Саркопеническое ожирение у детей: клиническое значение, подходы к диагностике и терапии

Abstract

Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a functional and clinical condition characterized by excess fat mass and low skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia). The double negative effect of obesity and sarcopenia on human health is manifested by a high risk of developing numerous chronic non-communicable diseases and low therapeutic effectiveness. It was previously believed that SO develops predominantly in older adults, however its prevalence in children has increased over the last decade. To date, there is no standard diagnostic criteria for SO. In contemporary pediatric practice, measurements of muscle mass quantity and quality are used to detect SO. In adults, physical performance is assessed in addition to muscle mass in the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Approaches to the treatment of SO in children are limited to non-pharmaceutical methods, with adequate protein intake and strength and aerobic training being the most important. This review summarizes the current understanding of the prevalence, pathogenesis, and clinical significance of SO in children, as well as the methods of its diagnosis and treatment. Key words: obesity, sarcopenia, children, adolescents, muscle mass