Project Revenue Research Articles

Research on Benefit Distribution of Old Residential Area Renovation Projects under the New PPP Mechanism

The introduction of the new PPP mechanism will bring about huge changes in the implementation methods and revenue sources of old residential area renovation PPP projects implemented in the past in China. In order to cope with thechanges brought about by the new PPP mechanism and ensure the smooth implementation of the project, it is necessary to study and explore the scientific and reasonable revenue distribution mechanism for old residential area renovation projects under the new PPP mechanism. Based on the research achievements of predecessors and the characteristics of the project, this paper determines the four indicators of resource input ratio, risk allocation ratio, innovation ability, and community residents' satisfaction as the influencing factors of project revenue distribution, and uses them to revise the initial Shapley value revenue distribution model. The paper then conducts an empirical analysis of the M old residential area renovation project in H City as an example. After the revision, the social capital will receive higher project revenue allocation than the initial allocation value due to its greater resource input, greater risk allocation proportion, stronger innovation ability, and higher community residents' satisfaction, verifying the fairness and rationality of the revenue distribution model constructed in this paper and its ability to motivate the participation entities to improve both the economic and social benefits of the project and promote the successful completion of the project. The research content of this paper can provide ideas for the revenue distribution scheme research of old residential area renovation projects under the new PPP mechanism, and has certain reference value.

Integration of electronic project management software in an investigational drug service pharmacy within an academic medical center.

An investigational drug services (IDS) pharmacy plays a vital role in supporting clinical trial research by ensuring the safe and efficient management of investigational products. This article describes the implementation of an electronic project management software to improve an IDS pharmacy's study protocol work. The article describes the implementation of the software and how this approach addressed specific challenges, including project oversight, process standardization, documentation, reporting, accountability, and intrateam communication. We describe an electronic project management software system used to streamline and standardize the work associated with study protocols. This software provides an organized and customizable workspace to manage tasks associated with each study protocol. The software automates task creation, tracks progress, and ensures comprehensive record keeping. Additionally, the software fosters effective communication within the team and offers real-time reporting to assess team productivity and progress. We have observed improved consistency, enhanced revenue, including approximately $18,000 in additional fee capture, and increased collaboration among pharmacy team members. Implementing an electronic project management software has proven highly beneficial in the IDS pharmacy. The software has significantly improved workflow efficiency by addressing challenges in study protocol management. While initial setup and training required time and resources, the long-term benefits in project oversight, collaboration, and revenue capture justify the investment. An electronic project management software is a valuable tool in managing the complexity of study protocol activities and supports the pharmacy's crucial role in advancing clinical research.

A Study on the Driving Factors of Carbon Neutralization Behavior in Construction Enterprises Based on a Structural Equation Model

The carbon-neutral behavior of building construction companies is a key issue in carbon-neutral research worldwide. However, little is known about the willingness of construction firms to segregate and recycle construction waste. After studying a large amount of literature, this study finally focused on combining various statistical methods based on constructing a structural equation model of the drivers of carbon-neutral behaviors of construction enterprises to collect and analyze the attitudes and opinions of building construction enterprises on resource utilization management. The results of the study show that the willingness of construction enterprises to manage the separate disposal and utilization of construction waste is mainly influenced by perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived risk drivers. The degree of influence was 0.36 for perceived usefulness, 0.26 for perceived risk, and 0.24 for perceived ease of use, with increasing project revenue having the greatest influence on firms’ willingness; resource cost having the least degree of influence on firms’ willingness; and subjective norms and perceived behavioral control having a non-significant influence on behavioral intentions. It further suggests that an increase in project revenue and a decrease in project cost may motivate construction firms to implement carbon-neutral projects. This study may provide a theoretical framework and research direction for construction enterprises to formulate policies for the classification and disposal of construction waste and recycling management.

Estimating Investment Project Revenue and Expenditure in Telecommunication Sector

The article studies the process of estimating investment project revenue and expenditure in telecommunication sector, illustrated by the public company ‘MTS’: key technologies of data transfer, their correlation with frequencies, structure of expenses on network building, approaches to estimation of project revenue. The author identified types of investment projects in view of different approaches to their evaluation: qualitative projects, which do not cause direct rise in profits and quantitative ones, whose estimation is possible by present value of cash flows. Advantages and drawbacks of the current approach to estimation of ‘MTS’ projects were formulated. The article shows technical and economic indices that can impact project efficiency and seriously change its recoupment. The author proposes to include costs of the network development not only of the access level but also of the level of aggregation and network core; to extend the horizon of planning network quality indices for the whole period of the project; to take into account costs of the future extension of network capacity during project implementation; to carry out modernization of the equipment in case of its technical support termination and output of components. With regard to discontinuity of network modernization steps it is necessary to account for the effect of growing quality of services above the target indicators.

Driving Factors of Concession Period in Healthcare Public Private Partnerships

Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) play a vital role in infrastructure development and public service delivery, with government entities collaborating with private sector organizations to achieve shared goals in the long term. An essential aspect of PPP contracts is the concession period, during which Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) are responsible for financing, building, operating, and maintaining public assets. The concession period has significant implications, associated with project risk, revenue, operations expenses, profitability, and bankability. While numerous studies focus on determining “optimal” concession periods, fewer explore the factors driving concession periods in national PPP programs, especially for social infrastructure projects relying primarily on availability payments. To fill this gap, this research aims to identify and analyze the effect of various potential factors on the length of the concession period, using linear regression analysis on a data set of healthcare PPP projects in Italy. This research theoretically contributes to understanding the driving factors of concession periods in PPP projects and provides insights for a balanced approach to PPP project planning and regulation and related strategies. On the practical side, decision makers can negotiate optimized concession periods, ensuring successful and sustainable public infrastructure projects.

The Mechanism and Countermeasures of the Impact of State Subsidy Backslide on the Efficiency of Waste-to-Energy Enterprises—A Case Study in China

The scientific investment decision model of waste incineration power generation is helpful in providing a scientific basis for the government and environmental protection enterprises to formulate reasonable waste prices. The waste incineration power generation project revenue and cost composition framework, based on the project net present value of factors affecting causality analysis, the construction of a waste incineration power generation PPP project net present value system dynamics model, and the use of Vensim PLE software, version 7.3.5, combined with the garbage power generation of listed companies, was built, and we put into use the enterprise’s financial data and the author’s research of the case of the BOT (Build–Operate–Transfer) project data to examine the validity of the model test, simulation, and sensitivity analysis. The results show that the regression of a national subsidy does not necessarily lead to a price adjustment of the waste disposal fee, and when a change in tariff subsidy occurs, the loss brought by the reduction in a feed-in tariff can be compensated by increasing the income from carbon sinks, decreasing the intensity of investment through technological advancement, improving the coefficient of waste power generation through garbage classification, and increasing the utilization of production capacity through the treatment of multiple wastes in a single or a combination of ways.

SUPERVISION OF BAITUL MAL WAAT TAMWIL SHARIA FINANCIAL SERVICES COOPERATION IN IMPROVING COMMUNITY MICRO BUSINESS


 
 
 Constraints in implementing financing and insufficient cash to meet the needs of KJKS BMT customers in developing their micro-businesses in the Lubuk Lintah community, Padang City, are the background of this research. The cause of the cash shortage is due to problem loans. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Based on the results of research on KJKS BMT, Lubuk Leetah Village, it was found: (1) Determination of monitoring and measurement tools (standards) for improving community micro businesses in Lubuk Leetah Village, Kuranji District. According to the measuring tool (standard) developed by the Padang City Cooperative Service for KJKS BMT Lubuk Lintah Village, namely evaluating by looking at and identifying problems in developing the implementation of the plan, includes several performance benchmarks, including: number of project sites, investment funds, non-performing loans , Revenue and Membership. (2) Evaluation of KJKS BMT supervision to improve community micro businesses in Lubuk Lintah Village. The assessment was carried out under the guidance of KJKS BMT Lubuk Lintah Sub- District for the progress of micro-enterprises in the Lubuk Lintah community, before the RAT was implemented. RAT discusses how to deal with financing issues, what is the income at the end of the year. (3) Carry out corrective actions to improve supervision of KJKS BMT in improving community micro businesses in Lubuk Lintah Village. Take corrective actions so that KJKS BMT Lubuk Lintah Subdistrict does not continue to make deviations in its activities.
 
 

Research on Cooperative Evolutionary Game of Design and Construction Consortium of Green Building Project under Design Change

In recent years, with the country’s vigorous promotion of green buildings and the increasingly complex and large-scale engineering projects, the design-construction consortium model can better meet the needs of the organization and implementation of large-scale green projects and become a realistic choice for enterprises in project implementation. Therefore, the formation of a good and stable cooperative relationship between consortium members is increasingly important in improving project revenue and quality. The issue of maintaining the stability of consortium relationships is an urgent problem to be solved at this stage. As such, a three-party evolutionary game model, based on evolutionary game theory, comprising the developer unit, design unit, and construction unit, is constructed here. Then, strategies for ensuring evolutionary stability under different design modalities are discussed. Finally, the influence of relevant parameters under changing design conditions on the stability of the design and construction consortium of green building projects is analyzed through numerical simulation. The research results show the following: (1) If the additional revenue distribution coefficient within the consortium members is closer to 0.5, the influence on the stability of the design and construction consortium will be smaller; in contrast, if the influence on the design and construction consortium is increased, the cooperative relationship within the consortium will be more unstable. (2) The presence of additional revenue ∆π1 can increase the stability of the design and construction consortium. An increase in the additional revenue ∆π1 will inhibit the instability of the consortium on the one hand and strengthen the stability of the consortium on the other but will also lead to the occurrence of opportunistic behavior. (3) The construction unit’s payment of a subsidy to the cooperative members can help promote the stability of the design and construction consortium to a certain extent and can also weaken the effects of other factors on the stability of the consortium, but there is a threshold value for the amount of said subsidy. (4) On the one hand, the cooperation members actively cooperate with each other to maximize the cooperation benefits of the design and construction consortium, while on the other hand, the construction unit actively promotes the implementation of the green building project, strictly monitors the implementation of the green design and green construction approach by the design and construction units in the early and implementation stages of the project, prevents the design changes caused by the final product failing to meet the green building standard, and actively solves design change problems in a manner that benefits the sustainable development of the green building, so that the cooperative relationship among the members of the consortium can develop steadily, which is beneficial to the green and ecological development of architectural design and construction.

The Use of Social Media for Infrastructure Developer Company: Study of a New Revenue Stream

The culture of business construction, which currently focuses on winning new project tenders and revenue based on terms, is significantly affected when activity restrictions occur. What happened during the pandemic in 2019 noting that 25% of construction companies could not survive the pandemic. As a result, various innovations need to be deployed to save the business from bankruptcy, so that new revenue streams are needed outside of the ongoing business, one of which is the development of social media. Social media has an increasingly prominent role in impact interactions, and it has been proven that this sector does not experience a decline when almost all sectors are bad in the pandemic era. This research will examine how social media can have an impact on the construction industry, not only increasing participation and driving public opinion but can also be a new revenue stream for companies. This research will focus on companies engaged in toll road infrastructure developer in Indonesia. The case study was designed to combine both qualitative and quantitative methods. The results show that the use of social media in infrastructure development businesses that focus on corporate branding can be developed into a new revenue stream with a content focus, namely project progress, educational shows, and the use of technology impact the influence and awareness.

Engineering and Financial Feasibility of Residential Housing Using Greenship Rating Tool Parameters

Green building aims to reduce environmental effect by improving indoor air quality for households and the community. Green buildings use the Greenship Rating Tools evaluation standards to accomplish environmentally sustainable residential development. Purpose of the study: The most important part of this thesis is to do a engineering and financial preliminary study before the construction of houses. Methods: Three home types (48/66, 70/84, and 80/112) will be used to generate Malang Residential Home data for this project. On the basis of BBC, BFC, and GBC, the technical viability will be assessed. The NPV, BCR, IRR, and PBP will be utilized to establish the project's financial viability. Variations in capital proportion, as well as increases or decreases in project revenue and outcome, would all be included when calculating sensitivity. Results: Between 60% and 75% of the BBC's technical feasibility has been determined, whereas BFC is between 0.60 and 1%, and GBC is larger than 10%. To put Malang Residential Housing in the silver level, IDR 1,382,745,228 was the NPV, with a BCR of 1.02, an IRR of 59.75 percent, and a PBP of one year and six months. It was concluded that the project was viable based on the sensitivity of the project's income and results to its viability.
 Keywords: Greenship Rating Tool, Engineering Feasibility, Financial Preliminary Study

Analysis of the Choice of Return Mechanism of PPP Model in Rural Human Settlement Improvement under the Rural Revitalization Strategy: Research Based on the Perspective of Evolutionary Game

The improvement of rural human settlement environment is a significant direction of the rural revitalization strategy. Based on the finite rational evolutionary game theory, a cooperative behavior evolutionary game model of rural human settlement environment improvement PPP model with local government, social capital and rural residents as the main game players with the reward mechanism of Government Payment and one with the reward mechanism of Viability Gap Funding are constructed. Comparing the total project revenue of two reward mechanisms, the thesis will obtain the effects of choosing the reward mechanism of rural human settlement improvement PPP. Finally, available suggestions are made to the decision of the reward mechanism of PPP project about rural human settlement environment, thus promoting the application and development of PPP in rural environmental management and to promote sustainable improvement of rural habitat improvement.

Potential Assessment of 80 kW Floating Solar Photovoltaic System (FSPV) at Kaptai lake, Bangladesh

Based on the massive amount of electricity generated, the world's lifestyle and economy have greatly expanded. However, due to the scarcity of fossil fuels, the provision of power is under pressure in this country. Renewable energy provides an exception at this point, and solar energy—among all the renewable energy sources—plays a prominent role because it is environmentally friendly and indestructible. The cost and accessibility of land, however, poses a significant obstacle to the construction of land-based, large-scale solar power plants in Bangladesh. In a riverine nation like Bangladesh, a floating solar photovoltaic system offers a solution with a lot more possibilities. This research will outline the potential for floating solar photovoltaic systems in Bangladesh's Kaptai lake area and discuss feasible investigations with location prospect, FSPV costs, project revenue, environmental aspects and further research opportunities. The potential investigation for the establishment of FSPV based on financial parameters will be validated in this paper using RET-screen energy management software.

Potential for Energy Utilization of Air Compression Section Using an Open Absorption Refrigeration System

In this paper, an open absorption refrigeration system is proposed to recover part of the waste compression heat while producing cooling capacity to further cool the compressed air itself. The self-utilization of the compression waste heat can significantly reduce the energy consumption of air compression, and hence increase the energy efficiency of the cryogenic air separation unit. To illuminate the energy distribution and energy conversion principle of the open absorption refrigerator-assisted air compression section, a thermodynamic model is built and the simulation work conducted based on a practical triple-stage air compression section of a middle-scale cryogenic air separation unit. Our results indicate that the energy saving ratio is mainly constrained by the distribution of the cooling load of compressed air, which corresponds to the heat load of the generator and cooling capacity of the evaporator in the open absorption refrigerator. The energy saving ratio ranges from 0.52–8.05%, corresponding to the temperature range of 5–30 °C and humidity range of 0.002–0.010 kg/kg. It is also estimated, based on the economic analysis, that the payback period of the open absorption refrigeration system is less than one year, and the net project revenue during its life cycle reaches USD 5.7 M, thus showing an attractive economic potential.

Techno‐economic evaluation of a process for the transformation of VitAto sweet potato into value‐added products

AbstractVitAto is a popular orange sweet potato (SP) variety in Malaysia that is easy to grow, produces a large yield, and contains more nutritional components. VitAto flour is a significant ingredient in a variety of food compositions; nevertheless, establishing a cost‐effective process design is critical. Five potential process scenarios were built using the SuperPro Designer simulator, with a VitAto plant capacity of 4,000 kg/h and additional income from byproducts such as VitAto juice and VitAto protein. Purchasing cost (PC), capital expenditure (CAPEX), operating expenditure (OPEX), and net present value (NPV) were used to compare the suggested projects in order to find the most efficient and profitable ones. The alternate procedure for producing VitAto juice yields a higher NPV (US$ 13,830,000–US$ 13,867,000/year). According to the data, VitAto juice is the most profitable product, accounting for 52–60% of overall project revenue. As a result, implementing a process with water recycling and byproducts revenue can be a more profitable and long‐term project that will benefit Malaysia's low‐ and middle‐income rural areas.Practical ApplicationsViTAto's current applicability is primarily for traditional meals. It has been recognized that it has a lot of potential in the cookie and baking industries. The VitAto must be turned into flour after harvesting to enable for longer storage. Designing a modernized VitAto flour processing facility with a wastewater treatment facility (process water recycling) is costly and keeping the flour price low is difficult. Therefore, comparing different process design configurations and conducting a techno‐economical study is critical. It is thought that incorporating byproducts into the production process can boost project revenue. As a result, it would benefit farmers in rural areas where VitAto could be marketed at a competitive price. The manufacturing process also produces compostable biomass, which farmers can use in their planted fields. This mutually beneficial relationship between farmers and millers is critical for enhancing their quality of life while also benefiting the environment.

Design of Social Responsibility Incentive Contracts for Stakeholders of Megaprojects under Information Asymmetry

Social responsibility is essential to the sustainable development of megaprojects. A transparent and symmetrical information-sharing mechanism is an important guarantee for promoting megaproject stakeholders to fulfill their social responsibilities and improve project efficiency. Aiming at the problems of megaproject subcontractors concealing social responsibility information, which leads to unsmooth information channels and low project efficiency, this paper compares and analyzes the single-stage revenue-sharing model under symmetric and asymmetric information from the perspective of incentive contract design. Then, a two-stage incentive contract with multiple indicators under asymmetric information is designed using principal-agent theory. The research results show that the social responsibility effort level of the general contractor and the total project revenue is positively correlated with the input–output ratio, and is negatively correlated with the degree of information opacity of the subcontractor’s social responsibility. Incentive contracts with multiple indicators in stages can effectively encourage subcontractors to disclose social responsibility information, and reduce information asymmetry, therefore enhancing social responsibility and improving overall project efficiency. This research transforms the research on the social responsibility of megaprojects from qualitative to quantitative. The research results provide theoretical methods and decision-making basis for megaproject general contractors to encourage subcontractors to improve social responsibility.

Preventing Environmental Disasters in Investment under Uncertainty

AbstractThe paper considers a firm that has the option to invest in a project with an unknown profitability, which is affected by general market uncertainty. The project has the adverse effect that it can cause environmental damage. In case the firm has the option to undertake preventive investment at the time of market entry, we get that preventive investment is significant when (i) the project revenue is large, (ii) the environmental incidents potentially cause a huge reduction of firm value, and (iii) when preventive investment substantially decreases the probability of environmental damage occurrence. The optimality of such a preventive investment results in a significant delay of the project investment. When the firm has the possibility to invest in the project first and do the preventive investment later, this will accelerate the project investment and will result in a larger preventive investment when it indeed will decide to do that one later.

Decision Making on Government Subsidy for Highway Public-Private Partnership Projects in China Using an Iteration Game Model

Government subsidy is an important responsibility of fiscal expenditure in public-private partnership (PPP) projects. However, an improper subsidy strategy may cause over-compensation or under-compensation. In this research, an iteration game model combining game theory and real option is established to describe the periodic decision-making process. The strategy game model is applied to characterize the behavioral interactions between stakeholders, and the real option theory is used to predict the project performance under the influence of their decisions. Besides, two new indicators, the efficiency of fund (SE) and the total extra cost paid by the private sector (ME), are proposed to evaluate the extra project revenue caused by each unit of the subsidy and the incentive effects of the subsidy. Consequently, the preliminary results indicate that a periodic and iterative negotiations regarding the subsidy will effectively improve the efficiency of fund compared to the traditional way. The results also show that it is important for the public sector to give incentives, encouraging the private sector to make more efforts on the project, rather than merely providing fund support. Further study will focus on more detailed and complicated behaviors of stakeholders based on the model proposed in this paper.

Toward global comparability in renewable energy procurement

<h2>Summary</h2> Prices from the competitive procurement of renewable energy are increasingly used for the comparative evaluation of financial and technology performance. Comparing prices from auctions or power-purchase agreements at their face value is often not meaningful, particularly across jurisdictions or over time. Differences in support regimes and the market, tax, and regulatory environment can make a like-for-like comparison convoluted and result in misleading conclusions. Here, we estimate project revenue and value holistically for eight global offshore wind projects. Using a cash flow model, we consider applicable support regimes; market sales; and the monetized value of tax incentives, depreciation, and transmission. We find considerable variation in the absolute levels and relative composition of project revenue and value, which must be considered for deducting costs from procurement prices. The resulting metric enables decision makers and research to compare the total cost of procurement on an equal footing and supplements established cost metrics.

Implementasi Metode Persentase Penyelesaian untuk Pengakuan Pendapatan pada Perusahaan Jasa Konstruksi

This study examines the application of the percentage of completion method in revenue recognition in construction service companies, which is a sector with high complexity in revenue accounting. The percentage of completion method is used to record construction project revenue based on the extent to which the project has been completed, as an alternative to the complete completion method which may not accurately reflect the actual condition of the project. In this study, we analyze the effectiveness and challenges in applying this method with a focus on the accuracy of financial reporting and its impact on the company's income statement. The research method uses a case study approach by analyzing data from several construction companies that apply the percentage of completion method. The results show that this method can improve the accuracy of revenue recognition and provide a more realistic picture of project performance. However, challenges such as inaccurate cost estimates and changes in project scope remain issues that must be addressed. This research provides insights for construction companies and stakeholders in understanding the benefits and constraints of the percentage-of-completion method for more transparent and accurate revenue recognition.

Risk and Income Evaluation Decision Model of PPP Project Based on Fuzzy Borda Method

In order to effectively analyze the risk-return decision-making model of PPP project by Yuan et al., (2020) this paper, based on the fuzzy Borda method and synergy effect theory, considers the synergistic effect of PPP project, constructs the model of investment risk sharing, incentive, and supervision punishment, and determines the investment risk sharing, incentive, and PPP project investment. This paper also aims to supervise and punish the decision-making mechanism to achieve the goals of the PPP project. The research results show that the increased synergy of project participants not only reduces the impact of investment risk on project revenue but also promotes project participants to increase their willingness to undertake risks, actively undertake project risks, and achieve synergy effects of PPP projects. Through the cooperation of both parties, the total income of PPP projects is increased. The research results show that the government chooses social capital participants with complementary advantages to form synergy as shown by Jiang et al. (2016); with the increase of synergy, the government needs to increase the incentive intensity, improve the performance behavior of social capital participants as proposed by Junlong et al. (2020), curb their speculation, and promote the two sides. Due to the increased synergy and the willingness of social capital participants to increase cooperation and reduce speculation, the government should reduce the intensity of supervision and punishment.