Production In Different Regions Research Articles

Analysis of consumption preference of goat products in different regions of Mexico

Objective: To characterize and determine the consumption preferences for goat products in different regions of Mexico. Design/methodology/approach: An exploratory study was carried out through a survey addressed to 300 consumers. The sample was obtained through convenience sampling. The semi-structured questionnaire was divided into the following sections: sociodemographic information, willingness to consume, type of derivative products known, and frequency of consumption. The Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to determine significant variables. Results: It was found that milk, cheese, and meat are the most relevant foods for goat consumption. These products are ideal for expanding the diversification of consumption in Mexican regions. Limitations on study/implications: To deepen the analysis of the sociodemographic and consumption characteristics, it is necessary to consider a greater number of variables. Findings/conclusions: Knowing the products that are consumed most frequently allows more effective and efficient strategies to be generated and, in turn, opens the pattern for consumption diversification.

New insights in the Spanish gene pool of olive (Olea europaea L.) preserved ex situ and in situ based on high-throughput molecular markers.

In Spain, several local studies have highlighted the likely presence of unknown olive cultivars distinct from the approximately 260 ones previously described in the literature. Furthermore, recent advancements in identification techniques have significantly enhanced in terms of efficacy and precision. This scenario motivated a new nationwide prospecting effort aimed at recovering and characterizing new cultivated germplasm using high-throughput molecular markers. In the present study, the use of 96 EST-SNP markers allowed the identification of a considerable amount of new material (173 new genotypes) coming from areas with low intensification of production in different regions of Spain. As a result, the number of distinct national genotypes documented in the World Olive Germplasm Bank of IFAPA, Córdoba (WOGBC-ESP046) increased to 427. Likewise, 65 and 24 new synonymy and homonymy cases were identified, respectively. This rise in the number of different national cultivars allowed to deepen the knowledge about the underlying genetic structure. The great genetic variability of Spanish germplasm was confirmed, and a new hot spot of diversity was identified in the northern regions of La Rioja and Aragon. Analysis of the genetic structure showed a clear separation between the germplasm of southern and northern-northeastern Spain and indicated a significantly higher level of admixture in the latter. Given the expansion of modern olive cultivation with only a few cultivars, this cryptic germplasm is in great danger of disappearing. This underlines the fact that maintaining as many cultivars as possible will increase the genetic variability of the olive gene pool to meet the future challenges of olive cultivation.

Identification of Floral Resources Used by the Stingless Bee Melipona beecheii for Honey Production in Different Regions of the State of Campeche, Mexico

The stingless bee Melipona beecheii is experiencing colony decline due to floral resource scarcity caused by deforestation. A study was conducted to identify the floral resources used by M. beecheii using honey samples collected in four regions of the state of Campeche, Mexico. A melissopalynological analysis of sixteen collected honey samples identified 69 plant species from 24 families, and established that Fabaceae was the main plant family visited. Based on botanical origin, seven samples were classified as monofloral and nine as multifloral. The predominant species were Bursera simaruba, Lonchocarpus longistylus, Piscidia piscipula, Senna pallida and Senna racemosa. Shannon diversity index values (2.06–2.55) indicated moderate diversity in floral resources and Simpson diversity index values (0.82–0.89) indicated a moderate dominance of plant species in the studied regions. The results suggest M. beecheii is polylectic with some degree of specialization. The plant species identified as predominant in the studied honey samples are candidates for use in strategies intended to conserve the food resources used by M. beecheii on the Yucatan Peninsula.

Crystallographic characteristics and mechanical behavior of laser welded joints of hot roll bending parts

In this work, laser welding was performed on the hot roll bending parts obtained by local-induction-heating bending forming. The influence of the crystallographic characteristics of the phase transformation products in different regions of the laser welded joint on the mechanical properties was systematically studied, and the reasons for the performance degradation were discussed in detail. The results show that upper-critical HAZ (UCHAZ) forms coarse prior austenite grain (PAG) and bainite, resulting in the lowest dislocation density of 2.5 × 1014 m−2 and the lowest impact toughness value of 46 J/cm2. Sub-critical HAZ (SCHAZ) forms tempered martensite, causing the joint to soften and the tensile strength to decrease by 18%. The number of variants in SCHAZ is the lowest, where short laths with smaller misorientations merge into long laths, and precipitates nucleation and growth occurs. The uniform orientation of the variants in SCHAZ forms low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs), which reduces the hindrance to crack propagation, so the mechanical properties of SCHAZ decrease. In addition, the texture analysis found that UCHAZ has the highest 〈001〉//RD orientation volume fraction, indicating that UCHAZ is most prone to rapid expansion of brittle cracks on the {001} cleavage plane, so the toughness of UCHAZ is reduced. SCHAZ has the highest {001}〈110〉 texture volume fraction and the lowest proportion of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGB), indicating that the deformed grain structure with the {001} cleavage planes distributed along the LAGB after welding heat tempering is the main reasons for the delamination of SCHAZ.

Causal relationship between gut microbiota with subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization study.

Numerous studies have revealed associations between gut microbiota and adipose tissue. However, the specific functional bacterial taxa and their causal relationships with adipose tissue production in different regions of the body remain unclear. We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) study using aggregated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for gut microbiota and adipose tissue. We employed methods such as inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode to assess the causal relationships between gut microbiota and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) as well as visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger regression intercept analysis, and MR-PRESSO were used to test for heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and outliers of the instrumental variables, respectively. Reverse MR was employed to evaluate the reverse causal relationships between SAT, VAT, and gut microbiota with significant associations. IVW results demonstrated that Betaproteobacteria were protective factors for SAT production (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80-0.96, p = 0.005) and VAT production (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83-0.99, p = 0.030). Various bacterial taxa including Ruminococcaceae UCG002 (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89-0.99, p = 0.017), Methanobacteria class (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92-1.00, p = 0.029), and Burkholderiales (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83-0.98, p = 0.012) were associated only with decreased SAT production. Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02-1.10, p = 0.005), Eubacterium hallii group (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.15, p = 0.028), Peptococcaceae (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.17, p = 0.034), and Peptococcus (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00-1.10, p = 0.047) were risk factors for SAT production. Meanwhile, Eubacterium fissicatena group (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.99, p = 0.019), Turicibacter (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88-0.99, p = 0.022), and Defluviitaleaceae UCG011 (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89-0.99, p = 0.024) were protective factors for VAT production. Furthermore, Bacteroidetes (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01-1.17, p = 0.018), Eubacterium eligens group (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01-1.19, p = 0.037), Alloprevotella (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00-1.10, p = 0.038), and Phascolarctobacterium (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.00-1.15, p = 0.042) were associated with VAT accumulation. Additionally, reverse MR revealed significant associations between SAT, VAT, and Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group (IVW: OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.18-2.09, p = 0.002) as well as Betaproteobacteria (IVW: OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01-1.29, p = 0.029), both acting as risk factors. Sensitivity analyzes during bidirectional MR did not identify heterogeneity or pleiotropy. This study unveils complex causal relationships between gut microbiota and SAT/VAT, providing novel insights into the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of gut microbiota in obesity and related metabolic disorders.

The Impact of Extreme Temperatures on Grain Production in the Huaihe River Basin

The Huaihe River Basin is an important major grain producing area in China, maintaining the stability of grain output is of great significance to food security. However, with global warming, the frequency of extreme temperature events has increased, and the frequent meteorological disasters have brought great challenges to the stable supply of food production. In this paper, the impact of extreme temperature on grain production in the Huaihe River Basin was analyzed by using the daily temperature and agricultural production related data of 28 prefecture-level cities in the Huaihe River Ecological Economic Belt from 2001 to 2020. The following conclusions are drawn: 1) The influence coefficient of extreme high temperature on grain production in the Huaihe River Basin is -0.021, extreme low temperature has no significant impact on food production. 2) The effects of extreme temperature on food production in different regions in the river basin were heterogeneous, but the overall impact was negative. The influence coefficients of extremely high temperature days on the eastern region and Midwest region were -0.035 and -0.052, respectively, while the influence coefficients of extremely low temperature days on the eastern region were -0.413. The results showed that the increase in the number of extremely high temperature days would reduce production in the eastern region andMidwest region of the basin, while the northern region was not significantly affected by extreme heat. The increase in the number of extremely low temperature days will reduce grain production in the eastern region, and the impact on the Midwest region and the northern region will not be significant. Based on the above conclusions, three suggestions are put forward to maintain the safety of food production in the Huaihe River Basin: 1) enhance the ability to detect climate change in the basin; 2) Protect the stability of grain cultivated land in the river basin; 3) Innovative breeding of climate-resilient food crop seeds.

Agricultural Efficiency in Different Regions of China: An Empirical Analysis Based on Dynamic SBM-DEA Model

This study applies the dynamic slacks-based measure (DSBM) and the total-factor agricultural efficiency (TFAE) to explore the overall agricultural production efficiency of 30 administrative regions and the eastern, central, and western regions of China from 2012 to 2016. The previous literature has mainly focused on China’s economic development and experience, but as the economy continues to grow, more food is needed and agricultural labor is shifting to urban areas. Little attention has been paid to the impact of limited agricultural land on agricultural production efficiency. Therefore, this paper uses the agricultural land area as the carry-over variable and uses agricultural labor, total agricultural machinery power, rural electricity consumption, agricultural fertilizer use, and agricultural GDP as variables to discuss the efficiency of agricultural production in different regions. The empirical results show that from 2012 to 2016, the best administrative region in terms of overall agricultural production efficiency in China was the east. In terms of the overall analysis of the region, the east had the highest overall agricultural production efficiency, while the central region had the lowest. The input variable that needed the most improvement was rural electricity consumption, with the largest adjustment in rural electricity consumption being observed in Hebei and Liaoning provinces of the eastern region. Furthermore, from 2012 to 2016, both overall agricultural production efficiency and agricultural GDP showed upward trends. However, adjustments are still needed for other relevant agricultural input variables to effectively allocate resources and improve the overall agricultural production efficiency.

Marketing strategies for the development of regional poultry markets

The article considers the main characteristics of the attractiveness of regional markets for enterprises such as product manufacturers and trade enterprises, namely: intensity of competition; availability of local producers of products in the region; availability of solvent population in the region; population density; the presence of a developed trade network for the sale of poultry products; growth rates of market capacity. The proposed model for determining marketing strategies for the development of regional markets is given, which is based on the construction of a «three by three» matrix, the cells of which are located within a five-point system, drawing the distribution limit at intervals of 1.0; 3.0 and 5.0 points according to the results of the study of product consumption. To build the matrix, the results of the consumption of poultry products in different regions of Ukraine were used: vertically «attractiveness of the regional market» (growth rates of consumption of poultry products over the last 2 years in the regions); horizontally «competitiveness of the regional market» (the share of the total consumption of poultry products on the territory of Ukraine that is consumed in this region). When assessing the competitiveness and attractiveness of the regional market, the conversion of quantitative indicators into a normalized score was used. Based on the results of the study, the following marketing development strategies were proposed for the Ukrainian regional markets of poultry products: the strategy of protecting positions is recommended for enterprises that sell poultry meat in the Dnipropetrovsk and Donetsk oblasts; development strategy for enterprises selling poultry meat in the Kharkiv oblast and the city of Kyiv; selective development strategy for enterprises selling poultry meat in Vinnytsia, Kyiv, Kirovohrad, Luhansk, Lviv, Mykolaiv, Odesa, Zhytomyr and Sumy oblasts; harvest strategy for enterprises selling poultry meat in Volyn, Zaporizhzhia, Poltava, Rivne, Ternopil, Kherson, Khmelnytskyi and Chernihiv oblasts; harvest elimination strategy for enterprises selling poultry meat in Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Cherkasy and Chernivtsi oblasts. Keywords: marketing strategies of development, regional markets of poultry products, matrix, competitiveness of the regional market, attractiveness of the regional market, enterprises, trade intermediaries, consumers of products, normalized assessment.

Поліморфізм мікросателітних локусів хромосоми 5H ячменю (Hordeum vulgare L.) і асоціації алелів з морозостійкістю

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a crop of great economic importance for many countries of the world, including Ukraine. One of the main reason limiting barley production in different regions of Ukraine is low-temperature stress. Prediction of frost resistance in the development and choice of resistant genotypes is one of the main tasks of the breeding. Applying the tools of molecular genetic analysis involves increasing the efficiency of traditional methods of identification and genotype screening with the necessary traits in a specific climatic area. The 5H chromosomal loci are a component of a complex system of genes involved in the formation of resistance to low negative temperatures. The polymorphism and allele distribution of nine microsatellite loci in chromosome 5H, which are localisation in the region of the key NT- resistance genes Fr-H1, Fr-H2 and close to these regions in 35 varieties of the autumn barley collection, were studied. Allelic polymorphism with the presence of two (UMB702) to five (Bmag0223) alleles was detected at the loci Bmag0223, Bmag0323, Bmag0760, GMS061 and UMB702. The frost resistance of 31 varieties with different durations of hardening was evaluated and essential differences between them were noted for this feature. According to the results of the analysis of polymorphism of microsatellite loci and data on evaluation of varieties for frost resistance, the connection of allelic differences of four out of five polymorphic loci with the level of frost resistance and hardening rates was revealed. Reliable associations were established between the presence of alleles Bmag0223, Bmag0323, Bmag0760, GMS061 and indicators of the level of frost resistance. Allelic differences at the UMB702 locus were not associated with differences in any of the traits. Alleles of the microsatellite locus Bmag0223 are recommended for negative choice of less frost-resistant barley genotypes at the early plant breeding stages.

Comparison of Viral Production and Decay Rates at the Surface and Bottom of the Euphotic Zone in the Summertime in the Southern East China Sea

Viral dynamics are the result of the balance between the rates of viral production and decay. Here, we have carried out independent measurements of viral production and decay rates in different depths of the southern East China Sea in summer (August and October 2021). In this study, the prevalence of viral abundance at the surface waters (14.2~27.6 × 105 viruses mL−1) was significantly higher than the bottom of the euphotic zone (2.9~12.6 × 105 viruses mL−1). As for viruses to bacteria ratio (VBR) values, we found a wide variability both at the surface (1.4 to 3.2) and bottom of the euphotic zone (2.1 to 16.2). The results of our study showed that at all stations examined, in the southern East China Sea, the values of gross viral production (GVP) were significantly higher in the sunlit surfaces compared to the bottom of the euphotic zone. In particular, our analysis indicates that no significant viral decay rates (VD) were observed in some regions at the bottom of the euphotic zone. Here, we also provide a budget for viral abundance and net viral production in different regions in the southern East China Sea. The GVP or VD is not applicable in our case to explain VBR is high at bottom of the euphotic zone. The mechanisms underlying VBR uncoupling, viral production, and viral loss in marine systems are still being investigated.

Screening and the ability of biogenic amine-degrading strains from traditional meat products in Inner Mongolia

Biogenic amines (BAs) are widely contained in fermented meat products and are harmful to human health with high level content. Reducing BAs content with microorganisms that don't produce decarboxylase seems beneficial. This study screened three strains had the capacity to degrade BAs from meat products in different regions of Inner Mongolia. Three strains were screened because they didn't have amino acid decarboxylase activity and had good growth performance and abilities of acid producing, salt resistance and antibacterial. X22-2 and HX2-1 were identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and X6-6 was identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus through 16S rDNA sequencing. All the three strains could degrade seven kinds of BAs, especially the tryptamine and phenethylamine. The reduced content of tryptamine of the three strains were all above 93 mg/L. Both the suspension and supernatant of the three strains effectively degraded BAs content produced by BA-producing bacteria (Enterococcus faecium, E. faecalis, and Enterobacter aerogenes). Tryptamine and phenethylamine could not be detected both in suspension and supernatant of the three strains in the medium containing Enterobacter aerogenes. In view of their good fermentation capacity and strong ability to reduce BAs, the three strains can be used as starter cultures in meat products.

Analysis of Regional Satellite Clock Bias Characteristics Based on BeiDou System

With the continuous development of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), the calculation theory and strategy of the global Satellite Clock Bias (SCB) tends to be mature. However, in some eventualities with restricted conditions, the calculation and application of the global SCB are limited; hence, the application of regional SCB is derived. This paper focuses on the quality of regional SCB products in different regions, calculates three groups of regional SCB products, and analyzes their properties and application effects. We expand the double-differenced assessment method for SCB and extend satellite clock accuracy assessment to regional satellite clock products. Additionally, the Regional Effect Bias (REB) is introduced to analyze the influence of the relative position of satellite geometry on the SCB products due to the regional effects. The conclusions are as follows: (1) In low-latitude regions, SCB products have a high degree of completeness and a large number of satellite observations, which is conducive to expanding the positioning application range of regional SCB; (2) the low-latitude regions SCB will be affected by ionospheric activity, and the accuracy will be slightly lower than that of satellite clocks deviation in mid-latitudes; (3) in this paper, the REB in this area is in the level of 10−7. The experiment displays the result that the values of REB in low-latitude areas are larger, leading to fluctuated Precise Point Position (PPP) results. However, there are fewer stations in the mid-latitude regions, which will also affect the accuracy of PPP; (4) the accuracy of the positioning results of the regional satellite clock deviation in the Chinese region is higher than that of the global clock.

Rainfall Consistency, Variability, and Concentration over the UAE: Satellite Precipitation Products vs. Rain Gauge Observations

Recent advancements in remote sensing have led to the development of several useful technologies that would significantly improve our understanding of atmospheric sciences. The ability to identify atmospheric conditions and determine the possibility and intensity of rainfall over a specific location represents one of the most important advantages. However, the use of remote sensing to measure precipitation in arid regions has revealed significant disparities due to a mixture of climatic and terrestrial factors. The objective of this study is to assess the precipitation consistency, variability, and concentration over the UAE using four multi-satellite remote sensing products, namely CHIRPS, CMORPH, GPM-IMERG, and the PERSIANN-CDR, considering daily rainfall data from 50 rain gauges for the period from 2004 through 2020. The study area is divided into various geomorphological regions to assess the accuracy of the products in different regions. Results reveal that the products with a finer spatial resolution such as CHIRPS and CMORPH are better in terms of annual and daily average values. CHIRPS and GPM-IMERG demonstrated better POD values of 0.80 and 0.78, respectively, while CMORPH and the PERSIANN-CDR showed POD values of 0.72 and 0.44, respectively. The correlation and error estimate analysis showed that the performance of different products varies in each region. The PERSIANN-CDR registered the highest correlation of 0.8 for the East Coast, while for other regions it could not correlate well. IMERG and CHIRPS were able to exhibit a good correlation value (up to 0.8) with the gauge observations. Precipitation concentration and variability analysis revealed that GPM-IMERG represents a better alternative to gauge data. It is concluded that multiple hydro-climatological measures should be utilized to assess the effectiveness of satellite products and select the best product for specific studies.

Screening of sweet and grain sorghum genotypes for green biomass production in different regions of Kazakhstan

Screening of sweet and grain sorghum genotypes for green biomass production in different regions of Kazakhstan

The Effectiveness Assessment of Agricultural Subsidy Policies on Food Security: Evidence from China's Poverty-Stricken Villages.

This paper builds a theoretical model based on a representative peasant household in the neoclassical model, comprehensively considers three types of farmer households in China, and evaluates the effects of the agricultural subsidy policy under equilibrium conditions. Based on the two bottom lines of guaranteeing China's grain security and ensuring no large-scale return to poverty, this paper uses 2010, 2012, and 2014 tracking survey data from the Mutual Aid Fund for Poverty-Stricken Villages in China to construct an econometric model to evaluate agricultural subsidy effectiveness from the three aspects of farmers' total sown area, total grain output, and total income. The research draws the following conclusions: (1) Agricultural subsidies can significantly increase the sown area, grain production, and total income of farmers in poverty-stricken areas, which is conducive to improving the farmers' comprehensive capacity for grain production as well as income, and this conclusion remains valid after performing a series of robustness tests and solving endogeneity problems. (2) The effects of the agricultural subsidy policy are affected by natural conditions, economic development levels, and functional orientation of grain production in different regions, and they have divergent influences on farmers' total sown area, total output, and total income. (3) Agricultural subsidies boost farmers' willingness to cultivate grain, reduce land abandonment, and increase the total sown area, total output, and total grain income. The willingness to cultivate grain is an important mechanism that affects the effectiveness of the agricultural subsidy policy.

Analysis of Extreme Rainfall and Natural Disasters Events Using Satellite Precipitation Products in Different Regions of Brazil

The number of natural disasters triggered by extreme events is increasing worldwide and significantly impacts modern society. Extreme rainfall is one of the most important factors contributing to these events. A better understanding of the physical process that causes extreme rainfall can allow rapid responses from decision-makers to lessen the impact of natural disasters on the local population. Satellite monitoring is widely used for this purpose and is essential for regions where terrestrial observations are limited or non-existent. The primary purpose of this study is to describe the performance of satellite products for extreme rainfall events that caused natural disasters in various climate regimes in Brazil and discuss the contribution of mesoscale convective systems (MCS) to these events. We defined regions based on the climatological rainfall distribution. Cases with rain values above the 99th percentile during 2012–2016 were considered statistically extreme. Our analysis is based on three datasets, with precipitation from (i) rain gauge stations, (ii) different satellite-based estimates, and (iii) mesoscale convective tracking data. The methodology was based on identifying extreme rainfall events, analyzing the performance of satellite precipitation estimates and, finally, quantifying the influence of convective systems on extreme rain. Although all regions of Brazil may be affected by natural disasters caused by extreme rains, the results suggest that the impacts caused in each region are different in magnitude. Convective systems explained over 90% of extreme rains in the case analyzed in Brazil’s south and about 60% to 90% of extreme rains in the case analyzed in the Northeast. In general, satellite products have identified rain events; however, in the southern region of Brazil, products have tended to overestimate rainfall, while other regions have tended to underestimate extreme rain values. The methods used in satellite precipitation estimation products have limitations to accurately identifying specific extreme rain events.

АНТИКРИЗИСНОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ МНОГОУКЛАДНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКОЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ САНКЦИЙ НА ОСНОВЕ КОНЦЕПЦИИ ДОМИНАНТНЫХ ФАКТОРОВ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА

The specifics of the development of the economy of the Russian Federation is its diversity, which implies the simultaneous existence of different subordinations of factors of production in different regions. So, in Stavropol and Ingushetia, capital is the dominant factor, in the Rostov region – land, Krasnodar Krai and Stavropol – labor. Consequently, each of the subjects is characterized by its own specifics of investment. To display the connections between production factors in the farm, the article uses the matrices of public reproduction presented in the concept of I. R. Bugayan. Based on the presented data, patterns in the investment features of each of the factors of production are noted.

A Comparative Study Between Linear Regression and Support Vector Regression Model Based on Environmental Factors of a Smart Bee Farm

Honey is one of the most significant ingredients in conventional food production in different regions of the world. Honey is commonly used as an ingredient in ethnic food. Beekeeping is performed in various locations as part of the local food culture and an occupation related to pollinator production. It is important to conduct beekeeping so that it generates food culture and helps regulate the regional environment in an integrated manner in preserving and improving local food culture. This study analyzes different types of environmental factors of a smart bee farm. The major goal of this study is to determine the best prediction model between the linear regression model (LM) and the support vector regression model (SVR) based on the environmental factors of a smart bee farm. The performance of prediction models is measured by R2 value, root mean squared error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). From all analysis reports, the best prediction model is the support vector regression model (SVR) with a low coefficient of variation, and the R2 values for Farm inside temperature, bee box inside temperature, and Farm inside humidity are 0.97, 0.96, and 0.44.

Optimizing textile dyeing wastewater for tomato irrigation through physiochemical, plant nutrient uses and pollution load index of irrigated soil

Reuse of wastewater for vegetable cultivation is becoming popular in order to augment the inadequate irrigation supplies and meet the growing demands of ground water for agriculture and industries production in different regions of the world. This study was investigated to optimize different stages of textile dyeing wastewater (TDW) for irrigation focusing on their effect on growth, yield and physiochemical attributes of tomato, plant nutrient use, heavy metals enrichment and pollution load of the irrigated soil. Textile wastewater were collected from the seven stages of (second wash after scouring and bleaching T2; enzyme treated water T3; second wash after bath drain T4; neutralization treatment T5; second wash after soaping T6; fixing treatment water T7; mixed effluent T8) of a dyeing process for physiochemical characterization and evaluation their irrigation feasibility for tomato cultivation in compare with the ground water (T1). The pot experiment consists of eight irrigation treatments was laid out following a completely randomized block design with three replications. Results showed the presence of plant nutrients and heavy metals in all the studied samples where T8 (mixed effluent) exceeded the limit of agricultural standard for almost all physiological parameters such as TDS, TSS, EC, BOD, COD affording the highest value. T8 also delivered the highest Cl- and heavy metals like Cd, Ni, Cr followed by T4 < T7. As a consequence, these provided comparatively higher enrichment factor (EF), pollution load index (PLI) and sodium absorption ratio (SAR) to transform fresh soil into the category of severe and slightly to moderate saline. Therefore, the yield and physiochemical attributes of tomato were dramatically reduced with T8 and T4 treatment. On the other hand, T2, T3 and T6 treatment had significant positive impact on growth and yield of tomato due to having higher N, P, K, S and lower heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr) than the recommended guideline. These features were contributed to cause minimum EF and PLI in the soil irrigated with T2, T3 and T6 stages of TDW. Correlation matrix demonstrated that EF and PLI of heavy metals (except Cd, Ni) were negatively related to yield, while positively related to SAR and fruit abortion. Although T6 (2nd wash after soaping) performed better in respect to growth, yield, yield attributes and nutrient use efficiency, principal component analysis revealed that T2 (2nd wash after scouring and bleaching) and T3 (enzyme treated water) were also belong to the same group of T6 and T1 (ground water). Thus, it may be suggested that T2, T3 and T6 stages of textile dyeing wastewater could be used profitably without ETP for vegetable cultivation and would effectively supplement not only the nutrient requirement of the crop but may also act as the alternate source of irrigation water. Although, further research is needed to sort out the health risk assessment through the heavy metals’ accumulation in the plant parts after irrigation with different stages of textile dyeing wastewater.

Quality Characteristics of Oolong Tea Products in Different Regions and the Contribution of Thirteen Phytochemical Components to Its Taste

Regionality is a term used in the tea industry to describe the particular style of tea produced by a growing region. Determining the characteristics of the tea of specific regions can help growers predict tea plant quality before harvesting and eventually production. As such, in this study, we collected representative Oolong tea samples from 15 regions in 8 countries. Quantitative description analysis (QDA) and a flavor wheel were used to analyze their sensory characteristics. Chemometrics was used to screen the phytochemical components that significantly contribute to the taste of Oolong tea. We preliminarily obtained 35 sensory characteristic descriptors and constructed a flavor wheel for Oolong tea. We found that Oolong tea in each region has unique sensory quality characteristics. The content of thirteen phytochemical components of Oolong tea in different regions widely varied, and the average coefficient of variation was 45.56%. Among of them, we found the largest difference in free amino acids. We identified the relationship between taste sub-attributes, and the thirteen phytochemical components was found through correlation analysis. Finally, we selected phytochemical components with significant effects on five taste sub-attributes that were selected from the thirteen detected phytochemical components. The construction of the Oolong tea flavor wheel can help realize the qualitative and quantitative sensory evaluation of Oolong tea from different origins and contribute to the quality identification and directional improvement of Oolong tea products.