Jujuy Province Research Articles

Primeros registros de Hysterangium inflatum (Phallomycetidae, Basidiomycota) y Descomyces varians (Agaricomycetidae, Basidiomycota) en plantaciones de Eucalyptus sp. en Jujuy, Argentina.

Estudios de diversidad de hongos en plantaciones de Eucalyptus, en la Provincia Fitogeográfica Selva de las Yungas en Jujuy, han permitido registrar la presencia de dos especies exóticas de hongos hipogeos micorrícicos: Hysterangium inflatum y Descomyces varians. Estascolecciones constituyen los primeros registros para el país y para la región de las Yungas en el Noroeste de Argentina, respectivamente. A su vez, ambas especies se registran por primera vez en la provinciade Jujuy.

New host and locality records for chiropteran ectoparasites from Jujuy and Salta provinces, Argentina

Among ectoparasites sampled from bats during diversity surveys in 2005 and 2008 in northern Argentina there were specimens of Paradyschiria parvula Falcoz, 1931 (Diptera, Streblidae) and Hesperoctenes vicinus Jordan, 1922 (Hemiptera, Polyctenidae) that represent first records for Argentina and Salta province, respectively. New ectoparasite-host associations and additional distributional records of ectoparasites were also recorded and are given for Jujuy and Salta provinces.

Morfometría geométrica y representaciones rupestres: explorando las aplicaciones de los métodos basados en landmarks

Fil: Charlin, Judith Emilce. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas; Argentina

STR Markers Unveil Microgeographic Differentiation over the Steep Mountainous Landscape of Jujuy Province, Northwest Argentina

This study explores potential signals of microdifferentiation in the gene pool of three high-altitude populations from Jujuy province in northwest Argentina using highly polymorphic markers. These human communities are characterized by extreme living conditions and very low population densities owing to considerable height above sea level and steep orography. A set of autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) located at chromosome 6 (6p21.3) was typed in samples from Quebrada Baja (~2,500 m), Quebrada Alta (~ 3,300 m), and Puna (> 3,500 m). Genetic diversity was estimated through the observed and expected heterozygosities and the haplotype diversity. Analyses of the molecular variance (AMOVAs) and population differentiation tests based on allele and haplotype frequencies were performed to assess genetic heterogeneity among subgroups. No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was detected in any subpopulation, yet signifijicant departures were detected in the analysis considering the whole area (D6S2792 and D6S105 loci). Overall, genetic diversity showed a decreasing trend as the altitude increased. Thus, allele and haplotype frequencies showed the most signifijicant differences between Puna and Quebrada Baja, the populations sited at the edges of the altitude range. The trend toward reduction of heterozygosity with altitude is compatible with historical patterns of colonization, interregional migration trends, population density, and genetic admixture. The main consequence of the complex mountainous landscape of Jujuy would be an imbalance in the interplay of gene flow and genetic drift, favoring the latter. The combined effect of restricted gene flow and intense genetic drift would have promoted local genetic differentiation between the Jujuy highland subpopulations, leading to spatial patterning of the allele frequencies not entirely attributable to geographic distance. Our fijindings corroborate the effectiveness of STRs to identify microevolutionary changes.

Palynological evidence of the geoecological belts dynamics from Eastern Cordillera of NW Argentina (23° S) during the Pre-Last Glacial Maximum

This paper presents the first palynological record for the dynamics of geoecological belts of the Eastern Cordillera in northwestern Argentina prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The study was carried out on a 5-m deep sedimentary core raised at Laguna Blanca (23°09’S, 65°12’W; 4,256 m a.s.l.), province of Jujuy. The geochronology was based on three 14C dating by AMS method. Results show the sensitive response of the geoecological belts to temperature and effective moisture variations from ca. 29,000 to ca. 25,000 cal. years BP. The High Andean belt probably suffered an altitudinal descent forced by intense cold climate conditions ca. 29,000 cal. years BP, and may have reached a comparable distribution to the present one on 26,300 cal. years BP, favored by a milder climate. The Puna belt did not suffer great changes, since it remained with low representation in the pollen spectrum. High percentages of tree species from the Yungas ca. 29,000 cal. years BP are probably a response to the intensification of anabatic winds ascending the slope of the Sub-Andean Range towards the Eastern Cordillera. These results represent an important contribution to the paleoenvironmental discussion of the Late Pleistocene for the northwestern Argentina, where the available information on vegetation history is scarce.

Numerical modeling of solar irradiance on earth's surface

Modeling studies and estimation of solar radiation in base area, touch from the problems of estimating equation of time, distance equation solar space, solar declination, calculation of surface irradiance, considering that there are a lot of studies you reported the inability of these theoretical equations to be accurate estimates of radiation, many authors have proceeded to make corrections through calibrations with Pyranometers field (solarimeters) or the use of satellites, this being very poor technique last because there a differentiation between radiation and radiant kinetic effects. Because of the above and considering that there is a weather station properly calibrated ground in the Susques Salar in the Jujuy Province, Republic of Argentina, proceeded to make the following modeling of the variable in question, it proceeded to perform the following process: 1. Theoretical Modeling, 2. graphic study of the theoretical and actual data, 3. Adjust primary calibration data through data segmentation on an hourly basis, through horizontal and adding asymptotic constant, 4. Analysis of scatter plot and contrast series. Based on the above steps, the modeling data obtained: Step One: Theoretical data were generated, Step Two: The theoretical data moved 5 hours, Step Three: an asymptote of all negative emissivity values applied, Solve Excel algorithm was applied to least squares minimization between actual and modeled values, obtaining new values of asymptotes with the corresponding theoretical reformulation of data. Add a constant value by month, over time range set (4:00 pm to 6:00 pm). Step Four: The modeling equation coefficients had monthly correlation between actual and theoretical data ranging from 0.7 to 0.9.

Composición, diversidad y estructura de comunidades de árboles en un gradiente altitudinal de selvas subtropicales de montaña (Serranías de Zapla, Jujuy, Argentina)

Los gradientes altitudinales están asociados con gradientes climáticos que promueven la diversidad de especies. Este estudio describe la composición, diversidad y estructura de comunidades de árboles a lo largo de un gradiente altitudinal en las selvas subtropicales de montaña (Yungas) en las Serranías de Zapla, Provincia de Jujuy, Argentina. Se establecieron tres parcelas de una hectárea cada una; una a 1150 m, una a 1600 m y una a 2050 metros sobre el nivel del mar. A su vez, cada parcela fue subdividida en 25 subparcelas, donde se midieron e identificaron todos los árboles ≥10 cm de diámetro a la altura del pecho. Se compararon la composición específica, número de especies, diversidad, densidad de individuos, área basal y dominancia de individuos por especie entre elevaciones. Se analizó el efecto de la distancia sobre el recambio de especies y se evaluó la relación entre abundancia de individuos por especie y frecuencia de ocurrencia de la especie. Se muestrearon 1375 individuos, pertenecientes a 46 especies. Se encontró un notable recambio en la composición de especies a lo largo del gradiente: solo tres especies estuvieron presentes en las tres elevaciones muestreadas, y la mayoría (29) se encontraron a una sola altitud. La riqueza específica y la diversidad disminuyeron con la altitud, la densidad de individuos no mostró un patrón claro, el área basal presentó un pico a los 1600 m y la dominancia fue más marcada a mayor altitud. La Selva Montana (1150 m) y el Bosque Montano (2050 m) se diferenciaron claramente en términos de composición específica. La similitud de especies se asoció negativamente con la distancia. La abundancia de individuos por especie se asoció positivamente con la frecuencia de ocurrencia de las especies. Este estudio ratifica que los árboles están ubicados en comunidades en pisos ecológicos altitudinales determinados por variables ambientales a nivel regional, y a su vez enfatiza la importancia de los factores locales en determinar la diversidad, composición y estructura de estas comunidades.

First evidence of Hadrosauropodus in Gondwana (Yacoraite Formation, Maastrichtian-Danian), northwestern Argentina

Uppermost Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) large ornithopod tracks are scarce in Gondwana. This record is limited to few citations in the northern Argentina, Peru and possibly Bolivia, although their ichnological affinities are still under discussion. Recently, a new vertebrate tracksite with large ornithopod tracks has been found in the Maimará locality, Jujuy province, Argentina, from the Yacoraite Formation (Maastrichtian-Danian). The best preserved track is characterized by having large and bilobed heel impression and wide and short digit impressions with blunt claw marks. This record represents the unambiguous record of large ornithopod tracks in Gondwana in the Uppermost Cretaceous, and its features allow classifying it as Hadrosauropodus. Previously, this ichnotaxon had exclusively Laurasian distribution. Therefore, this record is the first evidence of Hadrosauropodus from Gondwana expanding the geographic range of this ichnogenus. A member of Hadrosauridae is reinforced as possible trackmaker of the Hadrosauropodus tracks. Uppermost Cretaceous hadrosaurid dinosaurs are scarce in Gondwana, being the record limited to Patagonia, La Pampa province and Antarctica. Therefore, the Maimará tracks increase the knowledge of this kind of dinosaur from Gondwana.

Genetic diversity and conservation status of managed vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) populations in Argentina.

The vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) was indiscriminately hunted for more than 400 years and, by the end of 1960s, it was seriously endangered. At that time, a captive breeding program was initiated in Argentina by the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) with the aim of preserving the species. Nowadays, vicuñas are managed in captivity and in the wild to obtain their valuable fiber. The current genetic status of Argentinean vicuña populations is virtually unknown. Using mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite markers, we assessed levels of genetic diversity of vicuña populations managed in the wild and compared it with a captive population from INTA. Furthermore, we examined levels of genetic structure and evidence for historical bottlenecks. Overall, all populations revealed high genetic variability with no signs of inbreeding. Levels of genetic diversity between captive and wild populations were not significantly different, although the captive population showed the lowest estimates of allelic richness, number of mitochondrial haplotypes, and haplotype diversity. Significant genetic differentiation at microsatellite markers was found between free-living populations from Jujuy and Catamarca provinces. Moreover, microsatellite data also revealed genetic structure within the Catamarca management area. Genetic signatures of past bottlenecks were detected in wild populations by the Garza Williamson test. Results from this study are discussed in relation to the conservation and management of the species.

Late Quaternary lacustrine ostracods (Ostracoda, Crustacea) and charophytes (Charophyta, Charales) from the Puna Plateau, Argentina

Relatively little is known about the recent palaeontological records of the high-altitude closed basin lakes of the Central Andes, but a great need exists to remedy this knowledge gap if microfossils are to be used to infer climatic and ecological transitions from lake sediment cores. Here, eight species of non-marine ostracods and two calcareous algae are recorded from modern sediments and late Quaternary strata from Laguna de los Pozuelos, Jujuy Province, northwestern Argentina. Four species, Limnocythere alexanderi, Limnocythere foresteri, Limnocythere lysandrosi and Limnocythere ruipunctifinalis , are described as new species. Limnocythere titicaca Lerner-Seggev, 1973 has only been recorded in Lake Titicaca prior to this study and this is the first time the species is recognized outside of Bolivia. The cypridoideans Ilyocypris ramirezi Cusminsky & Whatley, 1996, Eucypris virgata Cusminsky & Whatley, 1996 and Chlamydotheca pseudobrasiliensis Martens & Behen 1994 are known species that are rare in the stratigraphic sequence in core LP06-6A. Also, the gyrogonites of two well-known species of Charophyta, Chara filiformis Hertzsch and Chara vulgaris Linnaeus, are occasionally present in the sediment from Laguna de los Pozuelos. The results provide a new vehicle for clarifying the Quaternary palaeohydrological history of the Pozuelos Basin, which is a RAMSAR wetland that is likely to be sensitive to global environmental change.

STR Markers Unveil Microgeographic Differentiation over the Steep Mountainous Landscape of Jujuy Province, Northwest Argentina.

This study explores potential signals of microdifferentiation in the gene pool of three high-altitude populations from Jujuy province in northwest Argentina using highly polymorphic markers. These human communities are characterized by extreme living conditions and very low population densities owing to considerable height above sea level and steep orography. A set of autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) located at chromosome 6 (6p21.3) was typed in samples from Quebrada Baja (∼2,500 m), Quebrada Alta (∼3,300 m), and Puna (> 3,500 m). Genetic diversity was estimated through the observed and expected heterozygosities and the haplotype diversity. Analyses of the molecular variance (AMOVAs) and population differentiation tests based on allele and haplotype frequencies were performed to assess genetic heterogeneity among subgroups. No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was detected in any subpopulation, yet significant departures were detected in the analysis considering the whole area (D6S2792 and D6S105 loci). Overall, genetic diversity showed a decreasing trend as the altitude increased. Thus, allele and haplotype frequencies showed the most significant differences between Puna and Quebrada Baja, the populations sited at the edges of the altitude range. The trend toward reduction of heterozygosity with altitude is compatible with historical patterns of colonization, interregional migration trends, population density, and genetic admixture. The main consequence of the complex mountainous landscape of Jujuy would be an imbalance in the interplay of gene flow and genetic drift, favoring the latter. The combined effect of restricted gene flow and intense genetic drift would have promoted local genetic differentiation between the Jujuy highland subpopulations, leading to spatial patterning of the allele frequencies not entirely attributable to geographic distance. Our findings corroborate the effectiveness of STRs to identify microevolutionary changes.

Contributions on the spider families Nesticidae and Pholcidae (Araneae) from Argentina

A new species of Nesticus Thorell, 1869, N. Salta sp. Nov., and a new species of Guaranita Huber, 2000, G. Dobby sp. Nov., are described from the Chaco Serrano ecoregion of Salta Province (Argentina). The female of G. Yaculica Huber, 2000 is described for the first time, and the known distribution of G. Munda (Gertsch, 1982) is enlarged to Jujuy Province, northern Argentina.

Technologie lithique des débuts de l’Holocène moyen (8500–7500 ans BP) dans la localité de Susques (Province de Jujuy, Argentine)

In this work we present the results obtained from the study of lithic technology of early mid-Holocene occupations in the south of the Puna of Jujuy Province in Argentina. We are dealing here with hunter-gatherers societies, specialized on camelids hunting. Through this study, including the analysis of three layers of a rockshelter and a surface site, we will show the techno-functional and productional diversity of operative schemes in its context. Cultural aspects are also taken into account and compared to other regions of South Central Andes. Through analyzing the operative channels and quantitative aspects, we wish to highlight the functions of use and sign. Finally, to conclude, we compare our results with the hypotheses proposed by other authors for paleoenvironmental and societal changes for this period in the region.

First records of Nausigaster flukei (Diptera, Syrphidae) from Argentina

Nausigaster flukei Curran is recorded for the first time from Argentina. New specimens were collected in Mendoza, Jujuy and La Rioja provinces (Argentina), in the Monte and Chaco Phytogeographical Provinces. New records broaden the distribution of this species previously known from Paraguay and south Brazil and represent the first record of the genus Nausigaster from Argentina since 1892.

Paisajes prehispánicos Tardíos en San Juan Mayo (frontera Argentina - Bolivia)

Fil: Nielsen, Axel Emil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina. Secretaria de Cultura de la Nacion. Direccion Nacional de Cultura y Museos. Instituto Nacional de Antropologia y Pensamiento Latinoamericano; Argentina

Registro de diatomeas de los últimos 1400 años de la Laguna Pululos, Jujuy, Argentina

This paper presents high-resolution (multi-decadal) paleoenvironmental data of the last 1400 years in the northwestern sector of the dry Puna, Jujuy Province (Argentina). This information results from the analysis of the diatom assemblies recovered from sediment core samples collected at Laguna Pululos (22º32'43'' S; 66º48'25'' W), a shallow lake located at 4557 m.a.s.l. In this work we present and discuss the main results regarding the species composition of the diatom assemblages, and the observed paleoenvironmental trends related to the main characteristics and chronology of the medieval climatic anomaly (MCA) and little ice age (LIA). The results of the study indicate the onset of very arid conditions between ~800 and 1500 AD, and a sharp change to moister conditions from the latter period until the end of the XIX century. Noteworthy, two periods could be recognized, one between 600 and 800 AD (the moistest phase of the last 1400 years), and between 1366 and 1463 AD (a particularly arid phase). These periods recorded in Laguna Pululos apparently shared characteristics with the MCA and LIA, although, showing differences with chronologies found in the North Hemisphere, with an extended span of the arid conditions during the MCA in comparison with other paleoenvironmental records of the Andes.

Popular War: Gauchos and the Challenge to Elite Power in Northern Rio de la Plata in the Revolutionary Period

Abstract The War for Independence brought about popular mobilization in northern Argentina. As the war was waged in the provinces of Salta and Jujuy, rural population enlisted in militia battalions since 1814. Militia regulations in the Rio de la Plata area called for the extension of military jurisdiction (fuero) to all soldiers as well as for compensation when mobilized for combat. Popular mobilization in Northern Rio de la Plata posed a threat to elite power as it challenged long-held hierarchies and patterns of social deference dating from colonial times. Actions such as intimidation, seizure of livestock, and land occupations were commonly taken by gauchos and regarded by them as acts of social justice. The elite regarded them as arrogant and violent acts aimed at curtailing their power and strip them from their property and power.

Fingerprint ridge density in the Argentinean population and its application to sex inference: A comparative study

Fingerprint ridge density (RD) is known to vary according to sex and population, and such variation can be used for forensic purposes. The aim of this study was to analyze the fingerprint RD of two samples of the Argentinean population in order to assess their topological, digital, bilateral, sexual, and population differences for subsequent application in the inference of sex. Data were collected from the fingerprints of 172 individuals from the Buenos Aires province and 163 from the Chubut province. RD was assessed for three different count areas for all 10 fingers of each individual. In both sexes and both samples, significant differences among areas were obtained, so that radial-RD>ulnar-RD>proximal-RD. Females presented greater RD than males in all areas and on all fingers. Regarding population differences, no significant differences were found between the Buenos Aires and Chubut samples (except for proximal RD in males). However, both samples showed RD significantly different from that of the Jujuy province. The application of Bayes’ theorem allowed for the identification of an RD threshold for discrimination of sexes in these Argentinean samples.In conclusion females consistently exhibit narrower epidermal ridges than males, which may evidence a universal pattern of sexual dimorphism in this trait that can be useful in forensics in the identification of individuals.

Análisis de parámetros morfométricos y su relación con condiciones de vulnerabilidad en la ecorregión de las Yungas, Argentina

A principios del siglo XX, el sector continental argentino (2.791.810 km2) se encontraba cubierto por, aproximadamente, 100 millones de hectáreas de bosques nativos, superficie que se redujo a 33 millones a finales del mismo; incrementándose en forma notoria la tasa anual de deforestación en los últimos 30 años. Parte de esa superficie forestal se desarrolla en las provincias de Salta y Jujuy, con alrededor de 5 millones de hectáreas que representan ecosistemas ambientalmente críticos para el mantenimiento de la biodiversidad regional. Los datos obtenidos a partir de los sensores remotos resultan un aporte significativo para la evaluación de los cambios producidos en estos ambientes. El presente trabajo se enmarca en el Proyecto denominado “Evaluación de cambios en áreas de monte nativo y su relación con situaciones de vulnerabilidad ambiental en la ecorregión de Selvas subtropicales andinas (Yungas) mediante la fusión de datos Radar – Ópticos” y tiene como principal objetivo generar insumos temáticos que serán utilizados en la elaboración de indicadores ambientales relacionados con la vulnerabilidad ambiental en esta ecorregión. La zona seleccionada corresponde al departamento Ledesma de la provincia de Jujuy, una de las dos Áreas pilotos definidas para llevar a cabo este estudio. Mediante imágenes de la Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), disponibles gratuitamente en la web, fueron definidos parámetros geomorfológicos que permitieron establecer el comportamiento de determinadas variables. Los resultados obtenidos corresponden a diferentes capas temáticas relacionadas con parámetros como: Sombreado analítico, pendiente, aspecto, zona de captación, Índice de humedad, Factor LS, limitación de subcuencas y red hídrica secundaria, los que a partir de su integración en un Sistema de Información Geográfica permitirán contribuir en la elaboración de indicadores relacionados con la vulnerabilidad ambiental en la zona bajo estudio.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Volumen 8, Número 1 Primavera, 2015; 174-189

Estructura y composición del fitoplancton de Mina Pirquitas, Jujuy, Argentina

Mining activities produce extreme environmental conditions in aquatic systems because they tend to contain unusually high concentrations of heavy metals as their solubility increases markedly while pH decreases. In the Andean region of Jujuy province at 4,200m asl, the exorheic system of Orosmayo River (Ajedrez) is affected by the extraction of silver in Mina Pirquitas. The structure and composition of phytoplankton in 5 tributaries was evaluated by sampling in Autumn and Spring for the 2011-2013 period, using standard techniques. Phytoplankton abundance was higher in the rainy season, especially in March, 2011 in all sites, with a maximum of 828ind.ml−1 in Ajedrez River. The physicochemical data revealed acidic conditions in the River Pircas (pH between 2.6 and 3.9) with high concentrations of Al3+, and Fe3+. This site showed lower density values (176ind.ml−1), diversity (2.67) and species richness (average 11). Diatoms were affected by the pH in the River Pircas, because their percentage of representation was low (18.48%), with a predominance of green algae (52%), mainly represented by phytoflagellates (Chlamydomonas, Dunaliella) and filaments (Klebsormidium, Spirogyra, Zygogonium, Ulothrix), among others.