Prosecutor General Research Articles

Cyber crimes as a threat to state security: criminology and organizational features of accounting

The article analyzes the types, forms and content of statistical reporting reflecting the state and structure of cybercrime in Ukraine. It is noted that there is no universally recognized concept of cybercrime in international legislation. There is currently no clear definition of the concept of cybercrime in domestic legislation. Among scientists and practitioners, there is also no single approach to delineating the grounds for classifying illegal acts as such crimes. The reports were developed without further analysis of cybercrime. On the basis of official state reporting prepared by the Office of the Prosecutor General of Ukraine and the State Judicial Administration of Ukraine, it is possible to analyze a small group of criminal offenses, namely, those provided for by the articles of Chapter XVI of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Some of the “traditional crimes” that fall under the concept of cybercrime are reflected in the departmental statistical reporting of the National Police of Ukraine, but it does not cover all cybercrimes and, of course, takes into account only those assigned to the jurisdiction of the National Police of Ukraine. Therefore, in Ukraine, there is no official state statistical reporting on cybercrime. Considering the high latency of this type of criminal offense, it can be stated that it is impossible to conduct an analysis that would fully and reliably reflect the state of cybercrime in Ukraine.

Legal Basis of Prosecutorial Supervision in the Field of Healthcare

The article examines the normative legal acts regulating public relations in the fi eld of healthcare and constituting the legal basis of prosecutorial supervision in the fi eld under consideration. Practical examples of the prosecutor’s response to the protection of citizens’ rights to health protection and the right to work are considered. The reports of the Prosecutor General on the state of law and order over the past three years regarding the health care system have been studied.

The head of the prosecutor's office as a subject of proving

The article is devoted to the research of the participation in the proving of the head of the prosecutor's office, who is the Prosecutor General, the head of the regional prosecutor's office, the head of the district prosecutor's office and their first deputies and deputies acting within their competence. Despite the fact that the head of the prosecutor's office is almost never mentioned separately in doctrinal definitions and classifications of subjects of evidence, he is an independent participant in criminal proceedings and a subject of proving. The head of the prosecutor's office in the classification of subjects of proving refers to the group of subjects who are assigned the duty and burden of proof in the pre­trial investigation.
 The powers of the head of the prosecutor's office, which are related to the proving, include: 1) the determination of the appropriate subject of procedural guidance; 2) ensuring the effectiveness of the pre-trial investigation in the aspect of collecting of evidence; 3) initiation of criminal proceedings and notification of suspicion of criminal proceedings against certain categories of persons (which is a necessary condition for the admissibility of all evidence that will be collected and examined in criminal proceedings); 4) implementation of "delegated" powers under the martial law.
 The analysis of the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine and the positions of the Supreme Court regarding the problematic issues of the implementation of the powers of the head of the prosecutor's office leads to the conclusions that: the head of the prosecutor's office can be a member of the group of prosecutors; there is no imperative to include the head of the prosecutor's office in order to use the powers under Chapter 37 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine in the group of prosecutors, however, his inclusion in such a group also does not contradict the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. When the head of the prosecutor's office is included in the group of prosecutors, the question arises of the lack of impartiality in the powers specifically as the head of the prosecutor's office and the identification of a higher-level prosecutor for the purposes of Art. 308 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine.

DOCUMENTS OF THE PROSECUTOR'S SUPERVISION IN ENSURING THE LEGALITY OF DECISIONS OF LOCAL REPRESENTATION AND EXECUTIVE BODIES

Ensuring legality in a democratic society, establishing the prosecutor's control over the supremacy of law and their uniform implementation is of particular importance for building a civil society and increasing the legal consciousness and culture of citizens.of the Updated Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan According to Article 143, "The General Prosecutor of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the prosecutors subordinate to him shall exercise supervision over the precise and uniform implementation of laws in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan." Articles 144 and 145 of our dictionary reflect the fact that the prosecutor's office shall exercise its powers as a single centralized system under the leadership of the Prosecutor General of the Republic, independently of any state bodies, public associations and officials, only in accordance with the law.

Features of the Prevention of Entrepreneurial Offenses in the Formation of a Legal State

Object of study: The article deals with the measures of prevention of criminal offenses in the field of business according to the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Based on the results of the survey conducted with entrepreneurs and specialists engaged in the investigation of crimes in the field of business, the author, while studying the personality of the criminal in this field, determining the causes and consequences of crime and the dynamics of its growth, proposes comprehensive measures for the prevention of business crimes. The main goal of the research is a comprehensive analysis of criminal legislation and criminological issues of crimes whose subject is an entrepreneur, as well as theoretical justification and systematic development of organizational and legal measures that provide action against the illegal behavior of this category of persons on this basis. Methodology: Based on the basics of empirical research, the researcher is increasing the relevance of the article by means of legal analysis, survey research and other critical methods. The main materials of the research are the materials of 500 criminal cases in the archive, the results of the answers received from 400 citizens in a number of regions of the country, the results of the answers received from 300 practical employees of the city and district Internal Affairs Departments, the Financial Police and Legal statistics of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Justice, the Anti-Corruption Agency and the Prosecutor General and statistical data of the information reporting committee. Main results: As a result of the study, a proposal was made to make changes to the criminal legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan to hold those who have committed criminal offenses in the field of economic activity responsible for business entities (representatives of small, medium and large businesses). Theoretical contributions: A special way to increase the effectiveness of legislation on entrepreneurship is criminal responsibility for entrepreneurial activities. Traditionally, criminal responsibility is a state coercion and the most severe punishment is always a measure of influence against the offender. According to scientists, it has been proven that as a result of the economic growth of the country, the crime rate will decrease.

Parole and Early Release from Punishment: Problems of Improving Application Mechanisms in the Republic of Kazakhstan and Foreign Experience

Objective: The article provides a comparative study of the institution of parole in the Republic of Kazakhstan with current foreign legislation. The positive experience of the legislation on parole is outlined, conflicts and problems of the current legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on parole are identified, and recommendations are offered for further improvement of the institution of parole.
 
 Theoretical framework: During the study, statistical material presented on the website of the Prosecutor General's Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan, other scientific works on the presented topic, as well as foreign experience of other countries were studied
 
 Method: The following methods were used in the research process: system-theoretical and logical analysis of the problem; expert assessment of the relevant norms of national legislation and the practice of its application; constructive and critical analysis of conceptual approaches to reforming the institution of parole.
 
 Results and conclusion: Based on the current legislative acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan and foreign countries, as well as scientific literature, the article analyzes the conditions for the abolition of parole, on the basis of which proposals are made for the wording of Part 7 of Art. 72 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Also, the practice of applying preventive measures by government, law enforcement agencies, and public groups does not always properly demonstrate their effectiveness. Therefore, from our point of view, the legislation should provide for measures to improve them. Which indicate the advisability of developing a large comprehensive plan for the reintegration of parolees into life in society, which relate to all spheres of life. And regarding the principle of work of district inspectors and probation inspectors, which is identical, de-bureaucratization effect.
 
 Originality and value: Issues related to the theory and practice of applying parole to convicted persons or the non-application of certain types of punishment to a certain category of persons are quite often discussed in the scientific literature both in Kazakhstan and in foreign countries. However, taking into account the changes made to Kazakhstan's regulatory legal acts (criminal, criminal procedural, criminal executive legislation, regulatory decisions of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan) on issues of parole, in our opinion, some rough edges are revealed that require resolution. At the same time, the practice of applying the institution of parole shows that there are still issues that are subject to additional legislative regulation in order to eliminate any doubts in the interpretation of the law, which indicates the relevance of their research. Since frequent changes in legislation have caused and continue to cause difficulties for individual courts in the correct application of the above regulations. For example, issues related to the revocation of parole, or the reversal of an application for parole. The latter is what happens most often in practice.

On the powers of the prosecutor to initiate disciplinary proceedings

The object of scientific research is the social relations that develop in the sphere of application by prosecutors of the Russian Federation of powers to initiate disciplinary proceedings. The subject of the study is the practice of prosecutor's offices of the Russian Federation in bringing guilty persons to disciplinary liability, legislation of the Russian Federation and foreign countries, organizational and administrative documents of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation, works of scientists related to the topic of research. The methodological basis of the research includes the dialectical method, methods of analysis, synthesis, analogy, deduction, induction, observation, modeling, historical, comparative legal, statistical and other methods. The main conclusions of the study are to substantiate the mandatory requirement of the prosecutor to bring the perpetrators to disciplinary liability, since this is dictated not so much by the formal requirements of statistical reporting, but by the need to ensure the prevention of law violations. The scientific novelty lies in the proposals formulated by the author to legislatively consolidate the powers of the prosecutor or his deputy to initiate disciplinary proceedings, mandatory for the authorities specified in paragraph 1 of Article 21 of the Federal Law of January 17, 1992 No. 2202-1 “On the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation”. The work contains specific proposals for amending Article 21 of the Law on the Prosecutor's Office.

Право законодательной инициативы в уголовном процессе как гарантия устранения правовой неопределенности

Elimination of the legal uncertainty of the criminal procedure legislation is one of the most important ways to improve the quality and effectiveness of activities to combat crime. The author substantiates the need to endow the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation and the Federal Chamber of Lawyers with the right of legislative initiative. This form of participation of the Prosecutor's office and the bar in the law-making process will ensure prompt response to defects in the legal regulation of criminal procedural activities.

Law enforcement practice in countering organized forms of complicity in committing envi-ronmental crimes

Based on the official statistical sources available from the Office of the Prosecutor General and the State Judicial Administration of Ukraine, the group component of environmental crime has been analyzed for the period 2009-2022. The long-term criminological analysis made by the authors allowed identifying the specific characteristics of criminals in this category and finding out the indicators of group criminal activity, including as part of organized groups, as well as the types of the encroachment committed. The relevant relative indicators pertaining to the examined categories of crimes are calculated and illustrated in diagrams. By using relative criminological indicators, specifically the proportion of detected and convicted persons who committed environmental crimes as part of a group, and by comparing the results obtained with similar total crime indicators the authors ascertained that the value of the relevant indicator for environmental crimes is significantly higher - 21.2 % versus 11.5 % for total crime in terms of persons detected and 28.3 % versus 15.3 % in terms of persons convicted. It is found that the proportion of the group component of environmental crime and of conviction for environmental crimes is almost twice as high as that of total crime (1.84). The proportion of persons who committed environmental crimes as part of an organized group or a criminal organization amounted to 0.8% of total environmental criminals detected and is almost twice as high as the same indicator for total crime (0.45%). Illegal mining, sale, acquisition, transfer, sending, transportation, and processing of amber account for the largest share of convicts who committed a crime as part of a group (47.0 % in 2022), and this is explained by the crime commission method (the method of hydro-erosion using appropriate technical means). By calculating and comparing the proportion of persons who committed environmental criminal infractions in the structure of all persons who committed environmental criminal offenses with similar indicators of persons who committed the same as part of a group and also as part of an organized group or a criminal organization, the authors proved that there is a correlation between the level of public danger of environmental encroachments and the level of organization of the persons who commit them. It is noted that the statistical analysis made is justified, firstly, by the tasks of typologizing the persons who commit environmental crimes for scientific and practical purposes, and secondly, by explaining the determination of criminal behavior, and thirdly, by developing effective measures to combat the crimes referred to this category.

Regarding the state of cybercrime prevention in Ukraine: problems of formation of official statistics

The article analyzes the types, forms, and content of statistical reporting reflecting the state and structure of cybercrime in Ukraine. It is noted that there is currently no clear definition of the concept of cybercrime in domestic legislation. Among scientists and practitioners, there is also no single approach to delineating the grounds for classifying illegal acts as such crimes. At the same time, such uncertainty has a negative impact on the effectiveness of countering cybercrime in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is a systematic analysis of available state statistical data related to cybercrime, persons who have committed cybercrime, and other data reflected in various sources; an assessment of the structure and content of such data and the possibilities of their use for the prevention and counteraction of cybercrime; coverage of problematic issues related to the formation of official statistical reporting on recorded cybercrimes. On the basis of official state statistical reporting prepared by the Office of the Prosecutor General of Ukraine and the State Judicial Administration of Ukraine, it is possible to analyze a small group of criminal offenses, namely, those provided for by the articles of Chapter XVI of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
 Some of the «traditional crimes» that fall under the concept of cybercrime are reflected in the departmental statistical reporting of the National Police of Ukraine, but it does not cover all cybercrimes and, of course, takes into account only those that are under the jurisdiction of the National Police of Ukraine. It was concluded that there is no official state statistical reporting on cybercrime in Ukraine. Considering the high latency of this type of criminal offense, it can be stated that it is impossible to conduct an analysis that would fully and reliably reflect the state of cybercrime in Ukraine

Niewspółmierność kary jako podstawa kasacyjna

This article examines grounds for a cassation appeal in the form of a plea that the penalty is disproportionate (incommensurate) to the offence. It was introduced to the Polish criminal proceedings in 2016 and can only be raised by the Public Prosecutor General in the case of indictable offences. The article focuses on the genesis of this regulation and the course of work on it, as well as the issue of the subjective scope of Art. 523 § 1a of the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure, and on a detailed interpretation of the various terms used in this provision. In the final part of the article, the author makes his own, unambiguously critical assessment of the current regulation as well as formulates de lege ferenda conclusions in this respect.

Prosecutor’s Office of Ukraine Under Martial Law: Challenges, Trends. Statistical Data

Background: Introduction of martial law on the territory of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, due to the full-scale invasion of the russian federation1, led to a shift in the emphasis in activity of all public authorities and institutions. They promptly adapted to the challenges brought by the war to ensure continuous functioning of the institutions of key importance for the state. Such include the institution of justice; the Prosecutor’s Office is an integral element of its implementation. During the war, Ukraine gained new experience in the matters of its organization and functional development. It is expected to be useful to anyone interested in the justice system, particularly the Prosecutor’s Office, and for the study of its responses to the extraordinary conditions of the war. The publication is the result of a systematic analysis of the indicators of the Prosecutor’s Office of Ukraine activity within the context of the events caused by the war’s development, which has been taking place for more than one year. This time span allows the authors to draw certain conclusions and highlight trends. The performance indicators of four regional Prosecutor’s Offices, representing the north, south, east, and west of Ukraine, are taken as a basis. This approach is driven by different degrees of military aggression intensity in relation to the various regions, allowing tracing of the relevant correlation between the “territorial factor” and effectiveness of the Prosecutor’s Office’s operation. The study is based on statistical indicators and reports of the Office of the Prosecutor General, data from Kyiv, Odesa, Lviv, and Kharkiv’s regional Prosecutor’s Offices, as well as materials from the Qualification and Disciplinary Commission on Public Prosecutors. Methods: The authors used systematic, statistical, historical, and comparative methods, as well as the method of selective analysis and synthesis of information, ensuring the objectivity and complexity of the study. Actual statistical and empirical data are used for proper argumentation of the conclusions. Results and Conclusions: It was concluded that the activity of the Prosecutor’s Office in Ukraine under martial law is largely determined by the territorial factor. At the same time, the full-scale war became a catalyst for polar phenomena among prosecutors: intensification of the civil position in opposition to the aggressor, professional, and behavioural destructions, which are assessed by a disciplinary body to finalize the prosecutor’s career.

CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL ASPECTS UNECONOMIC USE OF LANDS

The article is devoted to the study of criminological and criminal aspects of uneconomic use of lands. This corpus of the criminal offense provides in Article 254 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and requires detailed research. The author identified a system of determinants of this criminal offense by next: 1) the low ecological culture of the offender; 2) the desire to obtain increased profit due to the violation of technological processes of a certain production; 3) the low amount of punishment in the Criminal Code of Ukraine for committing the specified criminal offense; 4) the concealment of the process of land pollution due to the sparse population of the place of the criminal offense; 5) the procedural complexity of holding to criminal responsibility the persons who were not caught at the place of a criminal offense. The author studied the statistical data of the General Prosecutor’s Office for Article 254 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine over the last three years. The author established that criminal offenses of uneconomic use of lands are detected in small quantity by law enforcement agencies. In particular, 161 cases were detected in 2022, 207 cases were detected in 2021, and 149 cases were detected in 2020 on the territory of Ukraine. The author analyzed that only in 50% of cases specific persons were served with a notice of suspicion of a crime and the group of criminal activity was revealed only 1 time during the investigated three-year period. In order to eliminate the determinants of weak criminal responsibility for this criminal offense the author proposes to define such punishment as imprisonment for up to two years in Part 1 of Article 254 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine that corresponds to the negative consequences of land pollution in the kind of «long-term loss of soil fertility». The author thinks that “long-term loss of soil fertility” (for a period of 30 to 50 years) is an important socially dangerous criterion that increases the serious of this environmental criminal offense. Imprisonment as a type of punishment should be applied not only in qualified cases of committing this criminal offense (to commit by a group of offenders; to cause damage in the amount of more than 1,342,000 UAH), but also in the basic (initial) version. Therefore, the increase in the amount of punishment in part 1 of Article 254 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine to real imprisonment together with the improvement of the structure of environmental law police, the improvement of mechanism of their work to identify the organizers and cases of group commission of this criminal offense should be implemented by the state in its own criminal law policy.

Criminal liability for exceeding authority or official authority by a military official

Since the introduction of martial law and general mobilization, the number of criminal offenses committed by military personnel has increased dramatically. According to the Office of the Prosecutor General, the number of criminal offenses under Art. 426-1 “Abuse of power or authority by a military official” increased 4 times in 2022 and amounted to 426. The practice of qualifying military criminal offenses shows significant problems of law enforcement and uneven criminal law and procedural decisions. These problems are primarily due to the lack of resolutions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of Ukraine on the practice of applying the rules governing liability for military criminal offenses, as well as due to the blanket nature of their dispositions. In this regard, there is an urgent need for a theoretical study of criminal liability issues, in particular, Article 426-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine “Excess of power or official authority by a military officer”. to determine the objective and subjective features of the analyzed criminal offense. The author analyzes the main theoretical and applied issues of criminal liability for abuse of power or authority by a military official under the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The author considers the problematic issues of defining the elements of this criminal offense and its individual features. It is established that the mandatory presence of an additional optional direct object is of great importance for the criminal offense under consideration. The author emphasizes the problems which arise when determining the content of abuse of power, abuse of office, and the content of the concept of “substantial damage”. The objective side of the abuse of power or authority by a military official is also considered in detail. It is established that abuse of power or authority by a military official belongs to the material elements of crimes.

ISSUES OF DIGITALIZATION OF PROSECUTOR SUPERVISION OVER OBSERVANCE OF THE LAW

The article provides information about some information systems being implemented in the activities of the prosecutor's office in supervision over observance of the law. The objectives of the introduction of information and communication technologies in the prosecutor's bodies are stated. The need to use the “Electronic document flow” and “Prosecutor supervision" information systems developed by the General Prosecutor's Office is indicated. Ways to improve the efficiency of the prosecutor's supervision were analyzed and relevant proposals were developed.

Сотрудничество Генеральной прокуратуры Российской Федерации с международными организациями в сфере противодействия коррупции

The article is devoted to the legal analysis of the activities of the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation with international organizations in the implementation of global anti-corruption policy. The author provides an analysis of specific international organizations in the field of combating corruption activities, as well as the order, legal basis and methods of interaction of the organizations under consideration with the prosecution authorities of the Russian Federation.

Interaction of the Prosecutor's Office with Religious Organizations

The object of the study is the social relations that arise during the interaction of the prosecutor's office, law enforcement and other state bodies with religious organizations, and the impact of this interaction on the prevention of offenses. The author examines such aspects of the topic as the impact of the activities of religious organizations on the legal situation, the impact of cooperation with them of the prosecutor's office, law enforcement and other state bodies on the prevention of offenses, the specifics of the implementation of the directions of interaction of the prosecutor's office with religious organizations. The subject of the study is the materials of law enforcement practice, the norms of legislation on the prosecutor's office, the legislation of foreign countries regulating these public relations, the positions of scientists formed on the issue of interaction with religious organizations of state and, in particular, law enforcement agencies. Despite the separation of religion from the state proclaimed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, there is obviously an increasing influence on the legal situation of religious organizations, as well as the presence of significant potential for preventing crimes, especially in the field of terrorism and extremism, which is especially relevant in the modern situation. In this regard, there is no doubt that the Prosecutor's office and other law enforcement agencies need to cooperate with them in the field of crime prevention. At the same time, the current legislation does not contain the necessary regulation of such cooperation; scientific study of the issue is also insufficient. Filling this gap, the author of the article, exploring the legal aspects of the implementation of the interaction of the prosecutor's office and other law enforcement agencies with religious organizations in the legal sphere, identifies the directions and forms of their interaction, which is the novelty of the study. The conclusion is formulated about the need to consolidate the duty of interaction of the Prosecutor's office with public and religious organizations in the Law on the Prosecutor's Office, its directions and to consolidate in the order of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation the forms of interaction of the Prosecutor's Office with religious organizations, which is a special contribution of the author to the study of this topic.

ПРОБЛЕМНІ АСПЕКТИ ВРУЧЕННЯ ПРОЦЕСУАЛЬНИХ ДОКУМЕНТІВ ОСОБІ, ЯКА ПЕРЕБУВАЄ НА ТИМЧАСОВО ОКУПОВАНІЙ ТЕРИТОРІЇ АБО НА ТЕРИТОРІЇ ДЕРЖАВИ-АГРЕСОРА

У статті розглянуто проблеми, що виникають при врученні процесуальних документів особі, яка перебуває на тимчасово окупованій території чи території держави-агресора, під час досудового розслідування та при здійсненні спеціального досудового розслідування. Запропоновано покращити вебсторінку Офісу Генерального прокурора, на якій публікуються процесуальні документи, та проводити щомісячні перевірки таких публікацій з метою виявлення фактів поширення персональних даних. Аргументовано необхідність виключення вимоги щодо поштового надсилання процесуальних документів при здійсненні спеціального досудового розслідування. Доведено переваги використання електронної пошти та соціальних мереж для вручення процесуальних документів особам-учасникам кримінального провадження.

ON THE ISSUE OF DEPORTATION OF THE PEOPLES OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS TO KAZAKH SSR IN THE YEARS OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (ACCORDING TO KAZAKH ARCHIVES)

The paper aims to collect and systemize the data of the Kazakh archives on placement, keeping and features of the stay of the deported peoples of the North Caucasus on the territory of Kazakhstan. The author limited the scope of research to residents of the republics of the North Caucasus, since the largest number of deportations were from Karachay-Cherkessia and Chechen-Ingushetia republics. Consideration of all aspects of the deportation of Crimean Tatars, Greeks from the Crimean Autonomous Republic, Meskhetian Turks, Khemshins from Georgia requires separate research. The object of the author’s research was the issues of deportation, accommodation and keep of the peoples of the North Caucasus in 1944 to Kazakhstan. On the basis of a scientific analysis of the materials of a number of archival documents – various resolutions, directives, certificates, reports, the author traces the processes of resettlement and control over the arriving representatives of the deported peoples. The resettled families were specially distributed by the authorities to various regions of the vast territory of the republic. A considerable number of deportees ended up in political camps set up at factories, or were sent to build complex engineering structures. When conducting a scientific analysis, the author of the article used data from documents from Kazakhstani archives and collections of documents on the subject. As the main materials of the study, party documents, directives of the NKVD bodies, materials from the archives of the Prosecutor General’s Office, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the KNB of the Republic of Kazakhstan were involved. The author reveals that the very Stalinist policy of deportation of peoples was carried out on the basis of the narrow framework of party instructions of the Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. All these resolutions and instructions are found everywhere in investigation cases or indictments found by the author in archival funds. The main results of the study are the identification of valuable documentary information on such issues as the definition of the regions of Kazakhstan involved in the resettlement process, indicating the number of resettled, the conditions of detention and adaptation of the deported.

ON THE ISSUE OF DEPORTATION OF THE PEOPLES OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS TO KAZAKH SSR IN THE YEARS OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (ACCORDING TO KAZAKH ARCHIVES)

The paper aims to collect and systemize the data of the Kazakh archives on placement, keeping and features of the stay of the deported peoples of the North Caucasus on the territory of Kazakhstan. The author limited the scope of research to residents of the republics of the North Caucasus, since the largest number of deportations were from Karachay-Cherkessia and Chechen-Ingushetia republics. Consideration of all aspects of the deportation of Crimean Tatars, Greeks from the Crimean Autonomous Republic, Meskhetian Turks, Khemshins from Georgia requires separate research. The object of the author’s research was the issues of deportation, accommodation and keep of the peoples of the North Caucasus in 1944 to Kazakhstan. On the basis of a scientific analysis of the materials of a number of archival documents – various resolutions, directives, certificates, reports, the author traces the processes of resettlement and control over the arriving representatives of the deported peoples. The resettled families were specially distributed by the authorities to various regions of the vast territory of the republic. A considerable number of deportees ended up in political camps set up at factories, or were sent to build complex engineering structures. When conducting a scientific analysis, the author of the article used data from documents from Kazakhstani archives and collections of documents on the subject. As the main materials of the study, party documents, directives of the NKVD bodies, materials from the archives of the Prosecutor General’s Office, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the KNB of the Republic of Kazakhstan were involved. The author reveals that the very Stalinist policy of deportation of peoples was carried out on the basis of the narrow framework of party instructions of the Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. All these resolutions and instructions are found everywhere in investigation cases or indictments found by the author in archival funds. The main results of the study are the identification of valuable documentary information on such issues as the definition of the regions of Kazakhstan involved in the resettlement process, indicating the number of resettled, the conditions of detention and adaptation of the deported.