Provincial Cities Research Articles

Exploration of PrEP/PEP service delivery model in China: A pilot in eastern, central and western region.

Since 2017, China has started a pilot exploration of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)/post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) service aiming for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) control. Efforts to summarize the pilot experience and sort out the gaps in service provision must be prioritized. In June-October, 2023, three provincial capital cities with two years of PrEP/PEP pilot experience in eastern, central and western China were chosen. A structural information collective tool was developed, as a framework to identify key links and steps in reviewing service procedures for PrEP/PEP service. Two main service models have been formed, including the independent offline service model led by professional health institutions and Multi-agencies (health institution/Community Based Organizations (CBOs)/Internet platform) online and offline collaborative service model. The pilot experience conceptualizes opportunities to integrate PrEP/PEP into HIV prevention efforts and, illustrates the optimizing path to move forward to reach for a high level HIV prevention and care continuum. Systematic barriers during the process of integration need to be noted and addressed. It is urgent to establish a realistic and feasible online and offline monitoring system to achieve a balance between standardized, safe, simplified and convenient services.

The Impact of Digital Economy on Industrial Structure Upgrading under the Perspective of Political Economy

Abstract The rapid development of the new generation of digital technology and the increasing importance of the digital economy have brought new opportunities for China’s development and provided new ideas for the optimization of industrial structure as well as the improvement of industrial efficiency. In this paper, under the perspective of political economy, the evaluation index system of the comprehensive development level of the digital economy is constructed with the panel data of 30 Chinese provinces and municipalities from 2014 to 2023 as a sample, and the entropy weighting method is used to calculate the index of development. The rationalization and advanced upgrading of the industrial structure of the 30 provincial and municipal cities is studied by combining the Tel index and the added value of the tertiary/secondary industry. On this basis, the structural equation model was used to explore the role of the “digital economy” on “industrial structure upgrading”. The results of the study are as follows: the development level of China’s digital economy shows a stable growth trend from 2014 to 2023, with its average value increasing by 185.32%, and the average values of the advanced and rationalized levels of China’s industrial structure increasing and decreasing by 4.47% and 47.90%, respectively. The direct effect of the level of development on the improvement of industrial structure (i.e., Path 1) is significant, and the standardized path coefficient between the two is 0.162. The results of the study emphasize the need to comprehensively improve the level of development and to build an intermediary bridge between the digital economy and industrial structure upgrading by taking human capital, scientific and technological innovation, and consumption upgrading as important tools.

Investigating alcohol consumption in China via wastewater-based epidemiology.

Alcohol abuse and addiction is a public health issue of global concern. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a forceful and effective complementary tool for investigating chemical consumption. This study examined alcohol consumption in major cities of China via WBE and compared WBE estimates with other data sources. A simple and valid ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of two alcohol metabolites, ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) in wastewater. The optimized method was applied to 62 sewage samples collected from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in 31 provincial capital cities across China in the fourth quarter of 2020. The methodology established in this study was validated with the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) up to 0.1μg/L, good linearity in the range of 0.1-50μg/L, intra-day and inter-day precision less than 5.58% and 5.55%, respectively, and the recoveries of the extracts were higher than 97.14%. The consumption range of alcohol estimated via WBE was 6.09 ± 4.56 ethanol/person/day (EPD) in the capital cities of China. Alcohol consumption varies significantly between cities in China, with WBE estimating lower alcohol consumption than WHO and lower than foreign countries. Investing in alcohol consumption based on WBE has great potential to accurately and efficiently estimate alcohol consumption.

Study on the Role of Public Sector Human Resource Management in Educational Management Reforms

Abstract The principles and methods of human resource management have been introduced into the field of education for some time, but the analysis of the current state of research, specifically on educational management, is still insufficient. The first part of this paper analyzes the measures that are related to human resource management in education management reform in each sector and further investigates the factor analysis method in the public sector human resource management system. By constructing the factor analysis model and factor calculation method, we can provide an algorithmic basis for studying the role of public sector human resource management in education management reform. The article utilizes the factor analysis method to conduct an empirical study by using the educational resources of different schools in 11 cities of Province A as test objects. According to the study, the first principal component has seven-factor loadings that are higher than 0.72, which indicates that all seven factors have a positive impact on the allocation efficiency of higher vocational education. The second principal component has four-factor loadings greater than 0.80, suggesting that all four factors have a positive effect on the allocation efficiency output of higher vocational education. From the sample data of the school education resource allocation status of each city, it can be obtained that the school education resource allocation status of city A is the most favorable, with the highest overall score of 43,153.1, followed by city B and city D, with 25,431.9 and 12,136.4, respectively. This indicates that the education resource allocation effect of these three cities is better and belongs to the upstream level in province Z.

Innovative Research on Cultivation Mechanism and Introduction Mechanism of Top Talents in Colleges and Universities under the Background of Big Data

Abstract In the context of fierce competition for talents in colleges and universities, cultivating and introducing outstanding young talents are crucial to the construction and sustainable development of talents in colleges and universities. The article utilizes the IPO model to construct an evaluation system for the quality of cultivation of top talents and the implementation effect of talent introduction policy in colleges and universities. The study takes eight colleges and universities in the university city of Province P as examples, uses the EWM method to determine the weights of the indicators, and carries out a comprehensive evaluation through the improved TOPSIS method and the Data Envelopment Analysis Model (DEA). The results show that in talent cultivation, the weight of the result quality is 18.09% higher than the essential quality. In contrast, in implementing the talent introduction policy, the maximum difference of each weight value is only 1.24%.The effective decision-making unit of the DEA reaches the optimal value of 1.00 in the comprehensive technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. The study reveals the shortcomings of implementing talent cultivation and introduction policy in universities. It guides the universities to improve the mechanism of cultivation and introduction of top talents, to enhance the core competitiveness.

Деятельность городского самоуправления Ярославля по организации трамвайного движения в городе в конце XIX-начале XX века

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the activities of the Yaroslavl City Duma and the city council on the construction of a city tram in the late XIX-early XX century, during the most active development of the urban economy of Russian cities. Materials and methods. The research is based on the analysis of published and unpublished sources: reports of the Yaroslavl City Council and journals of the Yaroslavl City Duma, periodicals, office records and funds of the State Archive of the Yaroslavl region. Chronological, comparative-historical, historical-system methods were used in the work. Results. The opening of the Yaroslavl tram dates back to 1900, although in many provincial cities the tram already existed by that time. The contract for the construction of the Yaroslavl tram was signed with the Belgian society of French-Russian workshops. The importance of the tram for city self-government bodies is evidenced by the existence and active activity of the tram commission under the city government. The members of the commission were engaged in carrying out inspections of the condition of the cars, resolving issues on the implementation of new tram lines, modernization of old ones. Conclusion. The opening of the Yaroslavl tram in 1900 was an important event of city life. Despite the fact that the owners of the tram were Belgian entrepreneurs, the municipal authorities played a significant role in its organization and operation. From the very beginning of the appearance of the tram, the actions of the Belgian society were put under the control of the tram commission of the city council. A significant disadvantage of the Yaroslavl tram during the period under consideration in the work was that private entrepreneurs accumulated profits from its operation, and several initiatives put forward in the city Duma to buy the tram to the city treasury remained unfulfilled.

Inclusive Finance for SMEs in Pakistan: A Supply-Side Perspective

Objective: Inclusive finance aims to escalate the access and usage of financial services among SMEs and individuals as well. Therefore, it is mainly concerned with efforts towards financial inclusion, which means easy access and usage of a wide range of affordable financial products and services by everyone, provided by a variety of sound, responsible, and sustainable financial institutes. In Pakistan, SMEs face severe issues towards access to formal finance and bound to meet their financial needs by using informal finance. This study aims to highlight the supply-side factors impacting SME's access to finance in Pakistan. Methodology: This quantitative research has been conducted in the five big cities of Punjab province. By using a stratified sampling technique SMEs from three main sectors have been included in this study manufacturing, services and trading. Findings: In line with prior research study concluded that for inclusive growth and development, provision of resources, favourable policies and regulatory reforms, financial and other national institutions, international bodies support can bring significant change in the status of SMEs in Pakistan. Implications: Current study will be helpful for policy makers and financial institutions to formalize their structure and strategies to facilitate SMEs in Pakistan.

Identifying Effective Factors on Promoting Health and Hygiene Education in Secondary Schools of Sistan and Baluchistan Province: A Qualitative Study

Background: This was a qualitative study with the aim of specifying effective factors regarding the improvement of health and hygiene education in secondary schools of education and training in Zahedan city in Sistan and Baluchistan province.
 Methods: The research community included all the academic experts, principals, and healthcare providers of Sistan and Baluchistan province in the academic year 1401-1402. Purposive sampling method was conducted on the statistical population, and those who met the criteria for entering the study were selected through snowball method. The number of samples was selected based on the principle of theoretical saturation, and 20 people were selected. Data were analyzed using content analysis method and theme analysis approach.
 Results: The results of the study led to the identification of effective factors on the promotion of health and hygiene education in secondary schools, which can be considered in health education plans of schools.
 Conclusion: By identifying effective factors on the promotion of health and hygiene education in secondary schools, effective measures can be taken in maintaining and promoting healthy lifestyle in future generations.

Relationship between Vaccine Hesitancy and Psychological Distress in Elderly Population of South Punjab

Vaccines have eliminated and prevented several deadly diseases, yet they face skepticism from the public. This research aimed to find the moderating role of optimism in elderly people on the relationship between vaccine skepticism of COVID-19 booster dose and the psychological distress because of it. The purpose of this research was to find out hesitant attitude of elders towards COVID-19 booster dose, explore level of psychological distress among elderly people who were already vaccinated and find out life optimism among elderly people (age range of 45-65 years, M=55.75, SD=6.51). Correlational research design and systematic random sampling technique were used to collect data from elders (n=427, M= 264, F=161). The data was collected from different cities of Punjab province namely Muzaffargarh, Lodhran, Multan, and Bahawalpur. Vaccine skepticism, psychological distress and optimism were checked using “Oxford COVID-19 Scale of Vaccine Hesitancy, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10) and Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). Data was analysed using Correlation, t test, and ANOVA. The results found a positive relationship between psychological distress and life orientation. On the other hand, vaccine hesitancy was found to be negatively correlated with psychological distress and life orientation. The males were found high on vaccine hesitancy and psychological distress. People above age 60 years had lowest psychological distress.

Planning For The Development of Urban Tourism Destinations (A Study on The Tourism Office of Kupang City

The relatively low revenue from the tourism sector indicates that tourism management in Kupang City requires serious attention from the local government, considering the promising tourism potential of Kupang City, which can be an option to increase local revenue and boost the community's economy towards building the region for the better. This research is qualitative, and the data were obtained from primary and secondary sources collected through observation, interviews, and document review with 40 informants. The collected data were analyzed using data analysis techniques (Creswell, 2016). The research findings indicate that the planning for the development of urban tourism destinations at the Kupang City Tourism Office revealed: (a) the actors involved in the planning process include both official and unofficial actors; (b) a review of the situation and identification of issues from an economic perspective shows that the threat is the community's mindset, which is difficult to change, while the opportunity lies in the economic development involving many creative economic players in Kupang City. The weakness is the lack of budget for urban tourism development, but we have the strength of being the capital city of NTT province and a gateway to Timor Leste; (c) forecasting indicates that the current tourism condition is still limited to natural tourist destinations, while urban tourism development has not been maximized. The actors strongly support the planning for more advanced urban tourism development; (d) the establishment of goals and strategy formulation refers to the vision and mission of the Kupang City Government. In implementing tourism development strategies, the organization first conducts communication among stakeholders and the local community; (e) the approval of plans indicates that, to date, the development plan for urban tourism destinations at the Kupang City Tourism Office is still in the planning stage

Descriptive Analysis of Regional Development Indicators by Regency-City in West Nusa Tenggara Province

The success of a region's development is measured by several indicators such as HDI, regional inequality, economic growth and poverty levels. The aim of the research is to determine the success of regional development according to city districts in West Nusa Tenggara Province based on regional development indicators. The research method used is a qualitative research method based on quantitative data. The results of the research show that the HDI of districts and cities in West Nusa Tenggara province is in the medium category, namely 50-79. in districts and cities in West Nusa Tenggara Province is fluctuating and tends to increase in 2021

Can TV Politics Improve the Trust Pattern of “Intimate Central Government and Alienate Local Government”?

The hierarchical and descending trust pattern among Chinese citizens toward governments at all levels, characterized by a stronger trust in the central government and a weaker trust in local governments, often leads to the “Tacitus trap” in local government governance. As a new platform for public participation and local government supervision, can TV political programs improve the trust pattern of “intimate central government and alienate local government,” and achieve a balance of trust between the central and local governments? Using data from the Social Consciousness Survey Data of Netizens 2018, we conducted an empirical analysis of the impact of TV political programs on residents’ trust patterns toward different levels of government. The results of this study show that: first, the opening of TV political programs can significantly narrow the trust gap between the central and local governments. This primarily achieved by significantly increasing the level of trust that residents have in the provincial government. Second, influence mechanism reveals that the introduction of of TV political programs can reduce the residents’ trust gap between central and local governments mainly by bolstering government transparency, fortifying government responsiveness, and boosting residents’ political efficacy. Third, the heterogeneity analysis indicates that TV political programs can significantly improve the trust gap between central and local governments among various groups, including women, youth, democratic party members and the public, high digitalization ability, residents in the east and provincial capital cities. Fourth, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the opening of TV political programs significantly increase residents’ trust in the central government but do not significantly raise residents’ trust in local governments. This may, to some extent, reinforce the trend of “intimate central government and alienate local government” among the public .

THE TYPICAL STATE MEDALS AND REWARDS AS AN OPTION OF ENCOURAGEMENT OF ODESA CITY MAYORS IN THE CITY SELF- GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE WITHIN THE PERIOD FROM THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY TO THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY

The article considers one of the possible characteristics for encouraging the activity of historical figures in the professional field as awards and honors. Preference was given primarily to the state award system, which extended to various sectors of the population, including professional groups – elected positions of city mayors. In the second half of the 19th – at the beginning of the 20th century the municipal self-government of Odesa was headed by nine people – Semen Vorontsov, Mykola Novoselskyi, Grigory Marazli (Grigorios Maraslis), Valerian Ligin, Petro Kryzhanovskyi, Pavlo Zelenyi, Vasyl Protopopov, Mykola Moiseyev and Borys Pelikan. On the basis of the collected sources and the works of researchers, a list of the most typical state orders among the figures of city heads with a chronological reference and brief generalizations regarding the conditions of awarding was revealed. With the beginning of the creation of the post of city mayor, the duties performed did not provide for a normalized and regular financial reward, which is one of the motivating elements in the work process of a person. Awards were one of the options for encoura- gement – thanks from the government, provincial administration, national awards, distinctions, etc. According to the City Regulation of 1870, to represent the power and status of the mayor, was introduced a badge with the image of the city coat of arms on a large silver chain, with the right to the 5th category uniform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to the heads of provincial cities and cities that were equated to them. Over the years of their life and various activities, Odessa mayors could receive many awards and distinctions that affected their status and position. Among the typical national awards, the following three orders were identified: St. Volodymyr (2nd and 3rd degrees), St. Anna (1st, 2nd and 3rd degrees) and St. Stanislav (1st degree). During the years of activity in the post of mayor, only five people received orders – M. Novoselskyi, G. Marazli, V. Ligin, M. Moiseyev and B. Pelikan. P. Zelenyi worked for a long time in self-governing institutions at the zemstvo level. P. Kryzhanovskyi and V. Protopopov are known for their professional judicial career, which contributed to receiving orders. The first mayor of the post-reform period, S. Vorontsov, was a military man, and he won his main awards on the battlefield.

Study on the perception and attitude of fruit consumption in households in the City Province of Kinshasa, DR Congo

Study on the perception and attitude of fruit consumption in households in the City Province of Kinshasa, DR Congo

Feasibility Study of Telemedicine Implementation in Tourist Cities of Kerman Province

Introduction: The present study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of telemedicine implementation in two cities in Kerman province with tourist attractions. Method: This descriptive cross -sectional study was conducted in 2021. Research data were collected using the standard questionnaire "Telemedicine Assessment Tool," designed by the Institute for Medicare (United States). Using the G -power software, the sample size of 68 people was determined. The researchers collected the required data in person at the hospitals under study. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical methods through SPSS version 26. Results: According to demographic characteristics, the majority of people were women (78.7%), aged less than 30 years old (37.3%), with less than five years of work experience (40.0%), bachelor’s degree (88.0%), and clinical (57.3%). Regarding P -value, there is a significant difference between telemedicine services in terms of importance. Therefore, telemedicine services, consultation with specialists outside the hospital, patient referrals, and remote drug prescribing had respectively the highest priority. In contrast, changing the processes and structure of the hospital had the lowest priority. The lack of technical staff and the problems of initial costs were the main obstacles to the use of telemedicine, and the attitude of employees and competition were the least essential obstacles . Conclusion: Due to the tourism situation of the studied cities, hospitals must try to establish telemedicine. In this regard, investment to solve the problems of initial costs and technical staff has priority.

The impact of E-government on air quality: new evidence from China

Air pollution has become an increasing concern in China. At the same time China has undergone a rapid shift from traditional government to E-government. Our study contributes to the existing literature by exploring the relationship between E-government and air pollution. This study investigates the impact of E-government on PM2.5 in 226 cities between 2012 and 2016. The results show that E-government has a significantly positive effect on air quality, the PM2.5 concentration will decrease by 6.71 percent with one percent increase in the E-government score. Furthermore, we find the impacts of E-government on air quality vary across cities. E-government has stronger effects of air quality improvements on more market-oriented cities and non-capital provincial cities, which illustrates although the government plays a leading role in the construction of E-government, its impact on the environment depends more on market dynamics. We also tested there exist three channels through which E-government affects air quality, namely, promoting innovation, improving total factor productivity, and optimizing industrial structure. This study provides important references for the green transformation in the context of E-government.

Znaczenie telewizji w lokalnym komunikowaniu politycznym na przykładzie poznańskich mediów lokalnych i sublokalnych

The role of television in Local Political Communication on the Example of Poznan Local and Sub-local Media In the article, the authors, based on audience and readership surveys of Poznan media, in particular those conducted by the CATI method in April 2022 by the Institute for Market and Social Research IBRiS, analyse the possibility of using traditional media, especially local television, in the next local government election campaign in 2024, in provincial cities. The example of Poznań is treated as a case study. The authors attempt to grapple with the increasingly popular hypothesis that, especially in metropolitan areas, new media, mainly social media, are becoming the most important channel of electoral communication. In their analysis, they try to show that despite the dynamic growth in the importance of online news portals, local groups, individual fan sites of politicians and social activists, the growing opinions about the “death” of television are exaggerated (if anything, one can talk about the disappearance of the importance of the printed press), and the choice of media depends on the target group, with traditional media, especially local televisions, continuously serving as an important channel for reaching a part of the electorate.

Road dust exposure and human corneal damage in a plateau high geological background provincial capital city: Spatial distribution, sources, bioaccessibility, and cytotoxicity of dust heavy metals

Ocular surface diseases are common in the plateau city, Kunming China, the continued daily exposure to heavy metals in dust may be an important inducement. In this study, the 150 road dust samples from five functional areas in Kunming were collected. The concentrations, distribution, possible sources, and bioaccessibility of heavy metals were analyzed. The adverse effects of dust extracts on human corneal epithelial cells and the underlying mechanisms were also assessed. The concentrations (mg·kg−1) of As (19.1), Cd (2.67), Cr (90.5), Cu (123), Pb (78.4), and Zn (389) in road dust were higher than the soil background, with commercial and residential areas showing the highest pollution. Their bioaccessibility in artificial tears was As (6.59 %) > Cu (5.11 %) > Ni (1.47 %) > Cr (1.17 %) > Mn (0.84 %) > Cd (0.76 %) > Zn (0.50 %) > Pb (0.31 %). The two main sources of heavy metals included tire and mechanical abrasion (24.5 %) and traffic exhaust (21.6 %). All dust extracts induced cytotoxicity, evidenced by stronger inhibition of cell viability, higher production of ROS, and altered mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes and cell cycle-related genes, with commercial- areas-2 (CA2)-dust extract showing the greatest oxidative damage and cell cycle arrest. Our data may provide new evidence that dust exposure in high geological background cities could trigger human cornea damage.

PEMENUHAN INVESTASI DAERAH DAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI

This research aims to analyze the influence of investment in an area with a level of education on economic growth in the vulnerable city of Bandar Lampung from 2019 to 2023. According to data collected at BPS Lampung Province 2023, the economic growth of the city of Bandar Lampung from 2019 to 2023 is moving fluctuatingly, which in this case is influenced by several factors, including investment in the workforce and the level of education in the city of Bandar Lampung. The data used in this research uses vulnerable secondary data from 2019 to 2023 using documentation methods obtained from the BPS of Bandar Lampung City province. By using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of research referring to investment fulfillment based on linear regression test results show results on investment variables (0.023<0.05) along with education level (0.001<0.05) which have a positive effect on the economic growth of the city of Bandar Lampung. And based on the simultaneous level of Bandar Lampung City at 99.8%, which refers to the welfare index that comes from fulfilling investment and education levels in Bandar Lampung City.

Pedological Stratigraphy and the Effect of Groundwater Level on the Variation of Pedological Characteristics in Soils of some Agricultural Districts Surrounding Fallujah of Anbar Governorate

This study was conducted in some provinces surrounding the Fallujah city of Anbar province, used soil texture to reveal the state of Pedostratigraphy between the soil pedons and the districts in all four directions. The study aims to demonstrate the effect of the Minder River and distance from the central and old branches of the river on the sedimentation processes and the uniformity of the soil separate, as well as revealing the reality and effect of the fluctuation of the groundwater level and its impact from the geotechnical in the future on these lands. The results showed the success of the soil texture class in establishing the state of stratigraphic correlation between the soil horizons of the provinces and study in all directions. The result shows the state of uniformity and non- uniformity between the soil separate from their horizontal and vertical distribution, in addition to the presence of significant differences between the provinces in terms of their particular distribution. The results also showed the effect of the depth of groundwater on the adequate soil depth, which was not affected by agriculture in all the study area