationship between extrinsic job satisfaction and transformational leadership dimensions is usually stronger than intrinsic job satisfaction. In terms of the job satisfaction of trainers, leadership is not the determining factor alone when it comes to job-related environmental factors. In this study, it has been determined that transformational leadership is related to job satisfaction and when there is an expansion in the perception levels of trainers as to transformational leadership, their job satisfaction levels have also expanded.

Utilization, accessibility, and availability of circulars at the office of the Provincial Directorate of Health Services, Western Province

Information-seeking behavior and information utilization are two vital concepts that can be assessed to measure the usage of circulars and guidelines in organizations. Information accessibility and availability are two main components of information utilization. This descriptive cross-sectional study assesses the utilization, accessibility, and availability of circulars among senior and middle-level managers of the PDHS office in Western Province. Senior and middle-level managers constituted the study population. Quantitative method was utilized in achieving the objectives. Respondents were assessed through pre-validated questionnaires on the variables of information utilization and case scenario-based model. Accordingly, it was identified that the awareness and capability of information utilization in their daily routines were high among senior and middle-level managers (over 3). The overall performance in the case scenarios was very low (average of 22). Although the most preferred mode of keeping information was the circular file, the majority were in the belief that an alternative method to improve availability and accessibility is useful in improving information utilization in decision-making.

Analysis of masters degree attaining teachers’ opinions on developing 21st-century life skills of students

There will inevitably be development, change, differentiation, progress, innovations and modernizations in the rapidly passing human life. To be able to keep up with these rapid life changes depends on some basic skills that the individual should have. The World Health Organization has determined these 21st-century basic life skills that everyone should have for a quality life as decision-making, problem-solving, creative thinking, effective communication skills, interpersonal relations, critical thinking, self-awareness, empathy, coping with emotions and coping with stress. In order to guarantee their future, societies should provide their new generations, especially their students, with these life skills in schools. This research aims to determine the knowledge levels of teachers about 21st-century life skills and to determine their opinions on developing 21st-century life skills in their students. The case study design, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. The study group of the research consists of 8 teachers, 2 male and 6 female, who are graduate students in Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Department of Educational Sciences and also work in public schools affiliated with Hatay Provincial Directorate of National Education. A semi-structured interview form developed by the researcher was used as a data collection tool in the research. Research data were collected through face-to-face interviews with teachers. In the research, it was concluded that the teachers experienced the most problems in transferring their life skills due to the lack of time, the intensity of the curriculum, and the arrangement of appropriate materials and classroom environment.

How To Identify The Quality Figs?

Fig production is carried out in a very limited number of countries in the world, and accordingly, the number of countries producing dried figs is quite low. In this study, a small scale tunnel type greenhouse model dryer was designed and manufactured. In this study, the process of drying figs with hot air was carried out by using a combination of uninsulated greenhouse and collector system. Sarılop fig variety was chosen as the food to be dried. The experiments were carried out in Aydın in August 2021. Drying parameters were determined for figs. In addition, the figs offered to the market throughout the province were examined, the practices that should be done to prevent drying damage in figs were determined, and the answer to the question of how to understand quality figs was sought. In the preparation of the study, the studies of the provincial directorate of agriculture, TÜİK reports, visual and printed documents were also examined.

Willingness of Syrians Who Are Learning Turkish as Second/Foreign Language in Terms of Communicating in Arabic and Turkish

Affective variables in the second/foreign language learning process affect success and proficiency in the target language. Being willing, one of these variables, draws attention as a factor affecting both academic and social success. The importance given to “communication” by the reference frames, programs and guidelines offered for language learning necessitates turning it into a skill. Skill can be developed to the extent of willingness. In this context, determining whether or not Turkish learners as a second/foreign language are willing to communicate or at what level they are willing will eliminate the problems by revealing the deficiencies and obstacles in communication skills. Moreover, it is of vital importance for the revision and reorganization of the language teaching process and practices. The aim of the study is to determine the level of willingness to communicate in Arabic and Turkish among Syrians learning Turkish in Turkey. A quantitative descriptive approach was adopted in the research. Among the non-random sampling methods, convenience sampling was preferred. The data were collected from 102 Syrian students, 35 females and 67 males, who were studying at university and registered with the Aydın Governorship Provincial Directorate of Migration Management. The Willingness to Communicate Inside and Outside the Classroom Scales developed in six-point Likert type, adapted by Al-Murtadha (2020) from McCroskey and Baer (1985) and Cao and Philp (2006), were used. Parametric methods were used in statistical analysis. The dependent groups t-test method was used to compare two different scale scores in a single group, and the independent groups t-test method was used to compare a single score in two different groups. As a result of the analysis; it has been determined that students’ willingness to communicate is especially high in their mother tongue, Arabic. It was determined that there was a significant difference in favor of Arabic inside and outside the classroom. There was no statistically significant difference between men and women for Turkish and Arabic.

Evaluation of school administrators' views on playgrounds and sports areas in the schools they work

One of the best learning tools for children is games. Playgrounds and playgrounds are areas where children complete their physical, mental and social development. It is important for the health, welfare and order of the society that children complete their development in a healthy way. This makes the design of children's playgrounds much more important. Play is the basic building block that supports the development of children, who are the building blocks of society, from birth to adolescence in many ways. The aim of this study is to evaluate the opinions of school administrators about the playgrounds and sports fields in their schools. In the study group of the research, face-to-face interview technique was used with 15 school administrators working in Gaziantep Provincial Directorate of National Education and on a voluntary basis. In the research, using the interview method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, the data obtained were analyzed by the content analysis method. As a result of the research, school administrators stated that the playgrounds and sports areas of the schools they work in are insufficient. At the same time, they stated that there should be sports halls in schools and that the adequacy of the areas should be at a high level in terms of children's development. School administrators participating in the research stated that playgrounds and sports fields contribute to the educational development of students. It has been seen that there should be educational areas, playgrounds and sports areas should be wide and safe. In addition, regarding the playground and sports fields of the research group; It has been concluded that game and sports halls should be built, game and sports areas should be more standard, multi-purpose, regular floors and suitable for student level.

Quality of family planning counseling: An evaluation in the context of premarital counseling services carried out within a provincial health directorate in Turkey.

Good quality family planning (FP) counseling meets the reproductive health needs of individuals and couples by supporting autonomous decision making. Survey-based assessments cannot catch nuances of FP counseling. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of FP counseling offered to couples in Turkiye (Kocaeli)- which is a primary example of a developing country. This study was conducted with health workers providing at least six months pre-marriage counseling services in five institutions. Data were obtained by information form, individual face-to-face interviews, and observation. Most of the 17 participants kindly welcomed, made simple explanations without making medical terms by making face-to-face and eye contact during the counseling. While some participants were able to provide information about contraception methods, other participants were not able to explain by showing an example of each method. This study's findings demonstrated that the quality of FP counseling in Turkiye is still sub-optimal. The time allocated to FP counseling was short and there was no given information about all methods of contraception. To increase the quality of FP counseling services offered by health providers, the existing FP guidelines and training packages must be reviewed.

Balıkçı Barınakları Yönetiminin Türkiye Balıkçılık Sektörü Finansal Performansına Etkileri; Hatay İli Balıkçı Barınakları Örneği

In this study, a comparative economic analysis was made on how financial performance can be measured and analyzed in four fishing port (Çevlik, Konacık, İskenderun and Dörtyol) in Hatay, Turkey. In order to measure the financial performance, the data were obtained from the database of the Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry and the Property Directorate, through one-to-one interviews with the operators of the fishing ports in 2017. At the end of the study, it has been determined that there are differences between the legal regulations and regulations related to the practical activities of the fishing port enterprises. In these differences, it can be clearly said that the operation of the fishing ports by the fishery cooperatives in the region does not provide the expected benefit from the fishing ports. The results showed that Dörtyol fishing port was to be the best fishing port in terms of financial performance, location and diversity of boats using the port.

Ortaokul Yöneticilerinin Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Dersine İlişkin Tutumları

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ortaokul yöneticilerinin beden eğitimi ve spor dersine ilişkin tutumlarının incelenmesidir. Araştırmamızın örneklemini basit tesadüfi örneklem yöntemi ile belirlenen Rize İli merkez ve ilçelerindeki 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yılında Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğüne bağlı devlet ortaokullarında görev yapan 64 okul müdürü, 52 müdür yardımcısı olmak üzere toplam 116 okul yöneticisi oluşturmaktadır. Okul yöneticilerine 9 maddelik “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve Tutal (2014) tarafından geliştirilen “Okul Yöneticileri İçin Beden Eğitimi Dersi Tutum Ölçeği” uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde lisanlı SPSS 26.0 istatistik paket programı kullanılmıştır. Demografik değişkenler için Kolmogorov Smirnov ve Shapiro-Wilk testleri sonucunda verilerin normal dağılım göstermediği tespit edilmiş; ikili karşılaştırmalar için Mann-Whitney-U testi, üç ve üzeri grup karşılaştırmalarda ise Kruskal Wallis-H testi uygulanmıştır. Kruskal Wallis-H testinde anlamlı farklılıklar ortaya çıkması durumunda Mann-Whitney-U testi ile ikili karşılaştırmalar yapılarak farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Ortaokul yöneticilerinin en son mezun olunan okul, medeni durum ve lisanslı spor yapma durumu değişkenlerine göre beden eğitimi ve spor dersine ilişkin tutumları arasında anlamlı farklılığa rastlanırken; cinsiyet, yaş, meslekteki çalışma süresi, yöneticilik yapılan toplam süre, görev tanımı ve okulun bulunduğu yer değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılık bulunamamıştır. Sonuç olarak, ortaokul yöneticilerinin beden eğitimi ve spor dersine ilişkin tutum düzeylerinin demografik özellikler açısından değişkenlikler gösterdiği, en son mezun olunan okul, medeni durum ve lisanslı spor yapma durumlarının beden eğitimi ve spor dersine ilişkin tutum düzeylerini pozitif yönde etkilediği, ayrıca ortaokul yöneticilerinin beden eğitimi ve spor dersine ilişkin genel tutumlarının olumlu olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

The impact of creative movement program on the creativity of 5-6-year-olds

The present study attempted to explore the impact of a “Creative Movement Program” on 5-6-year-old children's creative thinking skills and creativity in movement. The sample consisted of 40 children selected among those attending a preschool affiliated with the Adiyaman Provincial Directorate of National Education in the 2019-2020 academic year. After dividing the sample into experimental and control groups, we implemented the program for the experimental group for 11 weeks. The control group, on the other hand, followed their regular program in the school. We collected the data using a demographic information form, the “Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT),” and the “Thinking Creatively in Action and Movement Test (TCAMT).” The findings revealed significant differences between the groups by their posttest TTCT and TCAMT scores in favor of the experimental group. We also documented the effectiveness of the program. Overall, we concluded the program to be highly effective in improving 5-6-year-old children's creative thinking skills and creativity in movement.

Pandemi Sürecinde İş Kazaları

Purpose of the study; The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the pandemic process on occupational accidents that health personnel working in a state hospital are exposed to. During the pandemic process, 70 occupational accidents reported to the Provincial Directorate of Social Security regarding occupational accidents experienced by healthcare workers in a state hospital were examined retrospectively. In our study; It was determined that health personnel were exposed to cutting and knife injuries at a rate of 80%, contact with blood and body fluids at a rate of 2.85%, and musculoskeletal injuries at a rate of 14.28% during the pandemic process. It was determined that 24.28% of the health personnel who reported due to occupational accident had an occupational accident in the pandemic service and 12.86% in the vaccination polyclinics. It was determined that health workers were exposed to work accidents at a higher rate due to the increased workload and psychosocial risks with the pandemic process. In order to prevent occupational accidents and injuries, it is necessary to record which situations cause injury, to determine and plan preventive interventions.

Examination of physical education and sport teachers' expectations and motivations from the teaching profession

Teachers are undoubtedly one of the indispensable elements of education and training. Considering today's conditions, teachers make a significant contribution to education. The effectiveness and efficiency of the education-teaching process are possible by providing quality education. Obtaining the necessary efficiency from the education-teaching process is only directly related to the satisfaction of the teachers in their profession and their motivation to teach. This study intends to analyze the expectations and motivation of physical education and sports teachers in the teaching profession. In the research study group, an interview has been utilized with thirty PE and sports instructors performing in schools affiliated with the Iğdır Provincial Directorate of National Education voluntarily. In this current study, with the use of the interview approach, the data acquired have been scrutinized with the aid of the content analysis measure. The results demonstrate that the teaching occupation is respected and sacred, a occupation that must be regarded and guides the society. In addition, the research group expects it is necessary to popularize the culture of physical education and sports in society, raise individuals who love sports, and eliminate the prejudice against physical education and sports lessons.

Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Okul Tükenmişlik Düzeyi ile Anne-Baba Tutumu Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Amaç: Bu çalışma, ortaokul öğrencilerinin okul tükenmişlik düzeyi ile anne baba tutumu arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amacıyla planlanan metadolojik bir çalışmadır.
 Yöntem: Araştırma; İstanbul İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü bünyesinde yer alan Sultangazi İlçesi’nde bulunan 21 temel eğitim kurumunda gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmanın evrenini; Sultangazi İlçe Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı 21 Resmi Okulda okuyan 26.849 ortaokul öğrencisi, örneklemini ise araştırmaya katılmaya
 gönüllü 1047 ortaokul öğrencisi oluşturdu. Araştırmanın verileri “Tanıtıcı Bilgiler Formu”, ‘’İlköğretim II. Kademe Öğrencileri İçin Okul Tükenmişliği Ölçeği” ve “Anne-Baba Tutumu Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplandı.
 Bulgular: Bu araştırmada okul tükenmişliği ölçeğinin güvenirliği Cronbach’s Alpha= 0,912 olarak, anne baba tutumu ölçeğinin güvenirliği Cronbach’s Alpha= 0,844 bulundu. Örneklem grubundaki öğrencilerin “okul tükenmişliği toplam” puan ortalaması 56,318±15,201 bulundu. Öğrencilerin Anne Baba Tutumu Ölçeği “Kabul İlgi” Alt Boyut puan ortalaması 28,189±4,940, “Özerklik” alt boyut puan ortalamasının 22,543±5,181, “Denetleme” alt boyut puan ortalaması 22,331±4,386 saptandı.
 Sonuçlar ve Öneriler: Anne ve babaların çocuklarına yönelik kabul-ilgi ve özerklik gibi demokratik tutumlar sergilemelerinin okul tükenmişliğini azaltmada büyük role sahip olduğu belirlendi. Bu sonuçlar ışığında; Anne ve babaların denetleyici tutumu çocuklarına karşı yerine göre sergilemeleri ve öğrencilerin ders başarılarının artması için anne babaların kabul-ilgi ve özerklik tutumlarını daha çok kullanmaları
 önerilmektedir.

Results from a cervical cancer screening program in Samsun, Turkey

BackgroundCervical cancer is a preventable disease. This study aimed to share the results of the national cervical cancer screening program performed in primary health care institutions in Samsun between 2015 and 2019.MethodsWomen aged 30–65 years who were screened for cervical cancer in screening centers of Samsun between January 01, 2015, and December 31, 2019, were included in this descriptive study. The data were obtained from the automation program of the “National Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Laboratory Application” used by the Provincial Directorate of Health Cancer Unit through filtering the completion time of the tests, and all results were evaluated without sampling. Thus, data were presented using descriptive statistics.ResultsThe mean age of 89,302 women included in the cervical cancer screening program was 45.9 ± 9.0 years. Of the samples obtained from the participants, 1.0% were determined as insufficient material, 94.1% as HPV-negative, and 4.9% as HPV-positive. The most common HPV genotypes were 16, 51, 31, and 52. Of the 4337 HPV-positive women, 74.7% of the pap smear results were negative (including infection, 36.5%), and the most common premalignant lesions were atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance in 7.1% and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in 6.9%. HPV 16/18 was also observed in 31.7% of HPV-positive women. Seven hundred ninety-five women were referred to a specialist physician for further examination and treatment within the scope of the screening algorithm.ConclusionDetecting HPV-positivity by reaching more women within the national cervical cancer screening program’s scope is vital in fighting against this disease. The effectiveness of cancer screening programs should be increased by ensuring community participation through awareness activities.

Denizli ve Gerze Yerli Tavuk Irklarında TVB Lokusundaki Polimorfizmlerin Araştırılması

Avian leukosis virusleri (ALV), tavuklarda tümör oluşturan retrovirüslerdir ve bu virüslere karşı henüz bir aşı gelişti-rilememiştir. Tümor viral B (TVB) lokusu ALV üç alt grubunun viral girişine ortam sağlayan, engelleyen veya aracı olan gruplara özgü yüzey reseptörlerini kodlar. Bu lokusun 172. ve 184. bazlarında iki adet tek nükleotit polimorfizmleri TVB*S1, TVB*S3 ve TVB*R allellerinin ayırt edilmesine imkân sağlar. TVB*S1; ALVB, ALVD ve ALVE üç alt viral girişi-ni destekleyen reseptörleri kodlar. TVB*S3; ALVB ve ALVD alt gruplarının hücreye viral girişini sağlayan reseptörleri kodlar. TVB*R'nin kodladığı reseptör ise ALVB, ALVD ve ALVE alt gruplarının hücreye viral girişini engeller. Yapılan bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye yerli tavuk ırkları olan Denizli ve Gerze tavuklarında bazı ALV alttiplerine karşı dirençlilik gösteren TVB*R’ allelinin varlığı ve TVB*S' allelli ile olası mutasyonlar DNA dizi analizi yöntemi kullanılarak araştırmak-tır. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Denizli İli, Denizli Horozu Üretme İstasyonu’nda yetiştirilen, Denizli ırkına ait dört varye-teden 148 ve Gerze İlçe Müdürlüğü’ne ait kümeste yetiştirilen, Gerze tavuklarından 27 olmak üzere toplam 175 tavuğa ait kan örnekleri materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Tavuk kan örneklerinden gDNA izole edilmiştir. 175 örnek içinden iki örneğin TVB*S1/R, üç örneğin TVB*S1/S3, dört örneğin ise TVB*S1/S’ genotipte olduğu, diğerlerinin TVB*S1/S1 geno-tipinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Denizli ve Gerze popülasyonlarında tespit edilen TVB allellerinin frekansları sırasıyla TVB*S1 için 0.9730, 0.9815 ve TVB*R için 0.0034, 0.0185 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Gerze popülasyonunda TVB*S3 ve TVB*S’ allellerinin bulunmadığı, Denizli popülasyonunda bulunan TVB*S3 ve TVB*S’ allellerinin frekansları ise sırasıyla 0.0101 ve 0.0135 olarak hesaplanmıştır.