Term Project Research Articles

Arriving at the Results by Comparing with Traditional Approach to My Approach in Deriving Function Points for ETL Operations

It can be hard to guess how much data will need to be put into the data warehouse when the whole history of the transaction system is moved there. This is especially true when the transfer process could take weeks or even months. The ETL system's parts must be broken down into its three independent stages, nevertheless, when estimating a big starting load. Data extraction from source systems, Creating the dimensional model from data, Loading the data warehouse and timing estimates for the extraction process. Surprisingly, data extraction from the source system may take up the majority of the ETL procedure. Online transaction processing (OLTP) systems are simply not built to return those massive data sets from the data warehouse's historic load, which extracts a tremendous quantity of data in a single query. However, the daily incremental loads and the breath-of-life historic database loads are very different. In any case, fact-table filling requires data to be pulled in a different way than what transaction systems are able to do. ETL extraction procedures frequently call for time-consuming techniques like views, cursors, stored procedures, and correlated subqueries. It is essential to anticipate how long an extract will take to begin before it does. Calculating the extract time estimate is challenging. Due to the hardware mismatch between the test and production servers, estimates based on the execution of the ETL operations in the test environment may be greatly distorted. Sometimes working on certain projects where an extract task would run continuously and until it eventually failed, at which point it would be restarted and run once more until it failed. Without producing anything, days or even weeks passed. One must divide the extract process into two simpler steps in order to overcome the challenges of working with large amounts of data. Response time for queries. the interval between when the query is conducted and when the data starts to be returned. It is pertinent that effort arrival for ETL Operations for Data Marts and DWH projects in terms of Function Points which is a scientific way is essential. In the last paper, I have talked about general System Characteristics to arrive at Value Adjustment Factor. In this paper, I came up with results. I compared my findings with the conventional FPA on industrial projects in order to evaluate the Function Point Analysis’s suitability for Data Mart projects. I outline the strategy, implementation, and outcomes analysis of this validation in this section.

LEED-CI v4 Projects in Terms of Life Cycle Assessment in Manhattan, New York City: A Case Study

Over the last decade, it has been clearly shown that the same achievements in Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) projects can lead to different life cycle assessments (LCAs). However, the problem of contradictory achievements in LEED and LCA has not yet been resolved. This study aimed to identify and evaluate different strategies for LEED projects using LCAs. Thirty-nine LEED projects with the same characteristics—location and transportation, rating system, rating version, certification level, and space type—were collected and sorted by their energy and atmosphere (EA) category, “optimize energy performance” credit (EAc6) achievement into three equal groups (EALow, EAMedium, and EAHigh, where each group includes 13 LEED projects) to minimize the influence of uncontrolled factors on the LEED project strategy. The author focused on two extreme groups with very different EAc6 credit scores: EALow (13 projects) and EAHigh (13 projects). The groups were compared across LEED categories and credits. Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney and Cliff’s δ test results showed that the EALow and EAHigh groups are associated with high/low achievements in materials-related credits such as “interiors life cycle impact reduction”, “building product disclosure and optimization—material ingredients”, and “low-emitting materials”. As a result, the EALow and EAHigh groups were reclassified into EnergyLow–MaterialsHigh and Energyhigh–MaterialsLow certification strategy groups. In this context, LCAs were used to assess the differences between the two strategies. The results showed that if natural gas was used for operational energy (OE), the EnergyHigh–MaterialsLow strategy showed lower environmental damage compared to the EnergyLow–MaterialsHigh strategy (p = 0.0635); meanwhile, if photovoltaic energy was used for OE, the EnergyLow–MaterialsHigh strategy showed lower environmental damage compared to the EnergyHigh–MaterialsLow strategy (p = 0.0036). The author recommends using the LEED protocol and the LCA method in parallel to better reflect the environmental impact of different certification strategies.

Sustainability indicators to achieve a circular economy: A case study of renewable energy and plastic waste recycling corporate social responsibility (CSR) projects in Thailand

To promote their public image, a growing number of companies have adopted corporate social responsibility (CSR) projects that benefit various social interests. As such, it is imperative to audit the social, environmental, and economic dimensions of CSR projects for their sustainable development. This paper presents an assessment of three CSR projects undertaken by the energy industry (renewable energy) and commercial sector (plastic waste recycling) in Thailand to transition towards the circular economy (CE) business model. A set of CE indicators were selected from the World Business Council for Sustainable Development: WBCSD 2018 European Commission 2018, and British Standard Institution 2017 and compared with the sustainability indicators listed in the ISO 26000:2010 (referenced in the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI): G4 Guidelines). These indicators were established to assess the readiness of companies to implement sustainable CSR projects. The assessment results showed that the CSR projects in the case study were conducive to the CE model, as most of the CE concepts evaluated by the performance indicators were already in place. This study aimed to support the implementation of CSR projects that contribute to adopting a CE business model and determine key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure and monitor CSR projects in terms of their CE concepts. The sustainability KPIs proposed in this study can serve as a set of guidelines to drive CE strategy adoption and allow for the identification of sustainable CSR projects that can simultaneously offer more value creation and satisfaction for all stakeholders, including society and the companies, while reducing environmental impacts. This paper integrates CSR into a CE approach that results in business sustainability and contributes to Sustainability Development Goal (SDG) targets.

Modelling the Clinical and Economic Impacts of Foundation-Funded versus Staff-Driven Quality Improvement Mental Health Strategies

BACKGROUND Employing a valid and reliable clinical measurement system established in 2002 within our regional Child and Adolescent, Addictions, Mental Health, and Psychiatry Program, we have been able to measure the effect of the general service system, a novel pre-admission initial family group session to orient families to treatment, and an acute at home care service deigned to divert admissions from emergency to in-home support rather than inpatient admission. Additionally, the modelled clinical effect and economic impact of two community programs; one school-based mental health literacy program and one primary care physician training and education program focusing on the management of children's mental health problems. In this paper, we present an established clinical measurement system combined with standardized cost evaluation strategy to assess the respective cost/benefit impacts of four service innovations. METHODS The clinical measurement system has been described in detail, as has its role in measuring the impact of community-level training on the quality of referrals. Our financial department developed standardized per diem cost references for levels of care within our system. The cost references permitted comparison of groups that were exposed and unexposed to the system innovations before and after the initiation of service and community innovations. The school-based mental health literacy program was a regional implementation of a national program (https://mentalhealthliteracy.org/). The primary care physician education was an internationally develop program from the United States (https://thereachinstitute.org). The other two projects were accomplished on a somewhat smaller local scale and at lower overall cost. The pre-admission initial family group session was a bottom-up, staff-designed and developed quality improvement project. The acute at home project, while funded by the children’s hospital foundation as were the two national and international projects. the acute at home project was a top-down director-designed project with one manager and a coordinator. RESULTS The four innovations were evaluated employing the same model. In each case the clinical space created by each innovation was measured in terms of the cost saved comparing the same outcomes (re-admission rates and lengths of stay) over comparable time intervals between and within pre/post exposed and unexposed groups, whilst controlling for clinical effects of exposure and time. The clinical measurement system helped determine group effects to ensure that the target groups were comparable within each initiative’s exposed and unexposed groups and were appropriately distinct between initiatives (eg, appropriate clinical groups were served by each initiative). While four projects were different and served somewhat different patient groups, the pre-admission initial family group session was the most cost effective. The physician training program was both effective and cost neutral. The school-based mental health literacy program was the least evaluable due to the direction of implementation and tended to increase referrals rather than create clinical space for more affected youth, as might be expected. The acute at home project successfully diverted less suicidal patients away from inpatient readmission over the evaluation period. DISCUSSION The main implications for mental health policy derives from linking standardized cost and clinical measurement models permitting economic evaluation of system and community level innovations. Pre and post clinical and cost measurements within and between exposed and unexposed groups for each innovation or project permitted estimation of benefits and cost. CONCLUSIONS The projects varied in focus together with the evaluability of each project, yet this provided important information for health system innovation and renewal within the context of fiscal constraint. The ranking of the projects in terms of their overall benefits and costs may guide decision-making where maximum return on investment makes the most sense.

Challenge and Awareness for Implemented Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) in Indonesian Projects

Many projects in Indonesia have implemented new strategies in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Many projects suffered unexpected losses during the COVID-19 pandemic, and conditions were unpredictable. This situation must be considered by all stakeholders participating in a project. Another problem in the implementation of construction is the fragmentation between project participants. Therefore, a strategy is needed in each phase of the project life cycle. In the absence of proper planning, the contractor is the party responsible for bearing the risk associated with this occurrence. Improved project performance is a shared responsibility among owners, contractors, designers, and subcontractors, all of whom need to tap into their own sources of creativity and innovation. The potential of partnering as a tool for achieving lean construction performance, it is still in its infancy as a means of enhancing project outcomes. In this study, we used qualitative methods and in-depth interviews enhanced by focus group discussions of 14 experts (owners, designers, contractors, and academics) using the Delphi method. The results illustrate the maturity of partnering in integrated project delivery (IPD); therefore, its guiding philosophy can be developed and implemented to improve the outcomes of construction projects in terms of cost, quality, schedule, health and safety, and environmental performance. The most important part of this research is related to the implementation of the 17th goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), i.e., partnerships to achieve the goals. This research contributes to a deepening of partnering practices that can drive performance in project implementation.

An Extended Interval Type-2 Fuzzy VIKOR Technique with Equitable Linguistic Scales and Z-Numbers for Solving Water Security Problems in Malaysia

Interval Type-2 Fuzzy VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (IT2FVIKOR) technique is one of the techniques of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making (IT2FMCDM), which was developed to solve problems involving conflicting and multiple objectives. Most of the IT2FVIKOR methods are created from linguistic variables based on Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Set (IT2FS) and its generalization, such as Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Numbers (IT2FNs). Recent literature suggests that equitable linguistic scales can offer a better alternative, particularly when IT2FSs have some limitations in handling uncertainty and imbalance. This paper proposes the extended IT2FVIKOR with an equitable linguistic scale and Z-Numbers, where its linguistic scale introduces an equitable balance of positive and negative scales added to the restriction and reliability approach. Different from the typical IT2FVIKOR, which directly utilizes IT2FNs with a positive membership, the proposed method introduces positive and negative membership where each side considers a restriction and reliability approach. Besides, this paper also offers objective weights using fuzzy entropy-based IT2FS to calculate the weights of the extended IT2FVIKOR. The obtained solutions would help decision makers (DMs) identify the best solution to enhance water security projects in terms of finding the best strategies for water supply security in Malaysia.

Power relations through the market: a Foucauldian critique of the competition law in Iran

ABSTRACT In Foucault’s narrative, neoliberalism is a rationale to delimit government power through certain actions called governmentalisation. This does not mean that individuals are exposed to a despotic state, but a government that warrants laissez-faire and controls through liberty. Central to this act of government is the market in which individuals can freely transact, provided that their conducts comply with the determined disciplines. Governmentality highlights that competition in the market preserves and protects individuals’ interests. However, governmentalisation in developing countries is encapsulated in the concept of good governance. In this case, these governments are encouraged to privatise state-owned enterprises to guarantee a free market while casting off ambitious welfare projects. Iran’s government implemented pseudo neoliberal policies to purportedly unlock the market, while the government is disinclined to lose its authority. This article considers Foucault’s view on governmentality to indicate how Iran’s government governmentalised the market and used competition law to maintain market power. It is argued that Iran’s act of government was a failed project in terms of providing individuals’ freedom while it strengthened well-connected firms.

Update for reactive transport modeling of the Kızıldere geothermal field to reduce uncertainties in the early inspections

The development of carbon capture and storage techniques has become essential to reduce and mitigating CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. CarbFix1 and CarbFix2 projects carried out in Iceland demonstrated that the emissions of waste CO2 gas from geothermal power plants can be captured and mixed with the effluent geofluid and subsequently injected back into the geothermal reservoir. This experience gained in the CarbFix projects expanded into other geothermal fields around Europe, and one of the demonstration sites is the geothermal field in Turkey, Kızıldere. This paper focuses on the results of an updated study on early field evaluations with reactive transport simulations. In the new three-dimensional numerical model, the geological formations and fault zones were updated according to the well-logs data. Based on the tracer tests performed in the field, the anisotropic permeabilities between the wells were evaluated and imposed into the model. Geofluid chemistry, mineral components, and the volume fractions used as input in the simulations are modified depending on the performed laboratory experiments on the metamorphic schists taken from the geothermal site (i.e. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning-electron microscope (SEM), and batch reactor tests). Different thermodynamic databases such as Lawrance Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Thermoddem databases were tested using PHREEQC and TOUGHREACT programs for consistency with experiments. The thermodynamic conditions and the geofluid-rock-CO2 interactions prevent the mineralization of CO2 in the reservoir. This outcome differs from CarbFix projects in terms of the carbonization process, but the CO2 injection is still reliable with solubility-trapping in a geothermal reservoir to partially mitigate the emission. Roughly, 200 kt of CO2 in 10 years can be safely injected into the geothermal reservoir. According to the new analysis, the ratio of magnesium, sodium, and potassium varies in solid solution series of feldspars and clay minerals as albite end-member and montmorillonite/illite end-members, respectively. The evaluations of solid solution reactions are relatively limited in the law of mass action approach used by PHREEQC and TOUGHREACT.

Blockchain-Based Web Certification uses Descriptive Analytics to standardize Data

Certification is an important component for a cryptocurrency project in terms of data security, networks and tokens or coins in the cryptocurrency network to attract investors to invest in a blockchain project. This is what encourages this research to conduct data analysis trials based on descriptive analysis for cryptocurrency project certification. In the data analysis used, the data analysis process includes using a pilot test to test the questionnaire so that the data obtained for testing the Abrar LMS system is maintained and its validity is continued. Pilot test is a test of the reliability and validity of research equipment. Before the survey was distributed to actual respondents, the survey was first tested on students and heads of university study programs. The validity of a test or a series of procedures indicates how well it measures what it is designed to measure. This interest can be proven by the results of respondents who have been analyzed using SPSS to conduct pilot tests, validity tests, and reliability tests. Testing the system on respondents using alpha to test the functionality of the system so that valid results are obtained from the combination of respondent data analysis.

Input-output benefit evaluation of major projects based on DEA

The data envelopment analysis DEA method is used to calculate the input-output ratio of some major projects in terms of annual funds, equipment, fixed assets, personnel, etc., and evaluate the comprehensive benefits and economies of scale of some projects. The analysis results show that there is redundancy in the input of most projects, so the input value can be further optimized. The optimal value and saving value of different input types are calculated for specific projects. This model provides technical support for future major project planning of military construction.

Управление НИОКР в странах ОЭСР: опыт мониторинга результатов

The article deals with the issues related to the monitoring of R&D projects supported by the public funds. In accordance with the current legislation, monitoring of scientific, technical and innovation projects is carried out within the framework of the structural elements of state programs. To conduct monitoring, results, control points and objects of scientific and technical activities should be established. At the same time, however, within the framework of the three forms of financial support for the implementation of R&D projects – grant financing, subsidies for the implementation of public assignments, public procurement – different monitoring methods and procedures are applied. Further, the names of the control points are not linked to the results of projects in terms of technology readiness levels (TRL). Finally, information systems that support the monitoring and evaluation of R&D results are not fully compatible with each other. As a result, the overall effectiveness of monitoring decreases, which leads to delays in making managerial decisions and entails wasteful spending of budget funds. In the leading OECD countries, there is a practice of centralized methodological support of the implementation of R&D and innovation, which provides an unified approach to management of such projects and conjugation of state support at all stages of innovation cycle. Successful project management involves application of such specific management tools as the stage gates model and TRL methodology, which provide effective monitoring of results and flexibility in making management decisions, including the possibility of adjusting the basic parameters of projects at different stages of their implementation. The experience of foreign countries shows that in order to improve the quality and effectiveness of monitoring of R&D projects in Russia, it is necessary to ensure the harmonization of general and sectoral legislation governing the monitoring of the results of research, development and innovation projects, which will ensure the formation of a unified approach within the framework of project management of state programs. It is advisable to extend the rules for monitoring the results of R&D adopted in the system of grant financial support to the systems of public assignment and public procurement in this area of activity, creating conditions for the conjugation of various forms of public support. Finally, it is necessary to improve operation of the existing state information resources for the management of scientific, technical and innovation projects.

ФИНАНСОВОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ПРОЕКТОВ В СФЕРЕ ОБРАЩЕНИЯ С ТВЁРДЫМИ БЫТОВЫМИ ОТХОДАМИ

The purpose of the study is to study and develop a model of financial support for public-private partnership projects created on the example of the sphere of solid municipal waste, which helps to improve the efficiency of property management at all stages of the implementation of partnership projects, which ensures the growth of investment activity in the industry. Research methods - analysis of data on the development of public-private partnership projects in terms of investment, including from private business, in the area of municipal solid waste treatment; assessment of legal acts regulating the formation of financial support and the possibility of implementing projects in all possible contractual forms; method of analysis and synthesis of factors influencing the financing of projects in the field of municipal solid waste management. As a result, an author's model for financing public private partnership projects is proposed based on the choice of an appropriate financing instrument within the framework of various project requirements and implemented state support mechanisms. The allocation of the timing of the project implementation is substantiated, considering the size of the investor's own funds in the context of repayable financing instruments.

Interior Whiteness: Race and the "Rise of the Novel"

Interior Whiteness:Race and the "Rise of the Novel" Sarah Vandegrift Eldridge Critical whiteness studies in the German context has thus far not examined the literature of the Goethezeit with the same detail as the philosophy of the period or literature and culture of later eras. This discipline also frequently draws on foundational work from the Anglo-American context; Julia Roth remarks that "most German texts on Critical Whiteness relate themselves (at least on the margins) to Toni Morrison's publications."1 Indeed, although Toni Morrison's 1992 Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination is concerned specifically with how an "Africanist presence" emerges in and defines literature by white American authors in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, she poses a series of questions and calls for further examination that I see as entirely applicable to other (pre)national literatures and periods as well.2 In her preface, Morrison questions the relationship between race and notions of humanistic or universal literature: "How is 'literary whiteness' and 'literary blackness' made, and what is the consequence of that construction? How do embedded assumptions of racial (not racist) language work in the literary enterprise that hopes and sometimes claims to be 'humanistic?'" (xii–xiii) Later in the text, she offers an explicit series of calls for projects that she views as essential to understanding literary whiteness. Morrison asks, "In what ways does the imaginative encounter with Africanism enable white writers to think about themselves?"3 She then elaborates on this question by outlining multiple areas for future study: We need studies of the ways in which an Africanist character is used to limn out and enforce the invention and implications of whiteness. We need studies that analyze the strategic use of black characters to define the goals and enhance the qualities of white characters. … We need to analyze the manipulation of the Africanist narrative … as a means of meditation—both safe and risky—of one's own humanity.4 Although she couches these projects in terms of a specifically Africanist presence in American literature, I take these needs to apply to racial others in white cultural traditions in other linguistic contexts. I also take them to require attention from white scholars, of whom I am one, as well as BIPOC scholars inside and outside academia—following the lead of Black feminist writers in multiple national traditions, white scholars need to turn a careful eye on white scholarly positioning and practices, as well as white disciplinary [End Page 125] histories.5 In this reflection I outline one avenue for such work in German studies: the conceptions of selfhood emerging in the eighteenth century and still shaping the genre and scholarship of the novel today. In the German context, the discipline of philosophy has undertaken consideration of the question of race in the eighteenth century, perhaps because philosophy makes some of the most explicit claims to universality of the humanistic disciplines.6 Emmanuel Chukwudi Eze traces how Kant insists throughout his anthropological writings that the inherent nature of nonwhite races makes them incapable of full, rational humanity. That is, "for Kant, then, skin color encodes and codifies the 'natural' human capacity for reason and rational talents," and skin color, for Kant is not "merely a physical characteristic," but rather "evidence of an unchanging and unchangeable moral quality."7 Kant's overall conception of human nature means that racial categories and their moral implications are absolute and essential.8 Robert Bernasconi, Jennifer Mensch, and Susan Shell have all built on Eze's work to discuss further details of Kant's racialized anthropology, the relationship between Kant and Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, and the connection between Kant's anthropology and his aesthetics.9 Peggy Piesche also points out that Kant's racial anthropology prompts him to de facto remove whites from his racial hierarchies "and place them in a sort of neutrality"—a supposed neutrality that also marks the white protagonists of literary texts of the later eighteenth century but is still contested in its earlier decades.10 Susan Buck-Morss's Hegel, Haiti, and Universal history argues that in formulating his master-slave relation, Hegel was directly influenced by the Haitian Revolution.11 While...

Assessing the possibility of creating “smart cities” in Khabarovsk Territory and its economic consequences

Current article deals with the problem of territorial development in terms of innovative approaches associated with the integration of the “smart city|” project management systems. The analysis of the basic approaches to the formation of the “smart city” definition has been conducted; the basic tasks assigned to this system from the point of view of the applied process of administration of the basic social and economic processes proceeding in the system of municipal formation have been estimated. The analysis of the main problems of the “smart city” project implementation, typical for any territorial unit regardless of the impact of internal and external environment factors of the innovative project realization has been carried out. The possibility of implementing the “Smart City Khabarovsk” project in terms of the innovative project’s “risk map” was assessed. The analysis of the results of the project for the economy of the municipality, based on the potential specifics of the “smart city” system, its impact on the organization of economic relations, the impact on financial transactions in the Khabarovsk Territory and the city of Khabarovsk, and on the socio-economic activity of the population of the region.

The Historical Semantics of the Contemporary Classical Education Movement

As contemporary classical education continues maturing as a pedagogical tradition, an institutional reality, and an academic tradition, the need has grown to clarify the nature of the project and to understand how it relates to the past. The classical education movement, which seeks to encourage human flourishing by studying and imitating the past, uses an unstable terminology to describe itself. Some speak of a “Renaissance,” others work toward what they call a “Renewal,” and still others conceive of the project in terms of a “Recovery.” In using these terms, contemporary educators and writers, knowingly or not, reenact historiographical debates about the nature of Western culture and embrace differing opinions about the meaning of the term “classical” and consequently, about what period or periods of the past are worthy of imitation. This article seeks to clarify the history of these terms, delineate how the process of cultural emulation works, and encourage classical educators to come to a deeper appreciation of the past as they chart a course for the future of their disciplines.

The Phenomenon of Interactive Regional Television Programs with the Participation of Authorities

The article is devoted to the study of interactive regional television programs based on the dialogue “official — audience”. The growing pressure of state propaganda on federal channels has led to the alienation of society, which is deprived of the opportunity to participate in the discussion of topical issues “on an equal footing” with the authorities. Regular public discourse today is possible only on the regional air. The goal was to study local interactive projects in terms of their social significance and communicative effectiveness. The analysis of the programs of regional and republican television companies broadcasting in the first digital multiplex was carried out. The methods of comparative analysis, observation and systematization, as well as dialectical and logical approach, made it possible to determine the factors influencing the appearance of projects with feedback on the regional air, as well as the patterns that explain their absence. The final data allowed us to come to the conclusion about the decisive role of interactive programs in building effective communication “authority — TV — society” and substantiate the conclusion that local issues that organize the dialogue between the official and the audience contribute to the development of democratic processes in the subjects of the Russian Federation. Such a study and its results are presented in the scientific literature for the first time.

Limits and perspectives of Neighbourhood Sustainable Assessment Tools (NSATS) in sustainable urban design

This paper aims to investigate the role of sustainability protocols at the neighborhood scale (Neighborhood Sustainable Assessment Tools) as possible tools to support the measurement of sustainability to implement effective design strategies for the built environment. Despite that cities and the built environment are at the forefront of achieving the complex goal of sustainable development, there is still a gap regarding what are the most appropriate ways and tools to measure and monitor the performance of urban transformation projects in terms of sustainable development. This difficulty is particularly evident when considering the sustainability paradigm in its Triple Bottom Line acception, which includes social and economic aspects in addition to environmental ones. In fact, while there are many established methodologies to measure the environmental performance of projects, the same cannot be said for the measurement of social and economic aspects, especially from an integrated perspective. Based on these premises, the present research analyzes three of the main NSATs at the European level, comparing them in terms of evaluation model and responsiveness to the main spheres of sustainability in order to trace limitations and perspectives.

Wettability alteration and surfactant adsorption study of methyl ester sulphonate/nano-silica nanofluid on sandstone reservoir rock

This research project set out to investigate low salinity water/Methyl Ester Sulphonate (MES) surfactant/nano-silica synergy to enhance oil recovery from sandstone reservoir. A Series of experimental works, including contact angle measurements (Sessile drop technique) and UV-vis spectrophotometer tests, were conducted to ascertain the effect of the synergy solution on wettability alteration and surfactant adsorption reduction. Results showed that MES surfactant at 750 ppm and 1000 ppm reversed oil-wet sandstone to a water-wet state. Further reduction was observed at low salinity (250 ppm CaCl 2 ) under high pH conditions. The lowest contact angle measured was 18 degrees with the synergy solution of 750 ppm MES and 250 ppm CaCl 2 at high pH conditions. The maximum adsorption capacity was used as criteria to measure surfactant adsorption loss reduction. It was observed that surfactant adsorption capacity reduced from 4.66 mg/g to 0.85 mg/g when 25 ppm nano-silica was added at 70℃ temperature. This shows that the synergy was able to restore wettability to preferable water-wet conditions to support oil recovery and reduce the excessive loss of surfactant to the sandstone reservoir rock. Water-wet wettability condition and surfactant adsorption reduction are beneficial to the c-EOR project in terms of efficient cost savings on the quantity of surfactant usage for the project. At the same time, overall additional oil recovery is greatly improved.

ПРОЕКТНЫЙ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ И РОЛЬ АУТСОРСИНГА В РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ КИНО-ПРОЕКТОВ

The film industry is an extremely large business, which, like any other industry, faces difficulties associated with working in an increasingly globalized world. Studios and independent producers have to fight to ensure that their films occupy a place in the digital world, which is expanding every year. In order for the film to have a chance of success, it is necessary to make hundreds of informed decisions based on daily work at all levels of the operational hierarchy, taking into account economic and social factors. One decision is whether to outsource part of the film-making process to a foreign film crew in another country, for which there are many reasons, but this decision can have a big impact on the project as a whole. In this paper, it is intended to investigate the behavioral effects that outsourcing has during a film project in terms of team dynamics, communication and trust between management and the film crew.

Project success and critical success factors of construction projects: project practitioners’ perspectives

Abstract Project management is primarily practitioner-oriented and loaded with many critical success factors (CSFs), and although these are well-evidenced in theory, they do not deliver as efficiently as factors of interest to project professionals during execution. The present study explores the perceptions of senior project managers (PMs) about project success, CSFs and complexity in large construction projects. Data from project practitioners were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed using content analysis. The participants were selected with convenience sampling method given the complex understanding of the domain and included highly experienced PMs from the global community with expertise in project management. PMs perceive a small number of CSFs in contrast to the large exhaustive CSFs listed in the questionnaire surveys. Though important, traditional constraints of the Iron Triangle are considered inadequate in defining project success. Project professionals are seen as relying more on other performance indicators for defining a project as a success. They perceive complex construction projects in terms of a large number of interfaces, complex working systems and uncertainty. The findings of this paper suggest that project practitioners perceive differently about the CSFs and project success.