Competition In Product Research Articles

Construction and Practice of Professional Group Training Base of Intelligent Construction and Management under the Background of Integration of Production and Education and Post Class Competition Certificate

This paper studies the construction and practice of intelligent construction and management professional group training base under the background of the integration of on-the-job course certification and production and education. Through the in-depth analysis of the current market demand and talent training status in the field of intelligent construction and management, a training base construction mode based on the integration of post class competition certificate and production and education is proposed. This model takes the practical project as the platform, combines the theoretical teaching with the practical operation closely, aims to comprehensively improve the students' practical ability and comprehensive quality. The paper also introduces the concrete implementation plan and achievements of the training base construction in detail, and probes into the future development direction and challenges.

The energy-saving effect of industrial chain synergistic division: Evidence from China's industrial chain

Under the influence of global trade policies, countries gradually build their entire industrial chains, and industrial policies show a localized development trend. In this context, what impact will the industrial chain localization policy have on the low-carbon transition and high energy efficiency? It is significant for achieving the energy conservation and emission reduction goal. Therefore, this paper uses non-competitive input-output tables from 2002 to 2017 to construct China's domestic industrial chain panel data. We combined the econometric model to explore the influence of industrial chain synergistic division on energy intensity. The research found that the industrial chain synergistic division effect can significantly reduce energy intensity. The results were robust after some endogeneity tests. Secondly, the energy-saving effect brought by the synergistic division is more obvious in high-energy dependence and high-stage industrial chains. There is still room to improve the production efficiency brought by the division network effect. Finally, the industrial chain synergistic division can reduce energy intensity by improving labor productivity, enterprise productivity, and enterprise competition mechanism. This study can provide targeted policy recommendations for China to achieve structural energy-saving. It can also provide a reference for other countries to achieve carbon neutrality.

The Business Model of Twitter in Social Media

Nowadays, the competition between enterprises is not the competition of products but the competition between business models. For Internet enterprises that mainly provide virtual products and services, the importance of the business model is even more self-evident. In the mobile Internet environment, the future development trend of the Internet is social network media. Twitter, as an application platform of microblogging technology, occupies an essential position in the new media field with its characteristics of rapid release of information and extensive dissemination. This paper combines the investigation method and literature method from the characteristics of Twitter, user characteristics, and business data analysis of a comprehensive understanding of Twitter, a business model based on the analysis of the deep high-income user market, consolidate B2B market share, develop sex users, optimize the shopping system, in order to consolidate its industry-leading position in the field of new media.

Smooth sailing ahead? Policy options for China's new energy vehicle industry in the post-subsidy era

The Chinese government views the development of new energy vehicles (NEVs) as a key measure to achieve sustainable development. In 2020, the government proposed the development goals of achieving carbon peak in the automotive industry around 2028 and ensuring NEV sales account for over 50 % by 2035 (referred to as the “two objectives”). Against the backdrop of the cancellation of NEV purchase subsidies in 2023, it is crucial to investigate the direction and intensity of various industry policies' effects and actively adjust industrial policies to achieve the “two objectives”. From the perspective of the Multi-level Perspective (MLP), the technological transition in the automotive industry is a process of legitimacy transfer between new and old technologies driven by the interaction of socio-technical landscape, socio-technical regime, and niches at three levels. This paper, based on the MLP, constructs a system dynamics (SD) model that includes four loops: research and development (R&D), production, sales, and legitimacy competition. Using the SD model, we analyze the direction and intensity of existing policies, in addition to five potential policies, to achieve the objectives. Our findings indicate that without policy adjustments, China's current measures will not meet the “two objectives” in a timely manner. Prioritizing battery recycling, curtailing fuel vehicle (FV) production, facilitating scrapping of FVs and enacting carbon trading policies are pivotal for progress, contrasting with the modest impact of R&D subsidies. A coordinated policy strategy coupled with expedited carbon trading initiatives is essential for the NEV sector's post-subsidy transition to meet the objectives.

Optimal production cooperation strategies for automakers considering different sales channels under dual credit policy

The dual credit policy has significantly facilitated the market penetration of new energy vehicles. However, the best strategy for production collaboration, particularly when considering diverse sales channels, remains underexplored. In this study, a duopolistic market scenario is examined where a new energy vehicle automaker sells directly to end-users and a fuel vehicle automaker resells to consumers through a car dealer. We developed a game-theoretical model to analyze optimal decisions under three distinct strategies: pure competition (pc), commission sales (cs), and mixed production (mp). The findings are as follows: (1) The new energy vehicle credits rate and fuel consumption standards exhibit similar effects. While impacting the range effort levels minimally, these standards notably reduce the fuel-saving rate of fuel vehicles, questioning the efficiency of restrictive policies. (2) With the rise in credit trading prices, there is an increase in equilibrium decisions and profits for both the pc and mp strategies, suggesting that higher credit prices incentivize automakers to optimize their strategies, leading to better results. (3) The strategic choice of the automakers is heavily influenced by the credit trading price. The energy vehicle automaker tends to prefer the pc strategy, while the fuel vehicle automaker's preference alternates between mp and cs, depending on market conditions.

Welfare regimes in Asia: convergent or divergent?

While existing scholarship predominantly focuses on the evolution of welfare regimes in advanced Western economies, there has been limited investigation into the trajectories of such systems in the Asia-Pacific region. This study presents a nuanced analysis of welfare regimes in 20 Asian countries, examining their transformation since the 2000s through principle component analysis and clustering algorithms. Contrary to the predictions of comparative political economy and international political economy theories, the findings reveal that these nations neither exhibit a strict divergence in welfare patterns nor converge strictly towards market-driven commodification. Instead, they adopt a balanced approach, harmonizing elements of both commodification and decommodification. This flexibility allows them to navigate complex challenges, including productivity competition, external shocks, and internal inequality. The study suggests that this balanced approach may act as a positive feedback mechanism, enabling these countries to adapt to both global economic pressures and domestic social imperatives.

Use ofPrize Competitions to Develop Advanced Military Medical Capabilities.

Research and development of military-required innovations are usually funded through the issuance of grants and contracts. The limitations of these funding methods are the a priori specifications and objectives that limit creativity and often do not produce capabilities beyond the desired outcomes or leverage the best ideas and solutions available. This limited engagement of commercial industry to develop military-required innovations usually relies solely on government funding and receipt of proposals from companies whose business model is built on receiving government grants and contracts, with the government owning most of the risks. Because the produced capabilities or products are designed to be military-unique, there is a limited or no commercial market available, usually driving the price per unit extremely high to the point that the military cannot afford to procure products in quantities sufficient to enable businesses to keep production lines open, however, for military-required or desired capabilities or products that have a commercial market, there are other funding pathways available to develop products by partnering with industry, academia, and other non-government organizations and leveraging their ideas and funding. One such way of engaging the commercial industry is through the use of prize competitions. This often under-utilized pathway has several notable strengths such as (1) reduced risks and costs for the military to develop novel capabilities and products; (2) new and novel creative solutions to solve military problems; (3) utilizing a results-oriented approach that funds the successful achievement of acceptance criteria versus funding of potential to achieve; (4) enticing investors by increased competition for a successful product or capability; and (5) delivery of a commercially available, affordable, field-tested, and viable capabilities and products. Prize competitions may be used by any/all federal agencies as authorized by Congressional Public Laws and Federal regulations. The specifics of this pathway for funding pathway and applications for use by medical researchers, developers, and project/program managers are spelled out in the article, along with the regulatory guidance and resources for finding out more about current and past prize competitions.

Multicommodity international agricultural trade network equilibrium: Competition for limited production and transportation capacity under disaster scenarios with implications for food security

The number of people affected by disasters, including man-made ones, is on the rise globally, with rising food insecurity being one of the most critical impacts. Disasters, both sudden-onset and slow-onset ones, can cause disruptions to the production and transportation of agricultural commodities. Having the tools that can quantitatively assess the changes in agricultural commodity shipment volumes and their prices under disruptions caused by disaster scenarios is of major importance. In this paper, we utilize the theory of variational inequalities as the methodology to construct a multicommodity international agricultural trade network equilibrium model, which contains novel features of capacities on the production and transportation of multiple agricultural commodities to capture competition. The model includes exchange rates and accounts for multiple routes and possibly distinct transportation modes and combinations. Theoretical results are given and an algorithm is proposed. A series of numerical examples, both illustrative and algorithmically solved ones, inspired by Russia’s war on Ukraine, highlight the effects of reduced production and transportation capacities on food security in the Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries of Lebanon and Egypt. We also include sensitivity analysis results for exchange rates. The solutions reveal insights into the importance of the production and transportation capacities regarding food security, along with having multiple transportation routes that are cost-efficient as well as the importance of the magnitude of exchange rates.

Optimal Monetary Policy with Government-Provided Unemployment Benefits

Abstract This paper considers a standard New Keynesian model with matching frictions and explores the impact of modeling the opportunity cost of employment as government unemployment transfers. The findings reveal that under such circumstances, maintaining full price stability at all times ceases to be optimal. This outcome persists even when production subsidies are introduced to address inefficiencies caused by imperfect competition in product and factor markets, and when wages are fully flexible and the Hosios condition holds. For a realistic calibration of the opportunity cost, the Ramsey-optimal policy necessitates a positive inflation rate with high volatility. The degree of inflation volatility required increases with the magnitude of unemployment transfers. Consequently, committing to an inflation targeting regime proves to be highly costly in this context. Additionally, the study demonstrates that the optimal inflation variability decreases with workers’ bargaining power. This is because higher workers’ bargaining power leads to reduced labor market fluctuations, thereby lowering the need for large inflation adjustments.

Forced to innovate? Consequences of United States' anti-dumping sanctions on innovations of Chinese exporters

This study examines how trade protection, particularly anti-dumping sanctions on foreign exports, impacts innovations developed by affected foreign firms. Using data on anti-dumping sanctions levied by the United States (US) government on Chinese exports and on domestic patents associated with the sanctioned products developed by Chinese firms in China, our difference-in-differences estimates show that such anti-dumping sanctions imposed by the US on Chinese products significantly increased the total number of patented innovations produced by the firms exporting from China targeted by the sanctions. This effect is boosted during the pro-innovation national policy period launched by China in 2006. Moreover, we ascertain a critical scope condition that targeted exporting firms increase more-substantive innovations, rather than more-marginal ones, that likely increase the value-added of their products. Overall, these findings suggest that anti-dumping sanctions could lead to an unintended consequence of prompting targeted exporting firms to enhance their innovations in order to elevate the value-added of their products, thus enabling these firms to escape the price competition of lower value-added products and mitigate the risk of future anti-dumping sanctions. This outcome means that, in an effort to protect lower-end domestic manufacturers, protectionist policies could actually intensify the competition faced by higher-end domestic manufacturers via increasing the innovations of affected foreign firms. These outcomes might not only alter the structure of product-market competition, but also contribute to greater technological competition in the future.

Do you want to know a secret? Strategic alliances and competition in product markets

Strategic alliances make firms’ boundaries permeable to information leakages that may benefit the competitive position of partnering firms. In this paper, we examine the implications of information leakage on the incentives to join a strategic alliance and the nature of competition in the product market. We show that information leakage can trigger opportunistic behaviours in which firms engage in unprofitable alliances simply because the possibility of learning sensitive information about their competitors increases the expected private rents that firms earn when competing in the product market. Thus, our findings uncover a purely informational mechanism through which information leakage affects the incentives to join a strategic alliance that does not rely on the firm’s ability to absorb spillovers from other firms. We also show that the incentives to devise alliances to gain access to the partner’s sensitive private information may remain even if the negatively affected firm can pursue compensation for the damage that this deceptive business practice may cause.

The geoeconomics of infrastructures: viewing globalization and global rivalry through a lens of infrastructural competition

ABSTRACT In the current triad competition between the US, the EU, and China, globalization-relevant infrastructures serve both as the means and ends of conflicts. This paper asks how this historical constellation of geoeconomic competition has changed the infrastructure policy of its centers. Its political-economic perspective discusses infrastructures not just in terms of their strategic instrumentalization, but also of their role in global production and geoeconomic competition. It underlines how infrastructures serve as fixes that counteract internal crisis dynamics and allow for an expansion of productive activity. The paper undertakes an empirical comparison of the triad centers’ central infrastructural measures and flagship projects. The results highlight a shared reorientation towards infrastructure policy that is driven by internal crisis dynamics and external competition over contested markets. Yet, it also reveals the varieties of infrastructural approaches as regards political objectives, modes of policy-making, and the role of national businesses.

Message strategy in short film production competition for strengthening film ecosystem

Background: Film festivals in Indonesia are mostly used by filmmakers as a premiere space and showcase their work. The pandemic delayed the festival, which was not even held then, while film production was delayed. The Film, Music, and Media Directorate organize a Short Film Production Competition to strengthen the film ecosystem. A communication strategy must convey information to match the community’s expectations and the program’s objectives. Purpose: Therefore, this study aims to analyze the competition’s message orientation and message style. Methods: This research uses qualitative methodology with a case study approach based on Kotler’s marketing management and Joep Cornelissen’s message strategy model. Researchers obtained preliminary data from publication content with the highest number of ‘Likes’ on Instagram @pusbangfilm, then classified based on the series of activities of this competition to get an overview of the message strategy. Results: This research shows results that Hashtags, Colors, Fonts, and other visual elements emotionally attract attention the first time. Choosing words, language, and who conveys it becomes a stronger attraction. It is necessary to bring added value from the program, for example, with Behind the Scene content. Positive testimonials from various parties are also important messages conveyed. The general description of the program and the purpose of the program influenced the determination of the message theme so that it adjusted message orientation and in what style conveyed the message to stakeholders. Implication: Competition or festival organizers design messages following the objectives to be achieved from organizing the festival or competition.

Analisis Bauran Pemasaran Terhadap Tingkat Penjualan Roti UD Nabila Bakery Di Desa Kalasey Kecamatan Mandolang

This study aims to identify and analyze the application of the marketing mix in increasing sales at UD Nabila Bakery in Kalasey Village, Mandolang District. The method of data collection in this study uses primary data, where the primary data is obtained through interviews with 4(four) respondents which include product variations, price variations, sales condisitions and promotion. Meanwhile, secondary data was obtained through interviews with the owner of UD Nabila Bakery. The results of this study, it shows the application of the marketing mix in increasing sales volume at UD Nabila Bakery, namely in terms of products, the products produced are able to compete with competitors by always providing good quality both in terms of taste and texture of bread. In terms of price, UD Nabila Bakery sets a selling price that is relatively affordable considering its target market is from all walks of life. In terms of place/distribution channel, UD Nabila Bakery's bread has not been able to increase sales optimally due to competition for the same product, rising raw material prices and lack of expansion of the target market area, causing a decline in sales of the bread. And in terms of promotion, UD Nabila Bakery's bread still uses a simple promotion system, namely through word of mouth. So it has not been able to increase sales to the maximum. The increase in sales of UD Nabila Bakery's bread could occur because the product strategy and pricing strategy used were able to attract consumers to repurchase the products offered. With increasing consumer interest, there will be an increase in sales of UD Nabila Bakery's bread.

Antecedents and Consequences of ICT Adoption in MSME

The Fourth Industrial Revolution stimulated by digital transformation hasimproved the way we live in this world, do our jobs and communicate with each other. The businesses have started to use ICT extensively to improve operations.In fact,Van et al. (2003) findings revealed that investments in technologywere a significant factor in United States better productivity growth than that of Europe in late 1990s.Thus, it becomes imperative for developing nations to devoteresources and adopt ICT in order to increase productivity and beat competition. The present research is an attempt to understand the factors that determine the adoption of ICT by MSMEs that enable them to perform better inemerging economies like India. The present study uses Technology Organisation Environment framework to elicit factors that determine ICT adoption intentions in MSMEs. The results reveal the relative advantage, compatibility of technology and management support have a strong impact on ICT adoption intention of MSMEs. Also complexity of technology has a significant inverse (negative) impact on ICT adoption intention while as decentralised decision making has no impact on ICT adoption intention. Lastly the firms that have high ICT adoption intention tend to have better firm performance.

Corporate restructuring at Tata Steel Ltd

Research methodology The case was developed from secondary sources and interviews with a security analyst. The secondary sources include company annual reports, news reports, analyst reports, industry reports, company websites, stock exchange websites and databases such as Bloomberg and CMIE Prowess. Case overview/synopsis Increasing competition in product and capital markets has put tremendous pressure on managers to become more cost competitive. To address their firms' uncompetitive cost structures, managers may have to consider dramatic restructuring of their businesses. During 2014–2017, Tata Steel Ltd (TSL) UK considered a series of divestitures and a merger plan to nurse the company back to health. The case considers the economics of the restructuring plan. The case is designed to help students analyze a corporate downsizing program undertaken by a large Indian company in the UK and to highlight the dynamic role of the CFO and governance issues in family firms. It introduces students to issues surrounding a typical restructuring and provides students a platform to practice the estimation of value creation in a restructuring exercise. While some cases on corporate restructuring in the context of developed economies are available, there are very few cases written in an emerging market context. This case bridges that gap. TSL presents a unique opportunity to study corporate restructuring necessitated by a failed cross-border acquisition. It illustrates the potential for value loss in large, cross-border acquisitions. It shows how managerial hubris can prompt family firm owners to overbid in acquisitions and create legacy hot spots. In addition, the case can be used to discuss the causes of governance failures such as weak institutional monitoring and poor legal enforcement in emerging markets that could potentially harm minority shareholders. Complexity academic level The case was developed from secondary sources and interviews with a security analyst. The secondary sources include company annual reports, news reports, analyst reports, industry reports, company websites, stock exchange websites and databases such as Bloomberg and CMIE Prowess.

Food Crisis and Competitive Analysis of Selected Agricultural Products in Turkey

Agriculture has an important place in the Turkish economy. It is known that Turkey is the leading country in foreign trade in some agricultural products. The main purpose of this study is to test whether Turkey is a competitive country in agricultural products. In the study, Revealed Comparative Advantages (RCA) index was used to measure Turkey's competition in agricultural products. The study period covers the years 2000-2021. According to RCA index calculations, it was found that Turkey has disadvantages in 19 of 46 agricultural products and advantages in 27 of 46 agricultural products. These 27 agricultural products are divided into three as weak, medium and strong advantage levels. Accordingly, Turkey was found to have a weak advantage in 5 agricultural products, medium advantage in 9 agricultural products and strong advantages in 13 agricultural products.

Cluster organization of the economy is the basis for sustainable development of the state

The global economy is experiencing turbulence caused by sanctions and various kinds of restrictions, in connection with which the traditional chains of production and marketing of goods and services have been disrupted, many companies are becoming bankrupt. At the same time, business entities are beginning to truly understand the importance of cooperation and integration, and in these difficult conditions they are trying to more actively interact with other participants in market relations in order to overcome competition and sanctions.It has been established that clusters are currently a promising form of interaction between enterprises and organizations. Their capabilities allow us to withstand competition and increase production and sales volumes, enter new markets. To improve the efficiency of functioning of cluster structures, a number of directions have been proposed – optimization of cost, material and technical base of production, labor and material costs for production. Accounting for each of them in direct interaction with each other will make it possible to form in practice the appropriate mechanisms that give clusters advantages over competitors.

May It Be a Little Bit More of Market Power? On Productivity Growth and Competition

In its heart, competition represents an important driver of productivity growth that has slowed in European countries since the financial crisis. This study examines the non-linear relationship between productivity growth and market power, using data on Central European manufacturing firms, from 2009 to 2017. The results show concave relationships between both variables, and that firms in competitive industries respond more sensitively to market power. This study contributes to the literature by applying not only the standard firm-level measure of Lerner indexes, but also by calculating them from production functions and checking robustness with country-industry-level concentration measures.

The impact of corruption on SMEs’ access to finance: Evidence using firm-level survey data from developing countries

The present paper estimates the impact of bureaucratic corruption on access to finance for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the manufacturing sectors of 79 developing countries. Corruption can make it difficult for businesses to obtain financing by reducing profits, increasing credit demand, increasing the likelihood of bankruptcy, creating uncertainty about future profits, and exacerbating the asymmetric information problem between borrowers and lenders. Consistent with this viewpoint, our findings show that corruption significantly increases the likelihood of a manufacturing SME being financially constrained. A one standard deviation increase in the prevalence of corruption leads to a 3.5–4.9% point increase in the likelihood or probability of a manufacturing SME being financially constrained. In countries with credit bureaus and more freely functioning credit markets, the increase in the likelihood of being financially constrained due to higher corruption is much smaller. We argue and provide evidence that these heterogeneities stem from the specific ways in which corruption affects SMEs’ access to finance. Thus, the heterogeneities help to raise confidence against the omitted variable bias and reverse causality concerns with our estimation. We also find that higher corruption makes it more difficult for SMEs to access finance in more competitive product markets, as well as for small compared to medium-sized firms. The findings have important policy implications for anti-corruption initiatives, financial development, and the level of competition in product markets.