Successful Program Research Articles

Peran Inovasi (PETIK DUREN) Pelayanan Tilik Kampung Penduduk Rentan dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Kabupaten Lamongan

PETIK DUREN Program (Pelayanan Tilik Kampung Penduduk Rentan) is a public service innovation in Lamongan Regency aimed at improving access to civil administration for vulnerable groups, such as individuals with mental health disorders (ODGJ) and persons with disabilities. This study analyzes the program's success using Everett M. Rogers' diffusion of innovation theory, which includes indicators of relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability. Using a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews and official government reports.The analysis results show that the program successfully registered 161 individuals in 2023 and an additional 16 individuals by May 2024. Success is evident in the trialability and observability aspects, demonstrated through improved access to healthcare, education, and social assistance services. Simplified procedures and a proactive approach facilitate vulnerable groups in accessing civil documents. The program meets innovation indicators, especially relative advantage and compatibility, by creating efficient services tailored to local needs.However, challenges such as low community participation in certain areas and logistical constraints remain. Recommendations include strengthening data verification technology, training officers, and implementing a zoning approach to expand coverage. With these improvements, PETIK DUREN has the potential to become a national model for public service innovation in improving the welfare of vulnerable communities.

Understanding Factors that Contributes to Vaccine Hesitancy in the COVID-19 Context: The Intersection of Trust in Institutions, Socioeconomic Status and Demographic Factors

Vaccine hesitancy has become a major global public health challenge, threatening the success of vaccination programs. Despite the fact that vaccines have proven effective in fighting infectious diseases, millions of people are still hesitant to get vaccinated, especially during the pandemic. This paper identifies vaccine hesitancy in the COVID era and examines the factors that contribute to vaccine hesitancy, including a lack of trust in health institutions, misinformation, and other cognitive and demographic factors. Drawing on examples from around the world, including Africa and Brazil, this article further explores the social and political determinants that influence vaccine uptake. While Brazil has shown relatively high vaccine acceptance rates due to trust in local vaccines and the urgency of the pandemic, Africa faces great hesitation due to mistrust and misinformation. By addressing misinformation, restoring public trust and confidence in vaccines, and involving communities in the decision-making process, public health initiatives can effectively combat vaccine hesitancy and mitigate ongoing threats to global health

Penilaian Efektivitas Penerapan Teknis Restorasi Gambut Melalui Program Desa Mandiri Peduli Gambut di Desa Pasir Palembang

The importance of peat ecosystems in carbon absorption and providing habitat for various types of flora and fauna. However, peatland damage due to land conversion and forest fires has become an urgent problem to be addressed. The Independent Village Care for Peat Program is a government initiative that aims to involve communities in peat restoration efforts, so it is important to assess the effectiveness of this program at the village level. The methodology used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative and quantitative approach. Data collection was carried out through field observations, in-depth interviews with communities and stakeholders, and analysis of related documents. The research sample involved the Pasir Palembang Village community involved in the peat restoration program, peat restoration technical personnel in the field, and government parties related to the program. The results of the study showed that the technical implementation of peat restoration in Pasir Palembang Village through the Independent Village Care for Peat Program was quite effective in several aspects, such as controlling forest and land fires. However, there are several challenges that need to be overcome, such as the lack of adequate resources and funding. Active community participation and government support have proven to be key factors in the success of this program. Factors influencing the success of the peat restoration program in Pasir Palembang Village include community support and involvement, resource availability, government policies, and natural and climate conditions in the village. Socialization and education to the community regarding the importance of peat restoration need to be improved, and resource and funding support needs to be optimized for the sustainability of the program. Cross-sectoral collaboration between the government, community, and non-governmental organizations is also important to strengthen peat restoration efforts. The conclusion of this study is that the technical implementation of peat restoration through the Independent Peat Care Village Program in Pasir Palembang Village is quite effective, but still needs improvement in several aspects to achieve more optimal results. Recommendations given include increasing socialization and education, optimizing resource and funding support, and developing cross-sectoral collaboration to strengthen peat restoration efforts.

The Role of Academic Supervision in Enhancing the Implementation of Social-Emotional Learning Programs in Schools

This study aims to explore the role of academic supervision in enhancing the implementation of Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) programs in schools. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method, involving interviews with teachers, principals, and SEL program coordinators at SIS Palembang. Data was also collected through document analysis and classroom observations. The findings indicate that academic supervisors, including headteachers and SEL coordinators, play a crucial role in shaping the success of SEL programs. Headteachers provide vision, support, and resources, while coordinators ensure the smooth implementation and evaluation of the program. Teachers, as the primary implementers, contribute to the program’s effectiveness through their engagement and creativity in delivering SEL activities. The study highlights the importance of collaborative efforts between these stakeholders in creating a supportive environment for SEL, ultimately leading to positive student outcomes. Furthermore, the study underscores the need for ongoing professional development and support for teachers to effectively implement SEL programs.

PENYULUHAN PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT BERBASIS DIGITAL UNTUK DESA WISATA

Community service is organized by lecturers at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Baiturrahmah University. The aim of this activity is to provide digital-based community empowerment outreach for tourism villages in Nagari Koto Nan Duo, Batang Kapas District, Pesisir Selatan Regency, on August 10 2024, West Sumatra Province. Villages are the smallest government units that play an important role in sustainable development through village autonomy, as mandated in Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. With increasing digital penetration in Indonesia, including in rural areas, digital-based community empowerment has become relevant and potential. This empowerment includes building information technology infrastructure, increasing digital literacy, developing the creative economy, and digital marketing. Previous research has shown the success of digital-based empowerment programs in various villages, such as creative economy development, digital tourism, and website-based public services. This article aims to describe digital-based village community empowerment practices, providing guidance for policy makers, facilitators and academics in optimizing the potential of technology to improve the welfare of village communities. It is hoped that this program can be a sustainable solution to support rural development in the digital era. Keywords: Extension, Digital Based, Tourism Village.

Sex Determination in Reptiles: A Review.

Reptile biodiversity is rapidly declining, with over 11,733 recognized species across 1226 genera being documented, many of which are endangered. Captive breeding programs play a crucial role in conservation; however, effective management requires accurate sex determination, especially due to the fact that many reptile species exhibit minimal or no sexual dimorphism. When present, sexual dimorphism manifests as differences such as size, coloration, and morphological features influenced by evolutionary pressures and hormones. Various sex determination techniques are employed due to the lack of external sexual characteristics in many species. These methods include probing, hydrostatic eversion, popping, ultrasound, CT, radiography, contrast radiography, endoscopy, and genotypic sex determination. Accurate sex determination is crucial for the success of captive breeding programs and the conservation of reptile species. Advanced imaging and molecular methods offer promising non-invasive alternatives but may not be universally accessible or effective. An understanding of the unique reproductive anatomy and the use of appropriate sexing techniques are fundamental to establishing breeding groups, preventing aggressive behaviours among groups, and ensuring the long-term survival of endangered reptile populations.

Decreasing hepatitis B seroprevalence in pregnant women in Taiwan between 2016 and 2021: a claim-based cohort study

BackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) seroprevalence was high before the national vaccine policy was introduced in Taiwan, indicating significant HBV infection rates. The success of the HBV immunization program and other preventive measures likely led to decreased HBsAg prevalence among pregnant women. This study reports on the HBV seroprevalence among pregnant women in Taiwan from 2016 to 2021, including those potentially affected by the universal hepatitis B vaccination at birth.MethodsThis claim-based cohort study included pregnant women with hospital-based prenatal HBV screening data: 162,662 for HBsAg and 161,729 for HBeAg, from 2016 to 2021. Patient medical records were reviewed to collect information on demographic characteristics and other health conditions. Logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors associated with HBsAg and HBV e antigen (HBeAg) positivity.ResultsThe seroprevalence for HBsAg and HBeAg during the study period was 4.0% and 0.6%, respectively. HBsAg positivity was highest among women born before July 1984 (pre-vaccination period; 8.6%), decreasing to 2.2% among those born between July 1986 and 1988 (national vaccination implementation) and further declining to 1.1% for those born after 1997. These data underscore the crucial role of large-scale immunization strategies in controlling HBV infections. Similarly, HBeAg positivity was highest among pregnant women born before the vaccination program (~ 1.0%), decreasing significantly to 0.4% for those born after 1989. The results showed geographic variations, potentially reflecting factors such as the mother’s age and foreign nationality. However, the birth year was the most crucial factor associated with HBV marker positivity.ConclusionsThe implementation of national vaccination programs has demonstrated significant success in reducing HBV seroprevalence among pregnant women, which is particularly evident in the substantial decrease in HBsAg seroprevalence in Taiwan post-July 1986. These findings emphasize the importance of continued and consistent vaccination efforts, supporting the need for ongoing public health strategies to combat HBV infections effectively.

The Role of Social Support Networks in Shaping Post-Prison Life

This study examines the role of social support networks in shaping the reintegration experiences of formerly incarcerated individuals. Focusing on emotional well-being, economic stability, and recidivism, the research explores how different types of support—emotional, instrumental, informational, and appraisal—impact these outcomes. Conducted in Angeles City, Pampanga, the study employs a quantitative descriptive survey design, using structured questionnaires to gather data from 122 participants released from incarceration within the past two years. Convenience and snowball sampling methods were utilized to identify participants who accessed social support during reintegration. Results highlight the availability and effectiveness of support systems, barriers faced, and the perceived success of reintegration programs. The study underscores the importance of family ties, peer networks, and community organizations in fostering successful reintegration while addressing gaps in resources and systemic challenges. These findings aim to guide policymakers, rehabilitation experts, and community leaders in designing evidence-based, inclusive reintegration strategies that reduce recidivism and promote social inclusion.

Assessing the success of breeding maize inbred lines with contrasting diferulate concentrations.

The crosslinking of maize cell wall components, particularly mediated by the formation of ferulic acid dimers or diferulates, has been associated with important crop valorization traits such as increased pest resistance, lower forage digestibility, or reduced bioethanol production. However, these relationships were based on studies performed using diverse unrelated inbred lines and/or populations, so genetic background could interfere on these associations. In the present research, the success of a pedigree selection program aimed to obtain inbred lines from a common antecessor with contrasting diferulate concentration was evaluated. From the 10 inbreds lines developed we could validate the success of the breeding program, obtaining 4 inbred lines with significant contrating values of total diferulate content in the pith tissues (two of each group): high (X̅= 0.69mg/g of DW) and low (X̅= 0.35mg/g). Ferulate changes in the same way were also observed: high (X̅= 3.09mg/g of DW) and low (X̅= 1.62mg/g). On the other hand, we found strong and positive correlations between DFAT and individual dimers, and moderate negative correlations between total DFAT and a main cell wall component such as cellulose. However, we did not find a significant effect of DFAT on maize valorization traits, except of a negative effect of DFAT on the concentration of sugars released after the enzimatic hydrolysis of the pith tissues. Interestingly, increasing DFAT in the pith does not seem to affect the digestibility of the forage or the saccharification of the stover residue, highlighting that changes in a specific tissue do not encompass correlated changes in other resources. Overall, we have obtained contrasting inbred lines with diferulates concentration, which could be uselful in further studies focussing in the identification of regions/genes predominantly involved in the hydroxycinnamate biosynthesis pathway and cell wall crosslinking network.

Robotic Surgery from a Gynaecological Oncology Perspective: A Global Gynaecological Oncology Surgical Outcomes Collaborative Led Study (GO SOAR3).

For healthcare institutions developing a robotic programme, delivering value for patients, clinicians, and payers is key. However, the impact on the surgeon, training pathways, and logistics are often overlooked. We conducted a study on the impact of robotic surgery on surgeons, access to robotic surgical training, and factors associated with developing a successful robotic programme. In our international mixed-methods study, a customised web-based survey was circulated to gynaecological oncologists. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Fisher's exact test, tested the hypothesis of the differences in continuous and categorical variables. Multiple linear regression was used to model the effect of variables on outcomes adjusting for gender, age, and postgraduate experience. Outcomes included situational awareness, surgeon fatigue/stress, and the surgical learning curve. Qualitative data were collected via in-depth semi-structured interviews using an inductive theoretical framework to explore access to surgical training and logistical considerations in the development of a successful robotic programme. In total, 94%, 45%, and 48% of survey respondents (n = 152) stated that robotic surgery was less physically tiring/mentally tiring/stressful in comparison to laparoscopic surgery. Our data suggest gender differences in the robotics learning curve with men six times more likely to state robotic surgery had negatively impacted their situational awareness in the operating theatre (OR = 6.35, p ≤ 0.001) and 2.5 times more likely to state it had negatively impacted their surgical ability due to lack of haptic feedback in comparison to women (OR = 2.62, p = 0.046). Women were more risk-averse in case selection, but there were no self-reported differences in the intra-operative complication rates between male and female surgeons (OR = 1, p = 0.1). In total, 22/25 robotically trained surgeons interviewed did not follow a structured curriculum of learning. Low and middle income country centres had less access to robotic surgery. The success of robotic programmes was measured by the number of cases performed per annum, with 74% of survey respondents stating that introducing robotics increased the proportion of surgeries performed by minimal access surgery. There was a distinct lack of knowledge on the environmental impact of robotic surgery. Whilst robotic surgery is considered a landmark innovation in surgery, it must be responsibly implemented through effective training and waste minimisation, which must be a key metric in measuring the success of robotic programmes.

Peran Guru Pendidikan Jasmani dalam Merancang dan Menerapkan Program Latihan yang Efektif untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Fisik, Kesehatan, dan Perkembangan Siswa MI di SD Negeri 060913 Medan Tembung

This research aims to examine the role of education teachers in designing and implementing effective training programs to improve the physical skills, health and development of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) students at SD Negeri 060913 Medan Tembung. The main problem raised is how teachers can design training programs that suit students' needs and abilities and how the methods used can improve students' physical skills effectively. This research uses a qualitative approach with interview methods and direct observation of learning activities in Koper education classes. Data was collected through interviews with the sports teacher, Muhammad Fadli Azmi, and several students, as well as observations of the training activities carried out. The research results show that teachers use various training programs that focus on warm-up, games and coordination exercises according to the weekly theme. The methods applied, such as learning while playing, have proven to be effective in improving students' physical skills. Students' active involvement in sports activities is also obtained through a motivational approach and a variety of exercises. Teachers also provide constructive feedback to increase student enthusiasm. Suggestions for further research are to examine further the factors that influence the success of training programs as well as the influence of training programs on students' social and emotional development.

Microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA D-loop based analysis of genetic diversity in captive populations of Crocodylus siamensis in China

Reintroduction of threatened species is a common strategy used to mitigate population decline and reduce the risk of extinction. In order to assess the success of such reintroduction programs, it is critical to monitor the demographic and genetic features of reintroduced populations. In this work, we conducted a genetic assessment of the Critically Endangered crocodile species Crocodylus siamensis to determine the genetic diversity, utilising both microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA D-loop region. The genetic analysis revealed a moderate level of genetic diversity within the sampled populations, as indicated by the microsatellite markers (Ho = 0.505 ± 0.080; He = 0.297 ± 0.091) and mtDNA D-loop (hd = 0.622 ± 0.061; Pi = 0.01294 ± 0.00041). Notably, 22 distinct haplotypes were observed. Additionally, we identified evidence of hybridisation that might have occurred between C. siamensis and Crocodylus niloticus raising concerns about the potential compromise of the species' genetic integrity. This study represents the first genetic assessment of captive bred C. siamensis populations in China, encompassing both microsatellite and mtDNA D-loop analyses. To ensure preservation of C. siamensis, we recommend identifying and excluding hybrid individuals from conservation programmes. Our findings support the feasibility of implementing breeding and captive management plans for C. siamensis, providing a solid theoretical basis for their reintroduction and captive breeding to safeguard and augment the population of this Critically Endangered freshwater crocodile. This research marks the initial step towards establishing a scientifically sound source population for the conservation of C. siamensis in China. Keywords: protection, reintroduction genotype, haplotypic diversity, nucleotide diversity

Recent advances and avenues for the pest management of invasive social wasps and hornets.

Invasive social wasps and hornets pose significant threats to biodiversity, ecosystem services, and animal and human health. This review evaluates recent advances in invasive wasp and hornet management using criteria developed for assessing the feasibility of eradication and control programmes. I emphasise the importance and methods of early detection, citizen science, public involvement, and the role of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, drones, and radio telemetry for nest detection. Toxic baits remain a vital tool for population suppression, although improvements in their efficacy and selectivity are needed to mitigate non-target impacts. The review explores the development of targeted control tools including emerging biological and genetic control methods, which promise potential solutions but require careful consideration of ecological risks. Genetic interventions include gene drives that offer future potential for sustained long-term control but require robust regulatory frameworks. Global collaboration to standardise management is essential, as invasion and control efforts in one region can affect neighbouring countries. The integration of international best practices with legal frameworks, public engagement, and adaptive management strategies will be critical to the success of future management programmes.

The Effectiveness of Implementing the Merdeka-Belajar Kampus-Merdeka (MBKM) Policy in Developing High-Quality Human Resources at Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia, Contributing to SDGs: Quality Education

Indonesia has implemented the MBKM policy to improve the skills and abilities of graduates through adaptable and hands-on learning. Nevertheless, the execution of the plan has faced numerous challenges, requiring a thorough assessment. Furthermore, the study aligns with crucial Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG 4 (Quality Education), as it seeks to improve educational quality to achieve national development goals. The objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of the MBKM policy implementation and identify the elements that either facilitate or impede its success at Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. The study employs a qualitative descriptive technique, utilising in-depth interviews, observations, focus group discussions, and document analysis. The data were analysed using the interactive methodology developed by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana. The findings demonstrate both favourable effects and difficulties in applying MBKM, encompassing concerns regarding curriculum adaptation and doubts regarding its efficacy in attaining human resource development objectives. This study enhances existing knowledge on implementing policies in higher education and offers significant insights for policymakers and university administrators. These discoveries can provide valuable insights for improving future policies and strategies aimed at maximising the success of the MBKM program in cultivating highly skilled human resources in Indonesian higher education institutions.

Assessing Quality of Sensitization Programs of State-Wide Youth Mental Health Promotion Program – An Indian Example

Background: Sensitization plays a pivotal role in raising awareness about critical youth issues and encouraging them to access support services, contributing to the success of programs like Yuva Spandana, a youth-centric mental health promotion initiative in Karnataka, India. For youth to access support within YSKs, the quality and effectiveness of sensitization programs (SPs) are crucial. A standard quality assessment through indicators for SPs is required to provide recommendations for improvement. To enlist quality indicators and assess the quality of SP conducted under Yuva Spandana (YS) program across Karnataka. Material and Methods: We performed secondary data analysis (utilizing data available within the computerized management information system over 5 years; 2017-2022) and direct/in-person observation of SPs (by the researcher and the core team of YS between June and July 2022 using a specifically developed checklist). Quality indicators were developed using a process of consensus building. Each attribute within the checklist was scored, and a composite mean score and mean percentage scores for quality were calculated. Results: Overall, 33257 SP reports and 31 in-person SPs were assessed. A total of 36 quality indicators (10 quality indicators based on SP reports and 26 based on in-person observation) were developed. The average quality score of report-based SPs was 10.93 (±2.59; range 1-20) and in-person assessment was 63.06 (±6.61; range 50-73). Conclusion: The study emphasizes the importance of addressing all youth issues, including sensitive topics like gender, sex, and sexuality, to ensure a holistic approach to youth mental health. Challenges faced during program execution and the distribution of Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) materials also contribute to program quality. This research offers valuable insights for improving the conduct of SPs, enhancing youth access to services, and guiding future community-based health promotion initiatives.

Integration of Environmental Policies in Sustainable Management of Mangrove Ecotourism

Mangrove ecotourism has significant potential for environmental protection while also helping the local economy, but its success is strongly dependent on the implementation of appropriate environmental policies. This study investigates how environmental policies are used in sustainable mangrove ecotourism management in Sungai Apit District, Siak Regency. This study takes a qualitative approach, collecting data through stakeholder interviews, documentation studies, and field observations to analyze the problems, tactics, and effects of environmental legislation on ecotourism development. These findings emphasize the value of a community-based approach to mangrove ecotourism development by striking a balance between environmental conservation and economic development. The findings indicate that, while environmental policies such as municipal legislation and ecosystem management plans exist, important obstacles include inefficient institutional coordination, insufficient resources, and low community participation. Better integration of environmental policy can help create a balance between mangrove conservation and long-term ecotourism growth. This paper provides policymakers and practitioners with insights and ideas for establishing and implementing environmental regulations that promote sustainable mangrove ecotourism, with the goal of enhancing ecotourism program success while maintaining mangrove ecosystems.

Enhancing Children's Competence in Religious Roles: The Development of Imams, Khatibs, and Preachers in Jorong Baduih, Tanah Datar

This article explores the implementation of a children's leadership development program in Jorong Baduih, Tanah Datar, aimed at fostering young religious leaders to serve as imams, khatibs, and preachers. The program addresses the declining involvement of youth in religious activities due to migration and the absence of structured mentorship, which threatens the continuity of local Islamic traditions. Using a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, the initiative involved community leaders, religious figures, and families in identifying needs, designing training modules, and evaluating progress. The program featured hands-on training sessions, simulations, and mentorship by local religious leaders to enhance the participants' competence and confidence. The results demonstrated significant improvements in the children's ability to lead prayers, deliver sermons, and engage in public speaking, fostering a sense of responsibility and pride. Despite challenges such as limited training duration and facilities, adaptive measures ensured the program's success and highlighted the importance of community collaboration. The initiative not only revitalized religious engagement among youth but also strengthened community bonds and intergenerational cooperation. The program's sustainability is expected to be achieved through continuous community involvement and the institutionalization of regular training. This model offers a replicable framework for other communities seeking to preserve religious leadership and nurture future generations, reinforcing the value of grassroots initiatives in sustaining local religious and social development

Indonesia’s Job Loss Insurance Program (JKP): Evaluating Challenges and Opportunities for Worker Welfare and Market Integration

The Job Loss Insurance Program (Jaminan Kehilangan Pekerjaan - JKP) was introduced in Indonesia to support workers laid off due to economic downturns by providing financial assistance, reskilling opportunities, and job placement services. This study evaluates the effectiveness of JKP in supporting unemployed workers and identifies key challenges in its implementation. A qualitative approach was employed, combining surveys, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and secondary data from Satu Data Ketenagakerjaan and BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. The findings reveal that while financial assistance was appreciated, it often fell short of covering living expenses, particularly in urban areas. The SIAPKerja platform was underutilized due to irrelevant job postings and low digital literacy among participants. Reskilling programs lacked alignment with labor market demands, limiting their impact on reemployment prospects. Administrative inefficiencies, including delays in benefit disbursement, further hindered the program's success. The study underscores the need for policy reforms to improve JKP’s effectiveness. Recommended measures include aligning training programs with labor market demands, simplifying administrative processes, and enhancing outreach efforts. These changes are essential to ensuring JKP’s role in improving worker welfare and facilitating reintegration into the labor market.

Predation of sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) by southern sea lions (Otaria byronia) and its relationship with overfishing in northern Chile

The disruption of a new food chain in the South American sea lion (SSL, Otaria byronia), with predation on green sea turtles (GST, Chelonia mydas) is reported for Northern Chile, probably from “nutritional stress” as result of anchovy (Engraulis ringens) overfishing, its fundamental food, with implications that cross multinational barriers in the South Pacific due to the shared nature of the resource. From 2011 an increase in carcasses of GST turtles with damages attributable to attacks by larger predators was observed on beaches of Arica (18°28´S), for which a necropsy study for signs attributable to predation, was carried out between November 2013 and May 2019. Jointly, direct observations of SSL attacks were made between Arica (18°28´S) and Iquique (20°13´S), that document predation of GST by SSL. 195 strandings including 179 Chelonia mydas, 15 Lepidochelys olivacea y 1 Eretmochelys imbricatea were recorded. 96.01% were strandings, 2.23% concentrated in drift, 1.12% as ghost fishing and 0.56% by fishermen from a gillnet. The necropsies of 14 carcasses in stage 1 and 2, showed damage attributable to interaction (alive or dead) with predators and/or scavengers. Most part of the observed injuries (tears of breakage and detachment of skin, muscles, internal structures such as the trachea, esophagus, stomach and part of the intestines, heart and liver) were attributable to SSL attacks and agree with the direct observations. Attacks by sharks or killer whales, and death by immersion or health problems could not be confirmed. The effect of this new feeding strategy of the SSL casts a shadow of uncertainty about the success of the green sea turtle population recovery program of northern Chile started in 2012. The results also suggest the need for evaluation of anchovy management programs and standards and the incorporation of an ecosystem approach to management plans, including the trophic needs of top depredators of the system.

COMPREHENSIVE SEXUALITY EDUCATION PROGRAM FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

Sexuality education for children school base is foundation important in to form attitudes, behaviors, and skills taking healthy decision related relationships and boundaries personal. Individual capable make right decision, develop draft positive self and relationships and prevent impact negative to health sexual. The purpose of study this is for to explore room scope material that needs to be strengthened in give understanding sexuality education and determining factors the success of the sexuality education program for child age Elementary School. Review literature systematic used in study this, is done use framework PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) work, explores practice based on evidence, effectiveness, and challenges in implementation of educational programs sexuality for child Age 6–12 years. Procedure this PRISMA research done through four steps namely identification, screening, eligibility and inclusion. At this stage identification done search text through three databases namely Science Direct, Taylor and Francis and Eric.ed.gov. and obtained results 8 matching articles with criteria. The result study this that room scope in carry out sexuality education for children need notice environment inclusive and participatory active. Effective sexuality education must create a stigma - free and inviting environment participation active from students, need designed with to discuss Topic sensitive in a way open and safe, at the same time overcoming the shame and stigma that often accompanies stick to the topic sexual. Education based on family need done with collaborative between schools and parents, emphasizing importance communication between parents and children related protection self and personal boundaries. The factors that influence the success of sexuality education is teacher perception, age, gender, and culture as well as the necessary delivery strategies customized with development child age school base.