Professional Disciplines Research Articles

Teaching acoustics across multi-disciplines

Vibration, sound, and acoustics fundamentals appear in many disciplines and at all stages of life. This presentation covers acoustic concepts and foundations applicable in many professional disciplines that may be suitable for short professional courses, undergraduate, and graduate courses with a particular focus in engineering and underwater acoustics although the lessons may apply to music, noise, bioacoustics, audio, and electromagnetics. Topics include frequency, resonance, quality factor, damping, sensors, transducers, sensitivities, beam patterns, decibels, intensity, power, traveling and standing waves, speed, waveguides, dispersion and more.

Pedagogical Concept of Integrative Teaching and Learning in the Context of Interdepartmental Interaction

This article presents the pedagogical framework for integrative teaching and learning, melding foreign language instruction with professional disciplines within the interdepartmental interaction. Through a comprehensive review of both foreign and domestic literature, the authors highlight the insufficient development of this concept in Ukraine, particularly in practical application. The study advocates for adapting and assimilating positive foreign experiences to the distinctive contours of Ukrainian higher education, underpinned by a robust theoretical and methodological foundation. The authors contend that the demands of modern life necessitate the active integration of interdisciplinary links into higher education curricula, leveraging foreign languages to develop foreign language professional communicative competence as an integral component of professional competence. They emphasize the pivotal role of interdepartmental collaboration in fostering such interdisciplinary convergence. Considering the unresolved nature of this issue in Ukraine, the significance and imperative for establishing an integrative teaching and learning concept in the context of interdepartmental interaction are undeniable. The article delineates the concept’s goals and objectives, scrutinizes the pivotal preconditions and rationale for its development, and furnishes a comprehensive algorithm for the seamless integration of professional subjects and foreign language instruction. Two main stages of integrative training, preparatory and organizational-procedural, are distinguished, with their characteristics outlined. Additionally, the article underscores the need for designing specialized transitional courses to harmonize profession-oriented content in foreign languages with specific disciplines.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on accredited programs and graduates who sat for the American Society for Clinical Pathology-Board of Certification Examination: program directors' perspective.

Health professions education programs were severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic at clinical and didactic training levels. The purpose for this American Society for Clinical Pathology-Board of Certification (BOC) study was to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the graduates who sat for BOC certification in their respective professional disciplines from the perspective of program directors (PDs). A separate article will be published on the graduates' perspective. A survey was sent to all PDs from the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Science, Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools, and Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs, accredited programs whose graduates are certified by the BOC, to determine the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare graduates and education programs during the pandemic. A total of 201 PDs responded. All programs consistently reported that the pandemic had a negative impact on their students' BOC pass rate and scores. When asked what educational formats were used, all groups used virtual live lectures and recorded lectures. University programs were found to use more online student laboratories and simulation laboratory sessions than the hospital programs, affecting the psychomotor skills of their students. The results indicated that the effects from the COVID-19 pandemic were related to the inherent differences between hospital and university programs. This study revealed that the pandemic affected university programs more than hospital programs.

Provider Self-Reported Use and Usefulness of Intervention Strategies for Externalizing Behaviors in Youths with ASD

ABSTRACT Objective To examine predictors of implementation and perceived usefulness of four empirically supported strategies for treating externalizing behavior in youths with ASD. Method Participants were 557 providers in the United States with experience treating externalizing behavior in youths with ASD. Generalized estimating equations were used to determine whether self-reported use and usefulness of four empirically supported intervention strategies (functional communication training, functional behavior analysis, visual tools/supports, token economy) were predicted by key provider characteristics: professional discipline, experience, and practice specialization (across three indices) in ASD. Post-hoc contrasts were performed to identify provider groups reporting the greatest use and usefulness of the four strategies. Results Strategies were most often used by providers with behavioral backgrounds, though perceived usefulness of strategies varied by providers’ professional discipline. Compared to providers with more than 10 years of experience, less experienced providers endorsed the highest average use and usefulness of almost all strategies. Regarding ASD practice specialization, a lower volume of ASD cases, treating fewer youths with ASD over a 5-year period, and having a higher proportion of practice time working with youths with ASD reported were associated with greater use and usefulness of the strategies. Conclusions Empirically supported strategies are widely used by and perceived as useful by providers who treat youths with ASD and co-occurring externalizing behaviors. Use and usefulness varies based on provider discipline, experience, and ASD practice specialization.

Education system and labor market: interdependence issues

Formulation of the problem. The labor market has recently undergone significant changes under the influence of many factors. Among them are globalization, demographic, migration processes, international conflicts and wars, climate change, epidemics, etc. Digitalization and green transit are becoming especially relevant in all spheres of life. This affects the requirements for knowledge and skills of employers who are preparing to receive or change jobs. Therefore, the field of education faces an important task of introducing flexible and effective educational programs. The purpose of the article. To summarize statistical and analythical information and forecasts regarding changes in education in European countries and Ukraine in the context of the transformation of labor market and under the influence of the deployment of industry 4.0. The main results of the study. The article notes the growth of unemployment among young people on the European continent, which began in the early 1960s. Statistics on education and the unemployment rate in Ukraine, damages from the war that was unleashed by Russia in 2022 are given. The growing role of institutions is especially emphasized professional education and training in the general education system of the countries of the world, blurring the boundaries between secondary special and higher education. Two main trends are highlighted in education: the development of information and communication technologies and increasing the role of transversal skills. Statistics on the level of basic digital skills among citizens of EU member states and initiatives to increase the digital literacy of Europeans are given. The presence of different approaches to the ratio of general theoretical and professional disciplines in different national education systems is emphasized. Conclusions. The impact on the sphere of education and the labor market of the process of automation, robotization, and the transition to a green economy remains to be determined. The perspective of introducing integrated approaches in education such as the German "learning fields" (Lernfelder) or the professional "code" in the Finnish system is indicated.

DANCE TRADITIONS IN THE SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE OF YOUTH CULTURE

We consider dance traditions in the scientific discourse of youth culture in the field of choreographic activity (culture, education, leisure) as a means of youth culture. Dance traditions require attention from the scientific discourse of cultural studies. Therefore, we consider traditions as an integral component of Ukrainian culture, education, and recreational institutions. An overview of publications is presented, in which traditions and choreographic activity are analyzed directly in the scientific discourse. The role of dance in promoting the optimization of cultural communication, the acquisition of knowledge, the study and assimilation of samples of national culture, and the education of young people through the means of culture is analyzed. In particular, the role of educational institutions and institutions of culture and arts as centers for providing cultural requests of youth is sporadically highlighted. It was revealed that the culture process directs the youth to the European integration vector with its orientation to the future, the transmission of traditions in the plastic manifestations of folk art to future generations, the assimilation of values and priorities of cultural ideals. The implementation of traditions in choreography involves factors of a complex nature: training of professional dance disciplines in the cultural context of humanitarian sciences : philosophy, aesthetics, ethnocultural studies, art history. The complex character solves the leading tasks of art education, in which culture plays a leading role, so young people focus on the formation of special knowledge, practical skills and skills for improving special techniques and performing skills.

Ethical and Professional Dilemmas encountered by Doctors in the National Health Insurance System

Background: The implementation of the National Health Insurance System in Indonesia has not only increased access to medical services but also raised various dilemmas among doctors. Objective: This study aims to analyse various ethical and professional dilemmas among physicians in the National Health Insurance System (NHIS).Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with a purposive sampling method. A questionnaire was distributed online between June to December 2019 to physicians practicing in Indonesia.Results: Of the 87 doctors who participated in this study, 60.92% were general practitioners and 39.08% were specialists. The inability to maintain professional independence (63.41%) is the most common ethical dilemma faced by doctors with 65.38% of them experienced in advanced level health facilities. Meanwhile, the limitation of adequate medical care in an emergency (25.45%) is the most dilemmatic situation experienced in terms of professionalism with 85.71% occurring in advanced level health facilities.Conclusion: Physicians in Indonesia were deal with various dilemmas while practicing in the NHIS. The high rate of dissatisfaction and the various ethical problems and professional disciplines require a review of the health system to improve the quality of services and maintain the professionalism of doctors.

The Interplanetary School of IR

From the late nineteenth century through the end of World War II, a new theory emerged regarding the future of international relations. Growing out from the budding science-fiction genre popularized by figures such as H. G. Wells, and maturing in the popular interwar space movements of Russia, Western Europe, and the United States, this theory proposed that human spaceflight would have a transformative impact on world society. Rocket engineers, sci-fi authors, and philosophers on both sides of the Atlantic argued that 1) space exploration would provide a vessel through which to channel aggression and violence; 2) the cost and technical difficulty of opening space would force once rival nations to cooperate; and 3) spaceflight would transform human consciousness itself, making of homo sapiens a more magnanimous, egalitarian, and pacific species. This article traces the rise and spread of what I call ‘interplanetary’ theory across time, nations, and professional disciplines, as well as the ways in which that theory departed from prevailing convictions about international relations after World War I.

Moral Case Deliberation in Dutch Prisons: Experienced Outcomes and the Moral Learning of Prison Staff

AbstractWe present a study about an ethics support instrument, Moral Case Deliberation (MCD), which is used to support and further professionalize Dutch prison staff. MCD can facilitate prison staff in dealing with moral dilemmas from practice. We present an embedded mixed-methods study on the experienced outcomes of 16 teams participating in both single and in series of MCD sessions. Prison staff and MCD facilitators completed evaluation forms (n = 871 by staff, and n = 122 by facilitators) after participating in a single MCD session (n = 131). Staff filled out another evaluation form (n = 149) after participating in a series of 10 MCD sessions. Our multilevel quantitative analyses show overall positive outcomes, with significant differences between professional disciplines. Prison staff, e.g., reported a better understanding of the discussed moral dilemma and the related perspectives of colleagues. The qualitative thematic content analysis of the experienced outcomes of single MCD sessions resulted in 8 outcome categories, e.g., improved moral awareness, awareness of responsibilities and limitations in decision-making, and feeling empowered to address issues. The experienced outcomes of MCD provide some insights in the process of fostering moral learning of prison staff; staff gained moral awareness, and improved their perspective-taking and the ability to better control their frustrations and emotions. Further research should focus on studying the impact of MCD on moral decision-making in the day-to-day practice of prison staff and on what the organization can learn from the MCD sessions.

PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS OF DIGITAL COMPETENCIES FORMATION OF SPECIALISTS IN THE INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

The new millennium clearly demonstrates the rapid development of new technologies. Its beginning is connected with the peculiarity of the development of society, which is influenced by the tendencies of digitalization of all spheres of human life, including education. Against the background of the penetration of digital technologies into all spheres of people’s lives, the problem of forming the digital competence of citizens becomes especially relevant. Under the current conditions of education development, there are increased requirements for the formation of digital competencies of applicants. The article reveals the pedagogical conditions for the formation of digital competencies of specialists in the information and educational environment of higher education establishments of Ukraine in connection with the active implementation of the concept of “Industry 4.0” worldwide. The education as a determining factor in the humanity development in the context of digitalization should ensure the personal growth of higher education, the formation of all necessary professional competencies and competitiveness in the world labor market. The relevance of the study of the phenomenon of “pedagogical conditions” (interpreted as a set of teaching methods and tools implemented by educational institutions in the process of training and aimed at the formation of digital competence in the study of professional disciplines), identified 10 basic pedagogical conditions. The importance of digital educational environment, information security, innovative technologies, educational and methodological support, various forms of digital learning, cloud technologies, increasing the level of digital competence of teachers in the formation of digital competencies of specialists is revealed. The implementation of the research results was carried out at the National Pedagogical Dragomanov University and Poltava V. G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University by conducting a pedagogical experiment.

Exposing the Role of Labor and Delivery Nurses as Active Bystanders in Preventing or Perpetuating Obstetric Violence

Obstetric violence is an issue of global scope and magnitude. Its widespread and continued presence indicates cultural tolerance enabled by policies and procedures that uphold paternalism. Labor and delivery nurses are the health care professionals who spend the most time at the point of care during birth, and their role must be examined. As active bystanders, labor and delivery nurses are uniquely positioned to prevent or perpetuate obstetric violence during labor and birth. Reflection on the nurse role is necessary to provide optimal care, enhance relationships with patients, and continue to evolve as a professional discipline. Perinatal nurses must lead the change to trauma-informed care practices to mitigate obstetric violence and reduce birth trauma.

Distance Education: Online Proctoring as a Tool for Assessing Learning Outcomes

The educational organizations’ urgent transition to distance learning because of the pandemic has actualized the problems of assessing the results of mastering the disciplines. Online proctoring is becoming one of the leading tools for control, providing an objective independent assessment of compliance with academic ethics. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze students’ attitude towards distance learning and their ideas on the opportunities, disadvantages, and prospects of online proctoring. The pilot study conducted in the spring of 2021 was empirically based on the results of online questionnaires answered by 200 undergraduate students of various scientific specialties and humanities at Ural Federal University (1–4 years). We also used the method of semi-structured interviews with 10 students who had had an experience of a final test using online proctoring systems. The data obtained show that the main difficulties faced by students within the distance learning process are the lack of direct contact with the teacher, enormous bulks of information to be learnt independently, the increased health burden, and technical failures. Despite the emerging barriers, the young have successfully mastered the educational platforms (MS Teams, Zoom, Google Meet) and practised in passing remote credits and exams. Online proctoring narrows the chances of informal passing final exams, however forming and developing risk-taking and inventiveness among students. This can be explained both by low demand for mastering general education disciplines and by poor design of test assignments. Technical failures within testing are another problem of proctoring. For distance education, online proctoring seems a promising and in-demand tool for students to assess the results of their learning in professional disciplines. The lack of external control becomes a factor of academic dishonesty practices multiplication. The results of the study contribute to the further development of distance learning and online assessment of the quality of students’ mastering the completed disciplines.

THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEURAL NETWORKS IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN PROFESSIONAL DISCIPLINES BY STUDENTS MAJORING IN PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION (DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES)

This article examines the possibilities and prospects of using artificial intelligence and neural networks in student education. The use of these technologies can have a positive impact on the quality of education and provide more effective knowledge transfer. The authors of the article explore the possibilities of using neural networks in the study of professional disciplines by students of the specialty «Vocational Education (Digital Technologies)». Among the advantages of using artificial intelligence and neural networks in education are the optimization of the learning process, adaptive and individualized learning, increased motivation, and automatic assessment of knowledge and skills. Additionally, the possibility of using neural networks for data analysis is considered, which will allow students to improve the quality of research and increase the accuracy of results. Moreover, artificial intelligence systems can help ensure more effective remote learning. Furthermore, artificial intelligence can be applied to create virtual simulators and trainers, allowing students to acquire practical skills and experience without risking experimentation on real objects. For instance, this can be useful for students who study computer repair and modernization, where practical experience and safe and efficient equipment handling are essential.
 Despite the advantages of using these technologies, such as personalized learning and increased efficiency, potential drawbacks should also be considered. Possible drawbacks include low-quality source data, potential errors in the neural network's operation, and the possibility of ethical problems. To minimize the negative impact of these drawbacks, it is necessary to use technologies that consider their limitations and risks, as well as to constantly improve the technical base and increase the qualifications of teachers and students. Therefore, the use of artificial intelligence and neural networks in education is a promising and powerful tool that can improve the quality of education, make it more efficient and personalized, and provide students with the skills and knowledge they need to succeed in the digital age.

Addressing child and adolescent obesity management in Ireland: identifying facilitators and barriers in clinical practice.

Ireland's Model of Care for the Management of Overweight and Obesity outlines a plan for treating adolescent and child obesity (CO). However, engagement with key stakeholders is required to support its implementation and improve health services. This study aims to map the perceived barriers and facilitators related to CO management across healthcare settings, professional disciplines, and regions in the Republic of Ireland (ROI). An online cross-sectional survey of registered healthcare professionals (HPs), designed to adhere to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), was co-developed by a project team consisting of researchers, healthcare professionals, and patient advocates. The survey was pilot tested with project stakeholders and distributed online to professional groups and via a social media campaign, between September 2021 and May 2022, using "SurveyMonkey." Data were summarised using descriptive statistics and thematic analyses. Themes were mapped to the CFIR framework to identify the type of implementation gaps that exist for treating obesity within the current health and social care system. A total of 184 HPs completed the survey including nurses (18%), physicians (14%), health and social care professionals (60%), and other HPs (8%). The majority were female (91%), among which 54% reported conducting growth monitoring with a third (32.6%) giving a diagnosis of paediatric/adolescent obesity as part of their clinical practice. Nearly half (49%) of the HPs reported having the resources needed for clinical assessment. However, 31.5% of the HPs reported having enough "time," and almost 10% of the HPs reported having no/limited access to suitable anthropometric measurement tools. Most HPs did not conduct obesity-related clinical assessments beyond growth assessment, and 61% reported having no paediatric obesity training. CFIR mapping identified several facilitators and barriers including time for clinical encounters, suitable materials and equipment, adequate training, perceived professional competency and self-efficacy, human equality and child-centredness, relative priorities, local attitudes, referral protocols, and long waiting times. The findings provide actionable information to guide the implementation of the Model of Care for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Ireland. Survey findings will now inform a qualitative study to explore implementation barriers and facilitators and prioritise actions to improve child and adolescent obesity management.

Legal Issues 101: Malpractice and Licensure Discipline.

This article is part of a series of articles titled "Legal Issues 101." The purpose of this series is to address common questions and misconceptions regarding the law and school health. Nurses frequently conflate malpractice or negligence with professional licensure discipline and it is important to understand the difference. To reduce liability exposure, school nurses must understand what their risks are and what they are not, for both civil lawsuits and for nursing board discipline.

CONTENT MODELING THE ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING OF FUTURE LABOR TRAINING TEACHERS IN UNIVERSITIES

The purpose of the article is the theoretical substantiation, development of the effectiveness of the organizational and methodological conditions of the environmental training of the future labor training teachers and the formation of their environmental competence. The directions of ecological training of future teachers are defined as: formation of ecological consciousness in students, environmentalization of the content of professional disciplines, students' study of ecological education technologies, organization of ecological labor activities of students during lectures, practical classes, ecological projects, exhibitions of artistic products on ecological topics, etc. The readiness of the future teacher of labor training for the ecological education of students at school is formed under the following conditions: the development of awareness of the role of the teacher in solving environmental problems; familiarization with the purpose, tasks and content of environmental education; forming a valuable attitude towards nature; environmentalization of professional training; organization of artistic nature conservation work. Organizational forms of ecological training of the future teacher of labor training have been developed on the basis of environmentalization of the content and modeling of innovative variable activities of the future teacher of labor training.

Current status and challenges in prenatal and neonatal screening, diagnosis, and management of congenital heart disease in China.

Congenital heart disease (CHD), a wide spectrum of diseases with varied outcomes, is the most common congenital malformation worldwide. In this Series of three papers, we describe the burden of CHD in China; the development of screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up strategies; and challenges associated with the disease. We also propose solutions and recommendations for policies and actions to improve the outcomes of CHD. In the first paper in this Series, we focus on prenatal and neonatal screening, diagnosis, and management of CHD. Based on advanced international knowledge, the Chinese Government has developed a network system comprising prenatal screening, diagnosis of CHD subtypes, specialist consultation appointments, and treatment centres for CHD. A new professional discipline, fetal cardiology, has been formed and rapidly developed. Consequently, the overall coverage of prenatal and neonatal screening and the accuracy of CHD diagnoses have gradually improved, and the neonatal CHD mortality rate has decreased substantially. However, China still faces several challenges in the prevention and treatment of CHD, such as insufficient diagnostic capabilities and unqualified consultation services in some regions and rural areas. TRANSLATION: For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

English

Lack of inter-professional collaboration and practice among Health care professionals could impede effective HIV health services delivery leading to poor health outcomes in people living with HIV. Adopting Inter-professional Education by using innovative teaching methods such as the jigsaw technique could foster collaboration among health care professional. The School of Nursing Sciences at the University of Zambia in Lusaka implemented the Strengthening Interprofessional Education for HIV project whose purpose was to integrate innovative approaches that will systematically leverage and strengthen HIV training and professional networks targeted at improving outcomes for people living with HIV. An interactive case based training workshop was conducted with 61 final year undergraduate students from different health professional disciplines at the University of Zambia and Lusaka Apex Medical University in accordance with the jigsaw technique based on cooperate learning. A pre and post-test were administered and data obtained were evaluated using descriptive statistics. From the first training, an improvement was recorded in knowledge scores from 60.5% on pretest to 81.3% on posttest, while an average of 31% improvement was recorded on clinical confidence and inter-professional education. The Jigsaw technique appears to improve knowledge and self-confidence among health care professionals in HIV care. Therefore, inter professional education using the Jigsaw technique could be promoted and in cooperated into the preservice curricular of health care professionals  in order to have strong HIV management teams that could achieve better patient outcomes. Key words: Inter-professional Education, Impact, HIV course, Jigsaw technique.

Description of Ethical and Legal Dental Knowledge Level Among Students in Dentistry

Background: The practice of dentists must appropiate with the standards and ethics of the dental profession. Lack of understanding of the Kode Etik Kedokteran Gigi and lack of professional discipline have led to many cases of legal and ethical violations committed by doctors. Knowledge will affect a person's actions or practices, knowledge of dental law and ethics will influence students to act in accordance with dental ethics and law to prevent ethical and legal violations. Basically, the level of one's knowledge of professional ethics and dental law can be influenced by several factors. The aim to this study to determine the level of dental law and ethics knowledge. Method: The research was conducted by filling out questionnaires directly by the subject. The level of knowledge is classified into 3 levels, low, sufficient and high. Result: The results showed that students in the second year of preclinical, fourth year of preclinic, first year of clinic, second year of clinic, and third year of clinic had a good level of dental ethical and legal knowledge with an overall percentage in the range of 76-100%, while third year preclinical students have a sufficient level of knowledge. Conclusion: Sultan Agung Islamic University dental students have a good level of knowledge regarding the ethics and laws of dentistry.

Combating the professional deformation of prosecutors: a comprehensive approach

In accordance with Article 1 of the Law of Ukraine “On the Prosecutor’s Office” (from October 14, 2014, No. 1697-VII), the Prosecutor’s Office of Ukraine constitutes a single system that, in accordance with the procedure provided for by this Law, performs the functions established by the Constitution of Ukraine for the purpose of protecting human rights and freedoms , general interests of society and the state.The reform of the prosecutor’s office, which is ongoing in Ukraine, has had a comprehensive effect on the external and internal processes of the functioning of the relevant system. The Strategy for the Development of the Prosecutor’s Office for 2021- 2023 (Order of the Prosecutor General dated October 16, 2020 No. 489) states that the prerequisites for implementing the principles of efficiency, professionalism, independence and responsibility in the activities of the Prosecutor’s Office are currently being created; measures are taken to assess the compliance of prosecutors with the criteria of professional competence, integrity and professional ethics, as well as to provide an opportunity for all honest candidates who have the appropriate theoretical knowledge and practical skills to take up the position of prosecutor in any prosecutor’s office on a competitive basis; guarantees of professional development of prosecutor’s office employees are strengthened.At the same time, today in Ukraine, as in many other countries, the prosecutor’s system faces many problems, one of which is the professional deformation of prosecutors. This phenomenon can lead to negative consequences, such as violations of the law, corruption, abuse of power, and others. In this regard, the issue of prevention and elimination of the consequences of professional deformation of prosecutors becomes especially urgent. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to carry out comprehensive measures to improve professional skill, ethics and discipline among prosecutors, as well as to ensure their independence from external influence.The article analyzes the causes of professional deformation among prosecutors in Ukraine and suggests ways to prevent and eliminate it. In particular, the author’s vision of a comprehensive approach to combating the professional deformation of prosecutors was formulated, covering the following aspects: organizational, psychological, professional, ethical, social and international.The results of the study can be useful for state authorities and society as a whole in the context of strengthening the rule of law and fighting corruption.