Adequate Protein Research Articles

The concept and practical management of frailty in neurology

Frailty is a clinical situation of decreased homeostatic reserve that, after a minor trigger (acute illness, fall, taking a drug...) increases the risk of an adverse event such as hospital admission, institutionalization, functional and/or cognitive decline, death, etc. Frailty can be understood as physical frailty, Fried's phenotype, a true geriatric syndrome that can be reversible by avoiding its progression to more advanced stages of irreversibility and dependence, and Rockwood's frailty due to accumulation of deficits, as a continuum of health or classification typology of the elderly along the frailty spectrum (healthy, robust, vulnerable, mild-moderate-severe and extreme frailty or end of life). The diagnosis of physical frailty is part of the comprehensive geriatric assessment, recommending the use of a performance test such as gait speed (<0,8m/s), Timed Up and Go (>12 s) or Short Physical Performance Battery (<10). Physical frailty is reversible by a multidisciplinary management based on three fundamental pillars: multicomponent physical exercise and resistance training, adequate protein and micronutrient intake (leucine, vitamin D, etc.) and appropriate pharmacological prescription, management of comorbidity and geriatric syndromes. Frailty is a risk factor for neurological disease progression and increased risk of adverse events in neurodegenerative diseases such as mild cognitive impairment, dementia, Parkinson's disease and cerebrovascular disease. Frailty based on the Clinical Frailty Scale or VIG-Frail shows patient typologies in relation to a greater or lesser state of fragility, being a basic prognostic tool of great utility in making diagnostic and therapeutic management decisions. It opens up a new opportunity for improvement in the management of neurological disease in the diagnosis and treatment of frailty.

WG-ICRN: Protein 8-state secondary structure prediction based on Wasserstein generative adversarial networks and residual networks with Inception modules.

Protein secondary structure is the basis of studying the tertiary structure of proteins, drug design and development, and the 8-state protein secondary structure can provide more adequate protein information than the 3-state structure. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel method WG-ICRN for predicting protein 8-state secondary structures. First, we use the Wasserstein generative adversarial network (WGAN) to extract protein features in the position-specific scoring matrix (PSSM). The extracted features are combined with PSSM into a new feature set of WG-data, which contains richer feature information. Then, we use the residual network (ICRN) with Inception to further extract the features in WG-data and complete the prediction. Compared with the residual network, ICRN can reduce parameter calculations and increase the width of feature extraction to obtain more feature information. We evaluated the prediction performance of the model using six datasets. The experimental results show that the WGAN has excellent feature extraction capabilities, and ICRN can further improve network performance and improve prediction accuracy. Compared with four popular models, WG-ICRN achieves better prediction performance.

The nitrogen load is affected by high protein provision according to kidney function in critically ill patients.

Adequate protein delivery is recommended in the acute phase of critical illness with kidney dysfunction. However, the influence of the protein and nitrogen loads has not yet been clarified. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit were included. In the former period, patients received standard care (0.9 g/kg/day protein). In the latter, patients received the intervention of active nutrition therapy with high protein delivery (1.8 g/kg/day protein). Fifty patients in the standard care group and 61 in the intervention group were examined. Maximum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) on days 7-10 were 27.9 (17.3, 38.6) vs 33 (26.3, 51.8) (mg/dl) (p = 0.031). The maximum difference in BUN increased [31.3 (22.8, 55) vs 50 (37.3, 75.9) mg/dl (p = 0.047)] when patients were limited to an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <50 ml/min/1.73 m2. This difference increased further when patients were limited to eGFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m2. No significant differences were observed in maximum Cre or in the use of RRT. In conclusion, the provision of 1.8 g/kg/day protein was associated with an increase in BUN in critically ill patients with kidney dysfunction; however, it was tolerated without the need for RRT.

Саркопеническое ожирение у детей: клиническое значение, подходы к диагностике и терапии

Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a functional and clinical condition characterized by excess fat mass and low skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia). The double negative effect of obesity and sarcopenia on human health is manifested by a high risk of developing numerous chronic non-communicable diseases and low therapeutic effectiveness. It was previously believed that SO develops predominantly in older adults, however its prevalence in children has increased over the last decade. To date, there is no standard diagnostic criteria for SO. In contemporary pediatric practice, measurements of muscle mass quantity and quality are used to detect SO. In adults, physical performance is assessed in addition to muscle mass in the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Approaches to the treatment of SO in children are limited to non-pharmaceutical methods, with adequate protein intake and strength and aerobic training being the most important. This review summarizes the current understanding of the prevalence, pathogenesis, and clinical significance of SO in children, as well as the methods of its diagnosis and treatment. Key words: obesity, sarcopenia, children, adolescents, muscle mass

FORMULASI ES KRIM SARI KEDELAI DAN PISANG AMBON SEBAGAI SELINGAN UNTUK REMAJA ANEMIA

Ice cream soymilk and Ambon banana is one of the developments of food products to improve the quality of ice cream in meeting the adequacy of protein, iron and vitamin C in adolescents. Soymilk which contains the highest protein and iron content is quite high among other types of beans and Ambon banana which has high levels of vitamin.This study aims to determine the effect of the balance of soymilk and Ambon banana on organoleptic properties, protein, iron, vitamin C content, overrun, resistance. This research is an experimental study using a completely randomized design (CRD) with the balance of soymilk and Ambon banana extracts 85%: 15%, 65%: 35% and 50%: 50%. Organoleptic testing in the form of preference levels by 30 teenage panelists, protein content analysis using the Kjehldal method, iron content analysis using the spectrophotometric method, and analysis of vitamin C levels using the iodometric titration method. Data analysis using Kruskal Wallis test.The results showed that the balance of soymilk and Ambon banana had a significant effect on color and aroma (p&gt;0.05), and had no significant effect on taste, texture and overall ice cream (p&lt;0.05). The panelists most preferred ice cream was ice cream with a balance of soybean juice and Ambon banana 65%:35%. One serving of ice cream (100 ml) of soybean juice and the best Ambon banana can meet 6.1%, 16.2% and 27.4%, respectively, of the daily adequacy of protein, iron and vitamin C for adolescents. The ice cream overrun does not meet the standard so that further research is needed on ice cream formulations to increase the overrun.

Determinan Stunting pada Anak Usia 0-24 Bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Indrajaya Kabupaten Pidie Tahun 2022

Stunting or short is a condition where children experience failure to grow and develop so that children have a shorter height than the standard age. The prevalence of stunting at the Indrajaya Public Health Center was 240 cases. The purpose of this study was to find out what factors were associated with the incidence of stunting in children aged 0-24 months in the Indrajaya Public Health Center, Pidie Regency in 2022. This type of research was observational analytic with a case control approach. The population is all mothers of infants aged 0-24 months as many as 70 mothers of infants in the Caleue settlement. Sampling in this study was conducted in the Caleue settlement, which consisted of 26 mothers of infants who experienced stunting as cases and as many as 26 mothers of infants who did not experience stunting as controls (control). Data collection from February 27 to March 04 using a questionnaire through interviews. Data analysis using Chi-Square test SPSS program. The results of the study there was a relationship between energy and protein intake p = 0.003, there was a relationship between Low Birth Weight p = 0.005, there was a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding p = 0.012, there was a relationship between Early Breastfeeding Initiation p = 0.023, there was a relationship between history of infectious diseases p = 0.023 = 0.011, there is a relationship between family income p = 0.048 and there is a relationship between mother's knowledge p = 0.025 with stunting. Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that the seven variables have a stunting relationship in the Indrajaya Public Health Center Work Area, Pidie Regency in 2022. It is expected that health workers can provide counseling regarding stunting prevention in children under two, such as providing adequate energy and protein intake.

EDUKASI KEBUTUHAN GIZI REMAJA PUTRI

The quality of the nation's next generation is largely determined by young women who act as prospective mothers. Data from the Riskesdas report for the NTB province in 2018 reported that the city of Mataram had the second most thin women aged &gt;18 years (14.02%) after North Lombok district, which was 15.99%. An initial survey conducted on 20 female students by accident at STIKes Yarsi Mataram in February 2021 found 30% of female students had Lila &lt;23.5 cm and deliberately limited eating because they did not want to look fat. This situation shows that not all female students at STIKes Yarsi Mataram have good nutritional status and awareness of their nutritional needs. Based on the problems above, community service "Education on the nutritional needs of young women" was carried out.&#x0D; This community service partner is the Chair of STIKes Yarsi Mataram and the Head of the Midwifery Study Program for the Undergraduate Program. This community service uses the counseling method. Education begins with a pre-test and ends with a post-test. The measurement of female students' knowledge level was carried out using a questionnaire. Education is carried out using the question and answer lecture method.&#x0D; Education of the nutritional needs of adolescent girls at STIKes Yarsi Mataram female students was able to increase female students' knowledge about the understanding and principles of balanced nutrition guidelines and the recommended amount of energy and protein adequacy portions from 76.7% with sufficient knowledge to 76.7% with good knowledge. It is expected that female students can update information related to energy and protein needs in adolescent girls and apply a diet in accordance with the recommended amount of energy and protein adequacy that has been understood.

The Relationship of Energy and Macro nutrient Intake on Fatigue Levels of Female Workers at The Bandarharjo Fish Smoking Center, Semarang City

Introduction: Inadequate intake of energy and macronutrients causes a decrease in an individual's ability to carry out his work activities and makes him feel tired or tired more easily. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between energy adequacy level (EAL) and protein adequacy level (PAL) as well as the percentage of carbohydrate intake and the percentage of fat intake with the fatigue level of female workers.Methods: This research is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study were 67 female workers at the Bandarharjo Fish Smoking Center, Semarang City. Research subjects were selected by purposive sampling of 40 subjects, based on inclusion criteria. EAL, PAL data were collected, as well as the percentage of carbohydrate and fat intake obtained through interviews using a 2x24 hour food recall form. Data analysis was performed by Pearson Product Moment correlation test on normally distributed data and Ranks Spearman correlation test on non-normally distributed data.Results: The results showed that the average EAL was 86,6 (±26,3)% energy requirement/day, PAL was 64,5 (±23,5)% protein requirement/day, the percentage of carbohydrate intake was 51,5 (±7,6)% energy intake/day, and the percentage of fat intake was 34,7 (±8,6)% energy intake/day, and the level of work fatigue with an average reaction time of 429,7 (±121,9) milliseconds. There was no relationship between EAL (r=0,127 and p=0,435), PAL (r=0,159 and p=0,327), percentage of carbohydrate intake (r=0,036 and p=0,825), and percentage of fat intake (r=-0,088 and p = 0,590) with the level of work fatigue.Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is no relationship between EAL, PAL, and the percentage of carbohydrate and fat intake with the level of work fatigue in female workers in the Bandarharjo Fish Smoking Center, Semarang City.

Quantitative Diet, Body Composition and Sprint Performance in Female Professional Beach Handball Players.

Women's elite sports have experienced an exponential increase in the last decade, as has beach handball (BH). The high demands of this sport mean that athletes need to be in superior physical condition, so nutrition and body composition are determining factors in their sporting performance. For this reason, the aim of this study was to analyze, compare and correlate the most relevant variables of food intake (quantitative), body composition (focus on the bone mass characteristics) and sprint performance in female professional BH players. Thirty-three women from the National Spanish Team participated in this study. Dietary assessment, anthropometric measurements and sprint tests were performed. In general, the players had a low carbohydrate intake and adequate protein intake, with no significant differences depending on the category and playing position. For senior players, positive correlations were found between protein intake and bone mass (r = 0.584, p = 0.022), polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and muscle mass (r = 0.387, p = 0.026) and finally between fat mass and animal protein intake (r = 0.569, p = 0.027). Body composition was similar in both categories; however, goalkeepers had the highest fat (22.6 ± 3.86%, 16.2 ± 4.84 kg) component (vs. wings: 17.4 ± 3.53%, p = 0.031/vs. specialists: 11.1 ± 1.91 kg, p = 0.034), and senior players had higher muscle mass (kilograms). It is worth noting the finding that players with a greater trochanter height had significantly lower sprint times (p = 0.014 and p = 0.048 for 5 and 10 m, respectively). Certain bone characteristics, such as iliospinale height, biacromial and bimalleolar diameters, mesosternal perimeter and biceps skinfold, differ depending on the position. In addition, the greater speed of the senior players may be due to the greater specialization, number of training sessions performed and specific bone characteristics, such as trochanter height. In this regard, the data provided in this study will assist with establishing criteria for the selection of talent for this sporting discipline.

The Association Between Drinking Water Management Behavior and the Level of Macronutrient Adequency with Nutritional Status of Toddlers

Background: Currently, in Indonesia various types of nutritional problems still occur in toddlers such as stunting, underweight, and wasting. There are several factors that influence the occurrence of these nutritional problems, such as drinking water management behavior and nutritional intake. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between drinking water management behavior and the adequacy level of macronutrients on the nutritional status of children under five. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with locations in the working area of the Bantargebang Public Health Center, Bekasi City. Subjects were 96 toddlers aged 24-59 months and mothers of toddlers who were taken by purposive sampling. Data collection on body weight (BB) and height (TB) was carried out through direct measurements, data on drinking water management behavior using a questionnaire, and the adequacy level of macronutrients using the SQ-FFQ form. Statistical test using descriptive test, chi-square test and relationship test using Spearman. Results: Inappropriate drinking water management behavior is applied by 61.5% of respondents. The energy adequacy level of toddlers obtained an average of 99.8%, the adequacy level of protein was 94.4%, the adequacy level of fat was 87.3%, and the adequacy level of carbohydrates was 101.5%. As many as 18.8% of toddlers are underweight, 17.7% of toddlers are stunted, and 27.1% of toddlers are wasted. The results showed that drinking water management behavior was associated with underweight (p=0.001), stunting (p=0.026), and wasting (p&lt;0.001). There is a relationship between the level of energy sufficiency and wasting (p=0.004). The level of protein adequacy was also associated with underweight (p&lt;0.001) and stunting (p=0.025). The results also showed that the level of fat adequacy was associated with underweight (p=0.049). The level of carbohydrate adequacy was also found to have a relationship with wasting (p=0.006). Conclusions: Drinking water management behavior has a relationship with stunting, underweight, and wasting. There is a relationship between the level of energy adequacy and wasting; protein adequacy level with underweight and stunting; level of fat adequacy with underweight; and the level of carbohydrate sufficiency associated with wasting.

Nutritional, biochemical, and clinical determinants of hyperuricemia in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: Relationship with clinical and renal disease activity.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototypical autoimmune disease considered as an independent risk factor for mortality by cardiovascular disease. Currently, uric acid is described as a novel biomarker associated with cardiometabolic risk. However, nutritional and serum determinants that influence hyperuricemia development in autoimmune diseases have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to assess the nutritional, biochemical, and cardiometabolic determinants of hyperuricemia and its relationship with clinical variables in SLE patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 167 SLE patients and 195 control subjects (CS). Nutrient intake, anthropometry, biochemical, and cardiometabolic indexes were evaluated. In SLE patients, adequate protein (OR = 0.4; p = 0.04) and carbohydrate (OR = 0.2; p = 0.01) intakes were associated with a lower risk of hyperuricemia. SLE patients with hyperuricemia presented a higher risk of clinical (OR = 2.2; p = 0.03) and renal activity (OR = 3.4; p < 0.01), as well as triglycerides ≥150mg/dL (OR = 3.6; p < 0.01), hs-CRP ≥1mg/L (OR = 3.1; p < 0.01), Kannel score ≥3 (OR = 2.5; p = 0.02), and BMI ≥25kg/m2 (OR = 2.2; p = 0.02). Oppositely, serum levels of HDL-C ≥40mg/dL (OR = 0.2; p < 0.01) were associated with a lower risk of hyperuricemia. According to the pharmacotherapy administered, prednisone treatment was associated with a high risk of hyperuricemia (OR = 4.7; p < 0.001). In contrast, the hydroxychloroquine treatment was associated with a lower risk of hyperuricemia (OR = 0.4; p = 0.02). In conclusion, SLE patients with hyperuricemia presented a high risk of clinical and renal activity as well as worse cardiometabolic status. Notably, an adequate intake of protein, carbohydrates, healthy HDL-C serum levels, and hydroxychloroquine treatment could be determinants of lower risk of hyperuricemia.

Position statement of the Polish Academy of Sciences Committee Human Nutrition Science on the principles for the nutrition of children aged 1-3 years.

The Position Statement on the principles of nutrition for children aged 1-3 years emphasizes that proper nutritionof children at this age determines their optimal psychometric development and has beneficial effects on the processnutritional programming, which reduces the risk of diet-related diseases in adulthood. Continued breastfeeding in thepost-infancy period, together with the proper introduction of complementary foods, supplies all the nutritional needs ofthe child. A varied selection of food products is important to balance out the diet of a child in the context of energy andnutrient needs. Attention should be paid to products not recommended for frequent consumption, due to the possibility ofthe early development of improper eating habits that can lead to undesirable health consequences. Due to the potential riskof deficiency, adequate intake of iron, iodine, calcium and vitamin D, as well as of n-3 PUFAs (which is often insufficient)should be provided. Adequate dietary energy and protein intake protects children against protein-energy undernutritionand is crucial for their proper growth and development. An important element in the assessment of the development ofchildren involves monitoring their nutritional status and physical development by systematically measuring their bodyweight and length/height and analyzing their weight gain. It is necessary to diagnose the causes of being underweight/overweight in children. Physical activity (such as outdoor walks, plays, and games) and healthy sleep hygiene arerecommended. Physical activity, an adequate number of hours of sleep, and the quality of sleep in early childhood mayimprove immunity, reduce the risk of excessive weight gain, and consequently reduce the risk of obesity later in life. Other issues discussed include the functioning of the digestive system as one of the determinants of the nutrition ofyoung children, basics of proper nutrition, risk of nutrient deficiencies and development of proper eating habits in earlychildhood.

The effect of Mediterranean diet on nutritional status, muscle mass and strength, and inflammatory factors in patients with colorectal cancer-induced cachexia: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial

BackgroundCurrent dietary strategies to manage cancer cachexia and the relevant outcomes did not provide a comprehensive solution. This study will evaluate the effect of a Mediterranean diet on inflammatory markers, nutritional status, muscle mass, and strength among patients with cancer cachexia (CC).MethodsThis will be a randomized clinical trial involving men and women diagnosed with localized or advanced colorectal cancer-induced cachexia. In total, 40 patients with CC will be recruited based on inclusion criteria and then these patients will be randomly allocated to receive either a Mediterranean diet (n = 20) or only routine nutritional advice (n = 20) for 8 weeks. The primary outcome will be nutritional status, muscle mass and strength, and serum concentrations of inflammatory markers including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Moreover, we will consider serum albumin and total protein levels, complete blood count (CBC), and quality of life as the secondary outcomes. All outcomes will be measured at the beginning and end (the eighth week) of the study. We will assess participants’ adherence to the prescribed diets by using a 1-day food record in the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth weeks of the study.DiscussionAlong with adequate calorie and protein intake in cancer cachexia, reducing inflammatory cytokines might be a useful strategy for maintaining nutritional status and body composition. Mediterranean diet has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, and by its components, it might help patients with cachexia to have a better nutritional status and quality of life.Trial registrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trials (www.irct.ir) RCT20211027052884N1. Prospectively registered on November 09, 2021.

Risk Factors Associated With Blood Hemoglobin Levels in Adolescent Girls in the East Ratahan District, Southeast Minahasa Regency

Anemia is a health problem that is most often found in developing countries, including Indonesia. Adolescents are an age group that is very at risk for the incidence of anemia due to nutritional needs, especially iron and could cause reduced physical, mental capacity, and diminished concentration in work and educational performance, as well as early motherhood in girls. Adolescent girls are a group that need sufficient iron, since they are prone to anemia and malnutrition because of menstruation every month. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with blood levels in adolescent girls in the East Ratahan District, Southeast Minahasa Regency. This was quantitative research with a cross-sectional design. 96 adolescents were willing to participate in the research, and only 79 people continued to participate until the study was terminated. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. Data on iron and protein intake was collected using the Food Frequency Semi-Quantitative Form. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations were determined on finger-prick blood samples, while the protein intakes were obtained by interviews conducted 24 hours after the food recall. The result shows that there is no connection between hemoglobin levels and nutritional status (weight, height, BMI, LILA, and BMI/U). Most subjects have a good nutritional status. Intake of macronutrient proteins is strongly correlated with female adolescents' hemoglobin levels and anemia status. Most subjects have a normal level of protein adequacy. Iron intake has a strong relationship with hemoglobin levels and anemia status in female adolescents. Furthermore, risk factors associated with hemoglobin levels are protein intake and iron intake in female adolescents.

The Relationship of Breakfast’s Nutrient Intake and Nutritional Status with Physical Fitness of 4th Grade Students In Urban Area SDN Cililitan 02 Jakarta Timur

Physical Fitness is very needed for primary school-age children’s development because the growth and development in this period of age are very fast, both physically and spiritually. Before starting activities at school, children need an adequate intake from their breakfast. This research aims to know the relationship between breakfast’s nutrition intake and nutritional status with physical fitness of 4th grade students in urban area SDN Cililitan 02 Jakarta Timur. This type of research is Analytical study with cross sectional design with total sample 77 people and were taken by systematic random sampling which qualified the inclusion in this research’s needed. Physical fitness data was obtained based on the Triple Hop Test. Breakfast’s nutrition intake from food recall 1x24 hours method in the school’s time. Nutritional Status Data (BMI) is measured using the anthropometric method. Data analysis with Frequency Distribution and Chi-Square Test. From 77 respondents, almost of them have a good physical fitness at 63.6 %, Good Nutritional Status Data (BMI) at 49.4 %, Adequate energy intake 80.5 %, Adequate protein intake 53.2 %, Adequate fat intake 83.1 % and Adequate carbohydrate intake 89.6 %. There is no relationship between nutritional status and physical fitness (p=0.213) and similarly there is no relationship between protein intake and physical fitness (p=0.669). There is a significant relationship between energy intake, fat intake, and carbohydrate intake with physical fitness (p=0.047), (p=0.024), and (p=0.011).

Current status of nutrient intake in Korea: focused on macronutrients

Background: Dietary reference intakes (DRIs) provide indicators for individuals or groups to monitor their diet and manage their eating habits. DRIs are important to establish dietary guidelines and nutrition policies. The Korean Nutrition Society under the supervision of the Ministry of Health and Welfare revises and announces DRIs for Koreans every 5 years. In this review, we discuss the 2020 DRI revision and the dietary intake status of Koreans, specifically focused on macronutrients.Current Concepts: The traditional Korean diet is a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet. However, the carbohydrate intake is decreasing with an increase in protein and fat intake. The mean intake and contribution of each macronutrient to the daily caloric intake (%) is not deviating from the recommended levels, although agebased differences are observed. Older individuals are at higher risk of excessive carbohydrate consumption and have insufficient protein intake. Adequate protein intake is important to prevent frailty or sarcopenia. In contrast, younger adults consume lesser amounts of carbohydrates and higher amounts of protein and fat. Moreover, intake of saturated fatty acids is rapidly increasing among young adults. Therefore, research focused on the health effects of a low-carbohydrate diet and high saturated fatty acid intake is necessary in the future.Discussion and Conclusion: It is important to consume a balanced diet that contains a variety of foods based on the acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges. Owing to differences in age-based macronutrient intake, it is necessary to consider high-risk groups and their nutrient requirements.

Assessment of dietary intakes and feeding practices in children aged 6-23 months in a town in the Northeast region of Argentina.

An adequate quantity and quality of complementary feeding is essential during the first 2 years of life. The objective of this study was to assess dietary intakes and feeding practices in children aged 6-23 months in a town in the Northeast region of Argentina. Descriptive, crosssectional study (second semester of 2019). Intakes from 24-hour dietary recall interviews conducted among caregivers of children aged 6-23 months were assessed. Data were compared to dietary reference intakes. Feeding practices were assessed as per the World Health Organization's indicators. A total of 138 children aged 6-23 months were assessed. The mean adequacy ratio of energy and vitamins A, D, and E was below 100% for all ages, whereas the protein adequacy for children aged 7-12 and 13-23 months was 142.8% and 168.1%, respectively. A remarkable number of cases had energy and vitamin A intakes below the estimated average requirement. In relation to feeding practice indicators, 50.8% of infants received a minimum acceptable diet. There is a high prevalence of an inadequate level of energy and critical nutrient intake during complementary feeding of the children aged 6-23 months included in the study. Nutritional interventions that promote feeding practices to improve micronutrient intake would be highly important for children's current and future health.

Protein Supplementation with Short Peptides Prevents Early Muscle Mass Loss after Roux-en-Y-Gastric Bypass.

Introduction: A significant reduction in fat-free mass (FFM) following bariatric surgery (BS) has been reported, and adequate protein intake is recommended for FFM preservation. Current guidelines of nutritional management after BS recommend complex protein (CP) compounds. However, Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass (RYGB) has a negative impact on CP digestion, leading to protein malabsorption. At present, there is no data regarding the impact of early supplementation with short peptide-based (SPB) or hydroxy methylbutyrate (HMB)-enriched formulas on the evolution of the FFM after the BS. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of nutritional products based on CP, HBM-enriched, or SPB formulas on the FFM of patients that undergo RYGB. Material and methods: This is a prospective interventional study, including three groups of patients (according to the type of protein product) as candidates for BS, recruited between December 2021 and April 2022, matched by age, gender, and BMI. All patients underwent evaluations at baseline and one month post-BS, including: medical history, physical and anthropometric evaluation, bioimpedance, and biochemical analysis. Results: A total of 60 patients were recruited: 63% women, mean age 43.13 ± 9.4 years, and BMI 43.57 ± 4.1 kg/m2. The % of FFM loss from total weight loss (TWL) was significantly lower in the SPB group than CP and HMB groups despite the major %TWL in this group (40.60 ± 17.27 in CP, 34.57 ± 13.15 in HMB, and 19.14 ± 9.38 in SPB, p < 0.001). TWL% was 9.98 ± 1.82 vs. 9.83 ± 2.71 vs. 13.56 ± 4.30, p < 0.001, respectively. Conclusion: In our study, the SPB supplementation prevented almost 50% FFM lost from the TWL than the CP- or HMB-enriched compounds at one month post-BS. These results are significant in the setting of muscle mass preservation after the BS, and have the potential to change the current guidelines for the management of nutritional supplementation after BS.

Cellular mariculture: Challenges of delivering sustainable protein security

Globally, there is a need for additional high-quality protein to meet the needs of those who do not have adequate protein and to meet future dietary needs based on population growth projections. Cellular mariculture has received a great deal of attention from investors who see the promises of the technology to create protein that mitigates pressures on wild sources, avoids problems of marine pollution, and alleviates concerns over exploited labor. Comparing existing life cycle analyses for marine capture fish, aquaculture harvested fish, and cell-based meat, this article highlights challenges for the cellular mariculture industry that will need to be addressed before the technology can be considered anything more than a small-scale boutique technology for high income countries. While the industry has expressed concerns over regulatory approvals, the bigger challenges for the industry will be addressing energy usage, feedstock and culture medium sourcing, and general equity concerns. Cellular mariculture may be part of a multi-part solution for future protein but is not a panacea for poor fisheries or aquaculture management.

Orphan Genes in Crop Improvement: Enhancing Potato Tuber Protein without Impacting Yield.

Qua-Quine Starch (QQS), an Arabidopsis thaliana orphan gene, and its interactor, Arabidopsis Nuclear Factor Y subunit C4 (AtNF-YC4), can increase the total leaf and seed protein in different plants. Despite their potential in developing protein-rich crop varieties, their influence on the protein content of the stem, modified stem, and tuber was never investigated. Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is one of the most valuable food crops worldwide. This staple food is rich in starch, vitamins (B6, C), phenolics, flavonoids, polyamines, carotenoids, and various minerals but lacks adequate proteins necessary for a healthy human diet. Here we expressed A. thaliana&amp;nbsp;QQS (AtQQS) and overexpressed S. tuberosum NF-YC4 (StNF-YC4) in potatoes to determine their influence on the composition and morphological characteristics of potato tubers. Our data demonstrated higher protein and reduced starch content in potato tubers without significantly compromising the tuber yield, shape, and numbers, when QQS was expressed or StNF-YC4 was overexpressed. Publicly available expression data, promoter region, and protein-protein interaction analyses of StNF-YC4 suggest its potential functionality in potato storage protein, metabolism, stress resistance, and defense against pests and pathogens. The overall outcomes of this study support QQS and NF-YC4's potential utilization as tools to enhance tuber protein content in plants.