Economic Development Programs Research Articles

Challenges and limits of teaching English as a foreign language for economic returns and employability in Algeria

This study is driven by the fact that English is welcomed everywhere for economic purposes. Algeria, like many countries, has taken several measures towards improving the English language as part of broad economic development programs. However, Algeria’s investment in English has little impact on the country's economy and individuals’ potential for employment. Research to explore the reasons behind such problems and thus provide myriad suggestions is scarce. Therefore, our primary goal in this work is to provide insights into the challenges and the existing gaps associated with the provision of English language skills as a drive for Algeria’s economic advantages. This study uses a content analysis method that relies on local academic library resources and reports from foreign consultancies and organizations, which have been conducted to identify some common features pertaining English teaching and learning situation in Algeria. The findings constructed from our analysis revealed several gaps that thwart the teaching of English as a driving force for Algeria's economic advantages due to various reasons, detailed in the research. Keywords: Economy; English; English as a foreign language; employability.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ МЕХАНИЗМА ФИНАНСОВОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Financial policy plays a significant role in the development of the national economy of the state. It covers all spheres of public relations, and its main task is to provide financial resources for the implementation of programs of economic and social development of the state. The development and implementation of an effective national financial strategy helps maintain balance in the economic system, counteract negative trends and actively support the moderniza- tion of the national economy. This article discusses financial policy and its importance in the use of financial resources. The content of the elements of financial policy is described, as well as the composition of goals and objectives is deter- mined. Various directions of financial policy are analyzed and its implementation in the national economy of the state is investigated. Special attention is paid to the efficiency and rationality of the use of financial resources, and the current state of the state’s financial policy is described.

Forming of a new “low-carbon” model of ecological development

The evolution of the development of the “low-carbon” economy concept, its concept as a new model of the economic development and ecological regulation is considered in this article. The scientific research allowing to open the main mechanisms and methods as well as to classify the indicators of resource and energy efficiency and to reveal the key factors of forming of “low-carbon” economy is studied. The relevant trends of “low-carbon” economy are systematized. The relevance of the article is in the fact that the development of “low-carbon” economy in the conditions of serious transformations of power industry and the whole economy, is the main lever of gradual transition to the ecological civilization, providing interaction and coordination of economic, social and ecological aspects. According to the results of the conducted research the conclusions which can help with forming of the programmes of economic development, projects of optimization of resource-and energy efficiency, actions for elimination of negative influences on the ecological sphere, are created.

Study on prediction and influencing factors of energy consumption in Jiangxi province

This study aims to determine the main factors affecting energy consumption in Jiangxi Province, and to forecast energy consumption effectively. An indicator system of energy consumption influencing factors containing 17 variables is constructed from 4 aspects of economy, society, technology and energy. Based on relevant data from 1996 to 2021, conduct comprehensive analysis and select 10 main factors. Establish three energy consumption prediction models: multiple regression model (MLR), time series model (ARIMA), and support vector regression (SVR). Evaluate the prediction performance through mean square error (MSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and goodness of fit (R2). The main influencing factors of energy consumption are determined as GDP, output value of the tertiary industry, industrial output value, residents’ consumption level, fixed assets investment of the whole society, total population, urbanization rate, internal expenditure of R&D funds, energy intensity, and energy consumption structure. The best prediction model is SVR model. It provides a basis for the effective formulation of energy policies and the implementation of economic development programs.

Змістові характеристики та особливості інвестиційної привабливості роздрібної торгівлі

The article updates the issues of providing retail trade entities with investments, including in conditions of instability caused by the consequences of the full-scale war. The purpose of the study is to generalize and further develop the content characteristics and features of the investment attractiveness of the retail trade industry. The approaches of leading scientists regarding the definition of the substantive characteristics of the concept of "investment attractiveness" are summarized. The author's definition of the concept of "investment attractiveness of the retail industry" as a combination of institutional, economic, organizational, psychological and other conditions that provide incentives for increasing volumes and improving the structure of investments is substantiated and provided. It was concluded that during the formation and implementation of the State policy in this area, the peculiarities of the functioning and development of retail trade should be taken into account. The specifics of retail trade are determined in accordance with the leading macroeconomic functions of this industry – exchange of labor results for money, satisfaction of consumer needs for goods and services, impact on the balancing of the internal market and socioeconomic development, stimulation of the development of the production and consumption sectors. In accordance with the specified functions of retail trade, the features of the investment attractiveness of this branch of the national economy have been determined. Among them are the high capacity of the domestic market, developed production sector, transport and logistics infrastructure, high quality of life and purchasing power of the population, access to transport and logistics infrastructure, implementation of local economic development programs, effective economic policy of import substitution, development of local integrated systems, presence of competition and free market, cooperation of trade and subjects of the consumer services system, cooperation with the IT sector, activation of the consumer lending segment.

ANALYTICAL RESEARCH OF THE RESULTS OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION BY THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES OF KRYVIY RIH AND STRATEGIC GOALS OF ITS ACHIEVEMENT

Objective. The objective of the study is the substantiation of the goals and principles of state programs of regional development, the identification of influencing factors on the process of developing programs of socio-economic development of the city of Kryvyi Rih, and the development of strategic directions for the effective and efficient implementation of regional development programs. Methods. When preparing the article, general and special methods of scientific research are used, in particular, the method of retrospective analysis and synthesis - to generalize the main theoretical approaches to the formation and implementation of the local socio-economic development program and the order of its development; dialectical method - for a comprehensive study of relations between state administrations and local authorities; graphoanalytical – for a schematic representation of the theoretical and practical provisions of the research; method of system analysis - to determine the priority directions of reforming the socio-economic development program by the local authorities of a specific territorial community. Results. The definition of «local program of economic and social development» is studied, in particular according to the term, as well as the concepts of «regional development program» and «budget programs», which are closely related to the local program of socio-economic development. It is proved that the principles of development of local socio-economic development programs are defined as the expected achievements based on the results of the implementation of a complex of interrelated tasks and measures aimed at solving the most important issues of the development of the united territorial community. Analytical studies of the results of the implementation of the Social Protection Program for certain categories of Kryvyi Rih residents and the dynamics of the total amount of funding under this program for 2018-2022 are out. It is determined that in order to implement the measures of the Program for the Perspective Development of Education in Kryvyi Rih for 2019-2024, free meals are provided to pupils and children from large families in general education institutions of the city, children from student families in preschool institutions of the city, children whose parents were involved or killed or went missing as a result of the events in the East of Ukraine. It is noted that culture, the financing of which is provided for by the legislation of Ukraine from the local budget, is of no less importance for the development of Kryvyi Rih in the humanitarian sphere.. Special attention is paid to the Program for the reimbursement of part of the loans provided by the association of co-owners of apartment buildings and housing and construction cooperatives for the implementation of energy-efficient measures in the housing sector for 2016-2023. It is emphasized that for the purpose of social support of all categories of citizens of Ukraine who are in the territory of the Kryvyi Rih urban territorial community, during the period of martial law in Ukraine, and to increase their social security, free travel in public municipal public transport is introduced in the city. It should be noted that the Strategic Development Plan of the city of Kryvyi Rih for the period until 2025 has been approved at the local level, based on a transformational version of the city's development, which reflects the focus on supporting the positive development vector of all spheres of the city's life, innovative renewal and diversification of the economy. It is emphasized that the chosen Strategy provides for the provision of coordinated joint actions of local executive bodies and local self-government bodies in the conditions of a military/post-war state in order to implement a unified state policy for the development of Ukraine at the district level. The authors formulate strategic directions for effective and efficient implementation of Kryvyi Rih Socio-Economic Development Program for 2023-2025 based on the principles of developing local socio-economic development programs, namely: decentralization of management; development of interregional cooperation; implementation of a system for identifying and assessing priority social problems of a certain territory; optimization of state management structures and procedures; implementation of an active resource strategy by bodies of executive power and local self-government; promotion of public activity and development of various forms of self-organization of the population; raising the level of social culture and education of employees of state administration and local authorities, deputies of all levels.

Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keberlanjutan Konflik Antara Monjok dan Karang Taliwang: Perbedaan Identitas dan Perbedaan Sektor Ekonomi

Differences in identity, encompassing culture, language, and ethnicity, can trigger conflicts, as seen between Monjok and Karang Taliwang. Economic inequality generates dissatisfaction and injustice, further exacerbating ongoing conflicts. The researcher employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, utilizing two data sources: primary data obtained through direct interviews and secondary data gathered from literature reviews in various sources such as journals, online articles, and scholarly works related to the topic. Based on the research findings, differences in identity and economic inequality emerge as root causes of sustained conflict. Therefore, the researcher employed several approaches, including social conflict theory, social identity theory, and the concept of economic disparity, to explore these issues. The results indicate that comprehensive efforts from various stakeholders, especially policymakers, are needed for reconciliation, including promoting cross-cultural understanding, reducing economic inequality, implementing collaborative economic development programs, and building connections between conflicting groups.

Buying-selling Coffee and Noken as a Way of Proclaiming the Gospel

The focus of this research is to answer the question of how the Gospel is preached to people who are Indigenous Papuans in the Modio Parish. This research was made by being directly involved in the inculturation effort. This research uses a qualitative method by carrying out a process of participatory observation and involvement as ‘insiders,’ and the data is analyzed phenomenologically hermeneutics. The results obtained from this research are preaching the Gospel through efforts to develop the people’s economy based on the reality of the people’s attachment to the land and its forest products, especially by buying-selling coffee and noken. The people are involved in this economic development program with enthusiasm because this effort has answered their longing for salvation in accordance with the challenges of everyday life.

Avoiding Man-made Disasters using Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)-Strategy: Case of Namma Metro, Bengaluru

The use of private cars and vehicles clogs the roads and leads to accidents, congestion and road rage which are man-made disasters. One of the most important urban planning techniques to avoid disaster and to develop livable, productive and sustainable communities is Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), strong transit infrastructure, diverse land uses, higher-density development, walkable urban design, bicycle-friendly amenities, affordable housing and creative parking management which are just a few of the many components that make up TOD. These elements support the transition from car-centric urban design to more equitable and sustainable community development. Zoning and land use regulations, public-private partnerships, transit enhancements, community involvement, design principles, economic development programs, affordable housing policies, green and sustainable design techniques and the creation of TOD-specific zoning districts are some of the tactics used to implement TOD. The goal of these tactics is to develop thriving, economically sound communities that are oriented around effective public transit networks. For successful implementation of TOD projects, a detailed study at the city level, area level and nodal level has to be carried out. In this study, two metro stations at MG Road and Indiranagar, Bengaluru, India are considered and have been studied at baseline level for checking and considering TOD implementation based on the scoring method. Scoring based on primary data, spatial data and a revised master plan of Bengaluru has been carried out. Both the stations have obtained a score of 80% and 88% respectively. The score indicates that both stations are likely to consider and implement the TOD at this nodal level.

Effectiveness of Village Fund Management in Economic and Infrastructure Development

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of village funds for economic and infrastructure development in Salletto Village. The research method used was a qualitative research method which was taken using the results of interviews conducted with informants namely the Village Head, Village Secretary, Head of General Planning, Hamlet Head and the Community. Data collection methods used are observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the research obtained are that the Salletto Village Economic and Infrastructure Development program has been running quite well when viewed from three indicators of effectiveness starting from the planning indicator where a development program must exist and on time. Implementation indicators where the program planning results from deliberation meetings must be implemented. And the third indicator is monitoring and evaluation where the village government must be able to control the development being carried out so that it can find out whether the development is in accordance with the provisions or not.

Do credit unions contribute to financial inclusion and local economic development? Empirical evidence from Poland

Financial inclusion is currently on the political agenda of many governments and international institutions as an unavoidable objective of territorial cohesion and economic development programs. It is also central to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). For their part, the role of credit unions as agents of local economic development and their commitment to the provision of financial services in regions subject to unfavorable demographic and economic stress has been verified by various studies. However, this article examines the contribution of credit unions to the processes of financial inclusion and economic development in Poland under a regional analysis approach. For this purpose, spatial analysis method is applied to a sample of 3,556 credit union bank branches representative of all Polish voivodeships to determine the distribution of these branches. Then, a model based on the research of Di Pietro (2016) and Coccorese and Shaffer (2018) is estimated to assess the impact of credit unions on the endogenous economic development of the territory. The obtained results suggest that credit unions have a significant influence on the local economic development of Polish voivodeships and contribute to the financial inclusion in these regions.

“Greening” the National Growth: How Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) Collaborates with Indonesia in 2014-2020

With its natural richness, Indonesia is not immune from environmental, economic, and social problems. Indonesia remains facing the problem of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and environmental degradation resulting from economic activities caused by business-as-usual (BaU) activities. Therefore, Indonesia has developed a framework for a green growth program for national economic development with the Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) since 2014. GGGI is an international organization that is specifically concerned about green growth at the global level. The Green Growth Concept was agreed upon at the 2005 Asia Pacific ministerial meetings in Seoul, South Korea. Indonesia also ratified the agreements to implement this green growth concept at the national level. This research elaborates on how GGGI, as a global actor, collaborates with Indonesia to develop the green growth framework. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method with secondary data collection through literature, which will discuss GGGI's efforts to help implement the green growth program in Indonesia in 2014-2020. The case study is analyzed through the Management Approach, Normative Approach, and Enforcement Approach approaches. Through these three approaches, GGGI has succeeded in assisting Indonesia in implementing green growth in Indonesia in 2014-2020. Some of the programs that have been achieved include the eCBA program, the development of Special Economic Zones (KEK), and the implementation of the legal regulations in force in Indonesia.

Factors for the impact investing implementation: Assessing the macroregion's social environment development indicators

Subject. This article analyzes the differentiation of the Ural regions in terms of investment potential. Objectives. The article aims to rank the Ural regions to optimize the investment policy. Methods. For the study, I used a comparative analysis. Results. Based on the analysis of various factors of economic development, the article finds that in the Ural macroregion, the best conditions for the implementation of impact investing technologies have developed in the Sverdlovsk Oblast, and the worst ones appear to be in the Kurgan Oblast. The article offers the author-developed algorithm for assessing the investment potential of the region. Relevance. The proposed algorithm for assessing the investment potential of the region can be used to design economic development programmes for the medium term.

Gender separation of entrepreneurship skills acquisition programmes for economic development

Learning entrepreneurial skills has taken on a significance never before seen as a result of their significance to economic growth. In this study, the impact of skill development initiatives on Nigeria's economic development was examined. The study used two objectives: to look into how gender differences in skill acquisition affected economic development and to determine how skill acquisition affected economic development. A quantitative method in the form of a questionnaire was used to sample two hundred (200) unemployed youths. Results revealed that there is a significant gender difference in skill acquisition for economic development and that skill acquisition has a significant influence on economic development. The study concluded that youths perceive skill acquisition programmes to have a positive effect on employment creation. Likewise, gender equality is to be considered in skills acquisition training. In general, the involvement of both genders in skill acquisition programmes will go a long way toward improving the nation's economic development.

PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT MELALUI PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI REMAJA MASJID

People's hopes of getting a better life can be done by developing the economy. One way to develop the economy is by developing livestock businesses. Village communities who work as farmers often experience economic difficulties so solutions need to be provided to help the family economy. Mosque youth have the potential to be provided with economic development programs through goat seed waqf. Mosque youth as the next generation have greater opportunities for economic development in the future. The aim of the community service program implemented in Tempuran Village is to improve the economy through goat seed waqf. The community service program is divided into four stages. Starting from deepening the problem, focus group discussions determining material, training; and mentoring. The results of this program provide the benefit of increasing income for the community in Tempuran Village by optimizing the goat seed waqf.

Putting futures literacy and anticipatory systems at the center of entrepreneurship and economic development programs – A View from the UNESCO Co-chair in Anticipatory Systems for Innovation and New Ventures

Integrating futures thinking and anticipatory thinking into programs can help improve economic opportunities The UNESCO Chair’s approach has helped improve economic opportunities, for organizational and municipalities/economic regions. It is hoped that the results can be used to help others bring this approach into their programs. Perhaps those running/part of entrepreneur/small business development programs, accelerators and incubators will see the University of New Brunswick (UNB) UNESCO program and may look at ways to include futures thinking and anticipatory systems thinking in their programs. Finally, the approach has helped cities/municipalities, perhaps those involved in regional economic development will integrate the Chairs approach.

Association between Global Myopia Prevalence and International Levels of Education.

The Global Myopia Prevalence and International Levels of Education (MILE) study models national trends in educational performance with myopia prevalence in children; it examines the association of near work with myopia in the form of an ecologic analysis, and also discusses how this may relate to educational frameworks. To investigate the relationship between myopia prevalence and national educational performance. The prevalence of myopia in the 15-to-19-year age group in 35 regions was obtained from a meta-analysis by Holden et al. (2016) and matched with educational performance quantified by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Program in Secondary Assessment (PISA) testing from 2000 to 2018. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to describe the relationship between PISA scores and myopia prevalence. Clustering effects of country and chronological year were accounted for in the analysis. Linear and non-linear terms of PISA scores using line of best fit were further explored. There is a significant positive relationship between OECD PISA educational performance and myopia prevalence in teenagers with higher PISA scores correlating with higher myopia prevalence, even after accounting for chronological year (GEE model P = .001, .008, .005 for math, science and reading respectively). Scatterplots with cubic and logistic fits indicated that PISA math showed the strongest relationship with myopia prevalence (r 2 = 0.64) followed by science (r 2 = 0.41) and reading (r 2 = 0.31). These results strongly suggest that educational achievement at a national level is associated with higher myopia prevalence. PISA scores are a significant driver of many countries' education policies, and countries that have a balance between high PISA scores and lower myopia prevalence may be good models of educational policies to address the myopia public health issue.

Ensuring organisational and legal conditions for financing the social sector of Ukraine

The legal aspects of regulation of budgetary financing of social services have been analysed, and the main directions of improving the efficiency of the system of budgetary financing of social protection and social security of the population of Ukraine in modern conditions have been identified. Based on the analysis of scientific views, theoretical approaches to building a budget system in the context of social protection have been considered. The shortcomings of legal regulation of mechanisms for financing the provision of social protection services have been identified, and the main factors for improving the efficiency of budget financing and the inclusiveness of social protection have been described.
 The main task of the State in the context of social protection of the population is to fully and timely fill the relevant budgets and to finance social protection measures within the limits established by the budget. It has been noted that today the State system of budgetary funds management for financing social benefits remains one of the main components of the general and comprehensive social protection system of Ukraine. However, the practice of organising the budget process in Ukraine in the current socio-political conditions is characterised by an imbalance in the state and regional programmes of economic and social development. The main factors of disruptions in the functioning of the system of financing the social protection sector in Ukraine have been considered. There is a gradual reduction in the share of expenditures on social protection and social security from 30 % to 15 % of the consolidated budget in 2016–2022, while social spending is actually growing in monetary terms. It has been determined that although the Budget Code of Ukraine regulates the financial independence of local budgets by assigning to them the relevant sources of budget revenues, the actual level of revenue formation does not allow them to properly fulfil their own powers in the field of social protection of the population.
 It has been noted that in the context of decentralisation, amendments to the budget legislation should take into account the provision of real rights to pursue an independent socio-economic policy at the local level and at the same time ensure the effective exercise of their own and delegated powers. Provision of local and regional authorities with revenues sufficient to finance their powers should be done through decentralisation of budgetary funds, which will help to achieve a balance of regional and local budgets.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ПРАВОВЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ВІДБУДОВИ ТА ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ МІСТ У КОНТЕКСТІ ПОВОЄННОГО ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ

The article reveals the peculiarities of the organizational and legal support of the recovery and economic development of cities in the context of the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. It is emphasized that the armed aggression of the russian federation in Ukraine, which began on February 22, 2022, led to such large-scale destruction and human casualties, which have not been seen in Europe since the Second World War. At the same time, it is indicated that the restoration of Ukraine and its cities is a comprehensive transformation, the essence of which is not so much the reconstruction of the country to its pre-war condition but its deep modernization. It includes reforming vital elements of the economy and society, such as infrastructure, technology, business – environment, institutions, education, health care and others. It is substantiated that Ukraine is an urbanized country since most of its population lives in cities, representing a particular phenomenon of human civilization, concentrating the primary human, economic and other resources. Therefore, the stable economic development of the country as a whole depends on practical organizational and legal support for the reconstruction and restoration of the economy of our cities. Normative and legal acts related to the procedure for reconstruction of residential buildings and infrastructure damaged due to armed aggression, as well as organizational and legal instruments for ensuring the economic development of cities under conditions of war and post-war reconstruction, are determined. Attention is focused on the importance of developing a Local Economic Development Program in the urban territorial community, including a list of specific projects for the medium term. The need for assistance to our state in solving the problems of restoring the local economy and destroyed infrastructure from foreign partners is elucidated.

Typology of Russian regions on the capacity of cultural heritage

The authors are the first to carry out typology of Russian regions, based on a complex of the indicators, characterizing cultural heritage. The analysis of the allocated types of regions with the description of their typological features is done, that, in turn, allows to reveal the differentiated regional models of cultural heritage use, to prove perspective approaches on embedding of cultural heritage into programs of social and economic development of various territorial subjects of the Russian Federation.