Cellular mariculture: Challenges of delivering sustainable protein security

Abstract

Globally, there is a need for additional high-quality protein to meet the needs of those who do not have adequate protein and to meet future dietary needs based on population growth projections. Cellular mariculture has received a great deal of attention from investors who see the promises of the technology to create protein that mitigates pressures on wild sources, avoids problems of marine pollution, and alleviates concerns over exploited labor. Comparing existing life cycle analyses for marine capture fish, aquaculture harvested fish, and cell-based meat, this article highlights challenges for the cellular mariculture industry that will need to be addressed before the technology can be considered anything more than a small-scale boutique technology for high income countries. While the industry has expressed concerns over regulatory approvals, the bigger challenges for the industry will be addressing energy usage, feedstock and culture medium sourcing, and general equity concerns. Cellular mariculture may be part of a multi-part solution for future protein but is not a panacea for poor fisheries or aquaculture management.