Provincial Cities Research Articles

Dynamic map‐making technology and the application in geographic information science

AbstractThe dynamic map is applied instead of traditional static maps in the teaching of geographic information science (GIS)‐related majors so as to meet the need for teaching animations and teaching interaction in new teaching methods such as mobile personalized learning, massive open online course, and Flipped Classroom. The research introduces the concept and the making tools of dynamic maps, studies the making principles and key technologies of dynamic maps, and constructs the relevant theories such as the “frame” model based on time granularity, the dynamic interpolation algorithm based on spatial characteristics, dynamic symbolic logic model, and algorithm. Based on the above principles and theories, taking a dynamic map of the change in the population of each city in Shandong province as an example, the research demonstrates the making method and process of the dynamic maps for teaching with Flash MX. At last, it analyzes the role of dynamic map in GIS‐related courses teaching and evaluates the teaching effect of dynamic maps.

The impact of smart city construction (SCC) on pollution emissions (PE): evidence from China

Based on panel data from 210 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2021, this study employs the Time-Varying Differences-in-Differences (Time-Varying DID) approach to systematically examine the impact of smart city construction on pollution emissions and its underlying mechanisms. Additionally, the Propensity Score Matching–Differences-in-Differences method is employed for further validation. The research findings indicate that Smart City Construction (SCC) significantly reduces urban Volume of Sewage Discharge (VSD), sulfur dioxide emissions (SO2), and Emissions of Fumes and Dust (EFD), thereby mitigating pollution emissions (PE) and enhancing environmental quality. Mechanism analysis reveals that SCC achieves these effects through scale effects, structural effects, and technological effects. City heterogeneity analysis shows that provincial capital cities exhibit a stronger suppression effect on pollution emissions compared to non-provincial capital cities. Moreover, cities with lower levels of education attainment demonstrate a stronger ability to curb pollution emissions, while larger cities exhibit a more pronounced impact on mitigating pollution emissions. The marginal contributions of this study mainly consist of three aspects: Firstly, it enriches the literature on environmental impact factors by assessing, for the first time, the influence of SCC on PE. Secondly, a comprehensive approach is employed, integrating VSD, EFD, SO2 data, and economic and pollution data at the city level. Time-Varying DID is used to evaluate the policy effects of SCC. Finally, the study analyzes the impact mechanisms of SCC policy on environmental emissions from various perspectives.

Evaluating Oral and Dental Health and the RelatedFactors regarding the Elderly in Aliabad City of Golestan Province in 2022


 
 
 Introduction: Considering the increasing growth of the elderly population, the importance of their life quality e, and the impact of oral and dental health on their quality of life, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating oral and dental health and the factors affecting it in the elderly of Aliabad city, Golestan province, in 1400.
 Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study. The research population consisted of 216 elderly of over 60 living in Aliabad city of Golestan province in 2022; they were selected through cluster random sampling method. 128 people (59/3 percent) were women and 88 people (40/ 7 percent) were men. This study was conducted from May to September 2022. To collect data, demographic information questionnaire and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) were used, whose Persian version was valid and reliable. In addition, the last dental visit, the number of times the mouth was washed, the need for dental treatment, and personal assessment of the individual's oral and dental health status were among the items that were collected and recorded in the form of dental information regarding the elderly. After completing the questionnaires, data were entered into SPSS version 20 software and the analysis was done through descriptive statistics (frequency distribution calculation and central and dispersion indices), one way ANOVA, and t-test.
 Results: In the present study, the score of oral and dental health questionnaire regarding the elderly was 49/51±8/67, which was considered satisfactory. This variable had a statistically significant relationship with the number of mouth washes (p=0/02) , personal evaluation of mouth condition (p=0/01), and the number of teeth (p<0/001). While there was no significant relationship regarding education level (p=0/26), place of residence (p=0/072), gender (p=0/56), employment status (p=0/63), income level (p=0/062), smoking (p=0/23) and the last dental visit (p=0/28),and the presence or absence of dentures (p=0/62) did not show a significant difference.
 Conclusion: Although the quality of life score related to the oral health of the elderly in Aliabad city was satisfactory, there is still roome to improve this score. Prevention strategies for chronic diseases and high blood pressure, re-emphasizing oral and dental hygiene, and improving related health behaviors should be considered as the most important future programs in this city. Integrating oral and dental health program in the country's public health program and creating a team to promote oral and dental health at primary care level are considered effective and low-cost solutions.
 
 

Estimation of the Population Size of Street- and Venue-Based Female Sex Workers and Sexually Exploited Minors in Rwanda in 2022: 3-Source Capture-Recapture.

HIV surveillance among key populations is a priority in all epidemic settings. Female sex workers (FSWs) globally as well as in Rwanda are disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic; hence, the Rwanda HIV and AIDS National Strategic Plan (2018-2024) has adopted regular surveillance of population size estimation (PSE) of FSWs every 2-3 years. We aimed at estimating, for the fourth time, the population size of street- and venue-based FSWs and sexually exploited minors aged ≥15 years in Rwanda. In August 2022, the 3-source capture-recapture method was used to estimate the population size of FSWs and sexually exploited minors in Rwanda. The field work took 3 weeks to complete, with each capture occasion lasting for a week. The sample size for each capture was calculated using shinyrecap with inputs drawn from previously conducted estimation exercises. In each capture round, a stratified multistage sampling process was used, with administrative provinces as strata and FSW hotspots as the primary sampling unit. Different unique objects were distributed to FSWs in each capture round; acceptance of the unique object was marked as successful capture. Sampled FSWs for the subsequent capture occasions were asked if they had received the previously distributed unique object in order to determine recaptures. Statistical analysis was performed in R (version 4.0.5), and Bayesian Model Averaging was performed to produce the final PSE with a 95% credibility set (CS). We sampled 1766, 1848, and 1865 FSWs and sexually exploited minors in each capture round. There were 169 recaptures strictly between captures 1 and 2, 210 recaptures exclusively between captures 2 and 3, and 65 recaptures between captures 1 and 3 only. In all 3 captures, 61 FSWs were captured. The median PSE of street- and venue-based FSWs and sexually exploited minors in Rwanda was 37,647 (95% CS 31,873-43,354), corresponding to 1.1% (95% CI 0.9%-1.3%) of the total adult females in the general population. Relative to the adult females in the general population, the western and northern provinces ranked first and second with a higher concentration of FSWs, respectively. The cities of Kigali and eastern province ranked third and fourth, respectively. The southern province was identified as having a low concentration of FSWs. We provide, for the first time, both the national and provincial level population size estimate of street- and venue-based FSWs in Rwanda. Compared with the previous 2 rounds of FSW PSEs at the national level, we observed differences in the street- and venue-based FSW population size in Rwanda. Our study might not have considered FSWs who do not want anyone to know they are FSWs due to several reasons, leading to a possible underestimation of the true PSE.

Evaluation of the Practices of Anesthesiologists in the city of Kinshasa on the Management of Post-Operative Pain

Introduction: The management of Postoperative Pain represents a public health problem. Throughout the world, this subject is the subject of numerous studies which emphasize the need to treat pain and evaluate practices. However, despite the progress made in the understanding of pain mechanisms, analgesic techniques, and the multiple recommendations made by learned societies in many countries, Post-Operative Pain is insufficiently addressed. The objective of our work was to evaluate the practices of anesthesiologists in the field of postoperative pain management in two health institutions in the city province of Kinshasa which are the Saint Joseph Hospital of Limeté and the Ngaliema Clinic. Method: The population of our study consisted of 23 anesthesiologists, 14 of whom were the subject of our occasional sample. To collect the data, we used the survey method supported by the techniques of direct observation, interviews and documentary analysis. At the end of our survey, the data was processed using descriptive analysis by calculating percentages and the average. Results: Regarding socio-demographic characteristics, the majority of subjects surveyed were male at level A1 (graduate, equivalent of bacc+3) and with professional experience of 10 years or more. Concerning the management of Post-Operative Pain, 48.5% provided the actual management of Post-Operative Pain; 17.1% provided pre-anesthetic information. Overall, the management of postoperative pain was achieved at 32.8%. Conclusion: Referring to our acceptability threshold set at 80%, we can affirm that the management of Postoperative Pain is not provided satisfactorily by the anesthesiologists of the two hospital institutions selected for the study.

Daily leisure activities of provincial townspeople of Kazan and Vyatka provinces at the turn of the XIX – early XX century: balls, masquerades, dance evenings

Everyday life is a problem that requires detailed study. It is in the way people's leisure activities were organized that the prerequisites for the formation of the worldview and worldview of the people are revealed. Women's daily life at the turn of the XIX – early XX century is worthy of a separate study, because during this period there is a rethinking of the gender issue, which allowed a woman to be on an equal footing with a man in a difficult period of national history. The purpose of the research is to study the leisure everyday life of provincial townspeople at the turn of the XIX – early XX century on the example of archival materials of the Kazan and Vyatka provinces. Leisure activities are often determined by how representatives of the upper classes spend their free time. They are the ones who lay the foundations of etiquette, fashion, rules of summing up, places to visit and much more. The following methods were used in the study: analysis of historical literature in the aspect of the problem under study; comparative method, which is an analysis of various sources from the point of view of their comprehensive consideration; selective method used for a more detailed study of the issue under consideration. Scope of the results: the research material can be used for a more in-depth study of women's everyday life, the study of the evolution of the gender issue, in the process of a comprehensive study of the history of the Kazan and Vyatka provinces, as well as the history of Russia as a whole. The daily life of the townspeople of the Kazan and Vyatka provinces is an issue that has not been fully studied, a lot of archival materials were out of the field of view of researchers. The author focuses on how girls occupied themselves at the turn of the century. It is noted that balls, dance evenings and masquerades were a favorite form of leisure. During these events, an unspoken hierarchy in society was established, deals were made, etc. Women had to carefully select their toilet when attending such events, which took place in various clubs. Clubs have become the center of public life not only in the capital, but also in provincial cities.

Cost of high-level flooding as a consequence of climate change driver?: A case study of China’s flood-prone regions

The extent of flooding in China is more significant than in any other country. Our research reveals that approximately 66 % of China’s landmass is submerged by flooding, affecting about 50 % of the population. Furthermore, the financial toll of flooding now accounts for approximately 1.42 % of the annual gross domestic product (GDP), which is almost 40 times higher than the corresponding figure for the United States. We have observed that Zhengzhou city in Henan province, which faced a devastating flood in 2021, received a significant amount of rainfall, specifically a total of 552.5 mm within a 24-hour period. The floods in Henan province in 2021 caused considerable damage, including impacting nearly 15 million people, resulting in almost 400 deaths, damaging over 10,000 square kilometers of agricultural land, causing almost $19 billion in economic losses, and leading to the collapse of over 35,000 households and damage to various properties. In a similar manner, the significant flooding that occurred in southern China in 2020 impacted approximately 7.1 million individuals across eight provinces and resulted in 54 fatalities, the collapse of 6,700 houses, and incurred a direct economic loss of US$3.33 billion. We found that rainstorms have significantly increased to 10 % in the last 60 years in China. In this paper, we delved into exploring the existing published articles, reports, and government and authoritative legal texts to analyze the causes and impacts of flooding in China’s flood-prone regions and potential mitigation strategies to reduce the repercussions of distressing flood events. We believe this study will help policymakers by providing new insights while formulating policy to reduce the loss caused by high-level flooding.

The effect of music training on students’ mathematics and physics development at middle schools in China: A longitudinal study

As a descriptive-inferential study, this research aimed at revealing the relationship between music training and academic development with the Chinese middle school students' academic performance of mathematics and physics skills. The participants of this study consisted of the students from two different middle schools located at two cities in Shandong province, China. From each school 250 students were selected, and the statistics was used to analyze both the academic performance of the students and the data obtained from the scale designed by the authors. The research results show that the non-music students outperformed music students on both mathematics and physics development. In addition, music training did not contribute to the academic achievement independently but rather integrated with several factors like parents’ education and out-of-school engagement. The findings suggest the positive influence on non-musical cognitive learning, and it has potential implications for the Chinese middle school education.

Kewenangan Pembentukan Kantor Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Repbulik Indonesia (DPD RI) Di Daerah Pemilihannya

Introduction: 4 DPD-RI offices in their constituencies have only become definitive or owned by DPD RI but 30 other provinces are still using building loan facilities or leasing facilities owned by the Regional Government even though Law No. 17 of 2014 concerning MD3 article 252 describes the DPD RI office must be in the capital city province. Thus it is necessary to have procedures in establishing DPD offices in their constituencies.Purposes of the Research: This writing aims to describe the form of accountability for establishing DPD RI offices in each constituenc.Methods of the Research: The type of research used is normative, which is focused on providing explanations that explain a particular category. Approach the problem of the statute approach (statute approach) and the conceptual approach (conceptual approach). The collection of legal materials through primary legal materials is then free from secondary legal materials. Results of the Research: The procedure for establishing the RI DPD Office can be carried out through the following stages: a) Discussion of the RI DPD office; b) Discussion of Complementary Tools by PURT; c) Submission of the draft to DPD RI; d) Discussion of the development plan by Commission III of the DPR RI; e) Ratification of the DPD RI office construction plan; f) Discussion on the urgency of implementing development by PURT Complementary Tools; g) Cooperation with the Regional Government; h) Construction is underway.

Peculiarities of the “Provincial Secession” Style Development in Ukraine At the Beginning of the 20th Century and Modern Problems of Its Monuments Preservation In War Time

The article analyzes the specifics of the Secession period buildings in the regional centres of this style formation in Ukraine. Along with the four main centres (Lviv, Kyiv, Kharkiv, Odesa), there were smaller Secession centres in provincial cities. The character of the style in these centres was influenced by belonging to the Austro-Hungarian or Russian Empire. Compared to the European Secession and the Secession in the main centres, the Secession in the province felt the influence of local strata, which introduced the term “provincial secession”. However, these facilities are part of the historic environment of the former administrative centers of the provinces, medium and small towns. It was determined that the events of the Russian-Ukrainian war led to the destruction of many objects of valuable background buildings, and planned repairs and restoration of even non-destroyed objects are not carried out.

The impact of the digital economy on industrial structure upgrading in resource-based cities: Evidence from China.

The digital economy provides a new path to promote industrial structure upgrading. Using panel data from 2011 to 2020 for 85 resource-based cities in China, this paper empirically investigates the impact of the digital economy on industrial structure upgrading and the primary mechanism. The results show that the digital economy is conducive to promoting industrial structure upgrading in resource-based cities, and innovation is the primary mechanism of action. According to the different stages of resource development, we classify resource-based cities into growth, maturity, decline, and regeneration cities, and we further analyze the heterogeneous influence. In terms of influence degree, the digital economy has a more prominent role in promoting industrial structure upgrading in resource-exhausted cities. In addition, we also found that the closer to the provincial capital city, the more pronounced the promotion of the digital economy to the industrial structure upgrading.

Carbon peak prediction and emission reduction pathways of China’s low-carbon pilot cities: A case study of Wuxi city in Jiangsu province

Carbon peaking is a research hotspot in China, aiming to reduce the impact of human activities on global climate change, promote the transformation of Low-carbon economy and realize high-quality development. The article takes Wuxi City in China's Jiangsu Province as a pilot low-carbon city to study its carbon emissions characters, then introduces the KAYA model, and sets different scenarios for the influencing factors, further predicts carbon emissions peak in 2019∼2030, and finally proposes the corresponding carbon reduction pathways. Results show that the total of carbon emissions in the study area is still in the upward period of the Kuznets' inverted U-shaped curve, the main factors are population growth rate, economic growth rate, energy consumption intensity and energy structure. If the enhanced carbon reduction scenario is adopted, carbon emissions peak will occur in 2025 or 2026, and the total carbon emissions will be between 120 million tCO2 e to 130 million tCO2 e, and the per capita carbon level will be about 17.5–19.5 tCO2 e. On the future, ten emission reduction pathways for China's low-carbon cities are put forward: strengthening urban spatial planning, upgrading economic structure, developing low-carbon systems in energy, industry, housing, transportation, and agriculture, encouraging low-carbon lifestyles, reforming low-carbon boosting mechanism, and improving low-carbon governance capability.

Men who have sex with men were more depressed than their counterparts because of lower social support and higher loneliness: A comparative survey among Chinese university students

BackgroundPoor mental health is prevalent among men who have sex with men (MSM), including MSM university students (MSMUS), causing a significant burden on their health and society. The study aimed to compare the difference in levels of depressive symptoms between Chinese MSMUS and non-MSMUS and test the mediating roles of social support and loneliness in the relationship between MSM status and depressive symptoms among male university students. MethodsFrom June to October 2018, a total of 305 MSMUS and 2447 non-MSMUS from two cities in Sichuan province (China) were investigated using questionnaires. ResultsThe proportion of depression in the MSMUS and non-MSMUS groups was 54.1 % and 36.4 %, respectively. MSM status, social support, and loneliness were all significantly associated with depressive symptoms among Chinese university students. Structural equation modelling showed that the association between MSM status and depressive symptoms was partially mediated by three indirect paths, including 1) via social support (mediated proportion = 19.4 %), 2) via loneliness (mediated proportion = 19.3 %), and 3) via social support and then loneliness (mediated proportion = 16.1 %). ConclusionsDepression was prevalent among university students in China, especially MSMUS. The findings increased our understanding of the mediating roles of social support and loneliness in the link between MSM status and depressive symptoms among Chinese male university students, which have great implications for designing interventions to improve their mental health. LimitationThe cross-sectional study design limited causal inferences.

The Effect of Capital Expenditure on Regional Financial Performance With Local Original Income as an Intervening Variable in Districts and Cities in NTT Province in 2017-2021

The research aims to analyze the influence of capital expenditure for local government financial performance through local government revenue as intervening variables. The sampling technique in this study is to use the purposive sampling method. The object of this research is all districts and cities in NTT, with a sample of 22 districts and cities. The data used is a type of secondary data, which was obtained from the realization of the 2017-2021 district and city revenue and expenditure budget (APBD) in NTT. The results of this study indicate that capital expenditures have an influence on local government revenue, and local government revenue has an influence on local government financial performance. Apart from that capital expenditures have a local government financial performance, with all of them having a positive correlation. The local government revenue is able to mediate the relationship between capital expenditures on local government financial performance.

A Spatiotemporal Hierarchical Analysis Method for Urban Traffic Congestion Optimization Based on Calculation of Road Carrying Capacity in Spatial Grids

Traffic congestion is a globally widespread problem that causes significant economic losses, delays, and environmental impacts. Monitoring traffic conditions and analyzing congestion factors are the first, challenging steps in optimizing traffic congestion, one of the main causes of which is regional spatiotemporal imbalance. In this article, we propose an improved spatiotemporal hierarchical analysis method whose steps include calculating road carrying capacity based on geospatial data, extracting vehicle information from remote sensing images to reflect instantaneous traffic demand, and analyzing the spatiotemporal matching degree between roads and vehicles in theory and in practice. First, we defined and calculated the ratio of carrying capacity in a regional road network using a nine-cell-grid model composed of nested grids of different sizes. By the conservation law of flow, we determined unbalanced areas in the road network configuration using the ratio of the carrying capacity of the central cell to that of the nine grid cells. Then, we designed a spatiotemporal analysis method for traffic congestion using real-time traffic data as the dependent variables and five selected spatial indicators relative to the spatial grids as the independent variables. The proposed spatiotemporal analysis method was applied to Chengdu, a typical provincial capital city in China. The relationships among regional traffic, impact factors, and spatial heterogeneity were analyzed. The proposed method effectively integrates GIS, remote sensing, and deep learning technologies. It was further demonstrated that our method is reliable and effective and enhances the coordination of congested areas by virtue of a fast calculation speed and an efficient local balance adjustment.

Potential risk assessment of respiratory exposure to heavy metals in the air dust for the metropolitans of Khuzestan Province, Iran

<p>The present study aimed to compare the concentration of 14 metals in the air of 4 cities of Khuzestan province (Ahvaz, Dezful, Mahshahr, and Abadan) in dusty and non-dustynon-dustyy conditions, and determine risk and non-carcinogenic risk in a six-month period from 2017 to 2018 (autumn, winter, and spring). A total of 72 samples were collected in dusty and 72 samples in non-dustydusty conditions at different locations and times using a high volume sampling pump with 110 lit/s flow rate and a fiberglass filter with the pure size of 1μm for 6 hours. Additionally, the concentration of metals was measured using the Spectro Acros Model (Germany) device. Risk assessment and probable ways of entering the body of these metals were determined using USEPA indicators. The average concentration of metals (except for Ni, Mg, and Mn) was higher in dusty conditions non-dustythan in non-dustyy conditions (p < 0.05).The concentration order of heavy metals in dusty and non-dustyy condictions was Zn>Mn>Pb>Ni>Cr>Fe>Cu, and Mg >Mn>Pb>Ni>Cr>Fe, respectively, showing the origin of Zn in the polluted air caused by dust and pollution transfer from outside into cities by this phenomenon. In children and adults, every four cities of Ding (inhalation of dust particles through direct dust consumption) were the main way to attract more metals. Chromium and nickel, chromium and magnesium, and nickel and magnesium were observed among the children of Abadan, Ahvaz, and Dezful and Mahshahr, respectively. The maximum HI indicator was observed for magnesium in Abadan, copper, and magnesium in Ahvaz, chromium, zinc, nickel, and ferrous in Mahshahr in dusty and non-dusty conditions. Moreover, lead had the maximum HI indicator in Abadan and Ahvaz in the non-dustydusty condition. Based on the HI<1 standard, in dusty and clean air conditions, all of the four cities had no concerning issues of non-carcinogenic effects for children and adults.</p>

Perceptions of Clinical Adverse Event Reporting by Nurses and Midwives.

The level of safety in healthcare units is mainly characterized by the occurrence of medical adverse events. The aim of the study was to present the experiences of reporting clinical adverse events and the perceptions of nurses working in internal medicine wards, surgical wards and midwives on these issues. The cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2022 to April 2023. The study used the Author's Survey Questionnaire and sampling by assessment was applied. The study included nurses working in internal medicine wards and surgical wards as well as midwives at nine hospitals in a large provincial city in Poland, amounting to 745 participants. A one-way analysis of variance ANOVA and a post-hoc test (Fisher's NIR) were used. The significance level (p) did not exceed 0.05. Nurses working in surgical wards, internal medicine wards and midwives thought that clinical adverse events should be reported, and perceived this as an important and useful activity in ensuring patient safety. The most common adverse events reported by respondents were falls F(2.742) = 52.07; p = 0.001, bedsores F(2.742) = 19.62; p = 0.001, patient disappearances F(2.742) = 3.98; p = 0.019, and hospital-acquired infections F(2.742) = 3.88; p = 0.021. The most frequently selected factors influencing the abandonment of adverse event reporting were excessively complex paperwork, no or little harm to the patient or a fear of the negative consequences. The study suggests that an important way to overcome the barriers to nurses and midwives reporting adverse events would be to create a supportive atmosphere in which they could report errors and the reasons for them honestly and without fear, and to improve the way adverse events are reported at the personal and institutional levels.

Analysis of The Causality Between Regional Capital Expenditure and Local Own-Source Revenue in Maluku Province

<span lang="EN-US">Government initiatives to improve public services are critically necessary by taking into account the region’s entire potential. The regional government employs infrastructure development for public services by allocating funds in the form Regional Government Budget (Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (APBD)) from the regional capital expenditure budgets. The infrastructure development allows the regional government to collect levies and taxes on to boost the Local Own-Source Revenue (Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD)). This study aims to investigate the causality between regional capital expenditure and Local Own-Source Revenue in 11 regencies / cities in Maluku province for a 10-year period (2011-2020). A quantitative method using a Granger causality approach was employed. The data was collected using a purposive sampling method from the Statistics Indonesia of Maluku Province. The results show that there is a unidirectional relationship between the Local Own-Source Revenue and regional capital expenditure. However, there is no causality between the regional capital expenditure and Local Own-Source Revenue. The ability of regional government to optimize regional sources of income through the availability of economic potential reduces the regional governments’ financial dependency on the national government.</span>

Motivations for hotels to undertake pro-ecological activities – opinions of hotel guests

The cognitive objective of this paper is to assess the motives driving hotel owners and managers to implement environmentally friendly actions from the perspective of hotel guests. The empirical aim of the study materialises through investigations conducted on a sample of 1317 hotel guests in four provincial cities in Poland: Warsaw, Cracow, Wroclaw, and Opole. The study encompassed guests of six hotels classified as three-star establishments. The research methodology employed herein is a diagnostic survey using a questionnaire designed by the authors of this study. The survey was conducted between June and September 2021. In the concluding section of the paper, the analysis of the research allows for the formulation of conclusions. Among these conclusions, a notable observation is the assertion that guests have a remarkably low awareness regarding the impact of hotels on the natural environment. This finding contradicts the more optimistic assessments of such awareness that are found in various works within the field of hospitality. According to the authors, this conclusion could form the basis for educational initiatives and the initiation of mechanisms, including economic ones, aimed at elevating the knowledge level in this domain, not solely among hotel guests but also, perhaps predominantly, among hotel proprietors and managers. Nevertheless, the authors of this paper are cognizant of the exploratory nature of the conducted study, which may serve as a convenient foundation for subsequent, more in-depth investigations, particularly focusing on expanding the array of applied methodologies, significantly increasing the research sample size, and considering a broader range of respondent characteristics in the research.

Association between cancer health literacy and cancer-related behavior of residents in Shandong, China.

Health literacy is closely related to the incidence of major chronic diseases and its related behaviors such as cancer-related behaviors. This study explored how the cancer health literacy level affects cancer-related behaviors. About one to two villages from six cities of Shandong province were selected as sample areas. Professionals conducted face-to-face interviews with the participants. Finally, 1200 residents completed 1085 effective questionnaires. Data were analysed from a cross-sectional survey in 2019, which included 1085 residents in six cities/counties of Shandong province, China. The result showed that residents with high cancer health literacy were more likely to eat fruits and vegetables frequently, avoid eating moldy food and take exercise. Besides, they were more likely to engage in health education and have a higher willingness to pay for cancer screenings. Most residents in Shandong province have a basic level of cancer health literacy. Improving the cancer health literacy of the population can be an effective strategy to promote a healthier lifestyle, thereby reducing the incidence rates related to cancers.