Education system and labor market: interdependence issues

Abstract

Formulation of the problem. The labor market has recently undergone significant changes under the influence of many factors. Among them are globalization, demographic, migration processes, international conflicts and wars, climate change, epidemics, etc. Digitalization and green transit are becoming especially relevant in all spheres of life. This affects the requirements for knowledge and skills of employers who are preparing to receive or change jobs. Therefore, the field of education faces an important task of introducing flexible and effective educational programs. The purpose of the article. To summarize statistical and analythical information and forecasts regarding changes in education in European countries and Ukraine in the context of the transformation of labor market and under the influence of the deployment of industry 4.0. The main results of the study. The article notes the growth of unemployment among young people on the European continent, which began in the early 1960s. Statistics on education and the unemployment rate in Ukraine, damages from the war that was unleashed by Russia in 2022 are given. The growing role of institutions is especially emphasized professional education and training in the general education system of the countries of the world, blurring the boundaries between secondary special and higher education. Two main trends are highlighted in education: the development of information and communication technologies and increasing the role of transversal skills. Statistics on the level of basic digital skills among citizens of EU member states and initiatives to increase the digital literacy of Europeans are given. The presence of different approaches to the ratio of general theoretical and professional disciplines in different national education systems is emphasized. Conclusions. The impact on the sphere of education and the labor market of the process of automation, robotization, and the transition to a green economy remains to be determined. The perspective of introducing integrated approaches in education such as the German "learning fields" (Lernfelder) or the professional "code" in the Finnish system is indicated.