Color Products Research Articles

Organic dye fluorescent fibers for wearable devices

Organic fluorescent dyes are gradually gaining wide application in the fields of sensors, displays, and lighting. However, the use of organic fluorescent dyes for White light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) is still not sufficiently studied to be applied to the market. In this study, FR and FG with red and green fluorescence emission, respectively, were designed and synthesized, and two fluorescent dyes FB and FBP with aggregation-induced luminescence (AIE) properties were selected and dissolved in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solution (in the ratio of 0.15 wt%, 2 wt%, 2 wt%, 1 wt%, respectively) to make flexible fiber films with fluorescence emission by electrostatic spinning. These fluorescent fiber films still have 78% of luminescence intensity after five days of immersion in water. The fluorescence quantum yields of the four fiber membranes were 12.89% (FR/PAN), 6.23% (FG/PAN), 39.85% (FB/PAN), 11.51% (FBP/PAN), respectively. Then 460 nm light-emitting diode (LED) chips and 365 nm LED chips were used to make WLEDs respectively with their color product coordinates (CIEs) of (0.3176,0.3256) and (0.3144,0.3158). Based on the good flexibility and mechanical strength of the fiber films, we used them to fabricate the wearable bracelet. The results indicate that the organic dye-based fluorescent fiber film has good potential for application in the field of WLED and wearable devices.

Process development and techno-economic analysis of co-production of colorants and enzymes valuing agro-industrial citrus waste

Valorization of waste generated during industrial process has gained considerable attention in recent years. The citrus industry produces high amount of waste that can be used to obtain biomolecules with significant economic value. This study aims to investigate the potential of citrus by-product (CB) as carbon source for the co-production of red colorants (RC) and enzymes by the filamentous fungi Talaromyces amestolkiae in submerged cultivation using an orbital shaker. The microorganism was able to metabolize the CB employing their sugars as carbon source to the production of RC achieving a colorant yield of 0.016 g.L−1h−1 for batch when the culture media was supplemented with glucose and glutamate monosodium. Alongside the production of colorants, the microorganism also produced enzymes, including endo-glucanases, xylanase, and β-glucosidase (with the latter being the most abundantly produced, specifically 2.8 U/mL). Although the economic analysis of the process indicated that further improvements are required to make the current production of this colorant economically viable, especially if citrus waste is utilized as the main source material. Considering a biorefinery approach, the results achieved in this study are quite promising, given the generation of high commercial value commodities, such as natural colorants and enzymes, using citrus by-product.

Design of a baked good using food ingredients recovered from agro-industrial by-products of fruits

In the last few years, healthy foods have increasingly attracted consumers' interest, leading to an increase in sales worldwide. Using by-products from the agroindustry to produce healthy/fortified foods is a promising approach since peels and seeds of fruits have significant amounts of bioactive compounds. In this sense, this work evaluated the possibility to add fractions recovered from residues of orange, lime, and peach palm in a food product. First, the proximate, ultimate, and chemical composition of the residues was determined to identify the main substances that could be valorized. Then, the selected high-value-added molecules extracted from fruit residues were used to formulate a high-fiber brownie. A Box-Behnken experimental design was used to determine if fat replacement, flour replacement, and the addition of encapsulated extracts influenced the food product's color, texture, and humidity which were determined from the analysis of the texture profile of the samples. It was possible to identify with the help of an electronic tongue a formulation with similar properties to a commercial brownie but with enhanced functional properties due to the novel ingredients added, which could potentially improve consumers' health.

High efficiency biosynthesis of gardenia blue and red pigment by lactic acid bacteria: A great potential for natural color pigments.

Current production methods of the food colorants, gardenia blue (GB) and red (GR) pigments have low efficiency. One potential approach involves using lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which produce a high level of β-glucosidase, produce the GB and GR using non-toxic and harmless process. The isolated strain Lactobacillus plantarum S3 and the reference strain Lb. plantarum KCTC3104 showed high β-glucosidase activity levels of 1.01 and 1.44 unit/mL, respectively. The 12-h bioconversion yield of geniposide to genipin using two strains were 93.4% and 100%, respectively, which are high conversion percentage. For GB, the maximal production yield obtained using Lb. plantarum S3 and Lb. plantarum KCTC3104 under optimal conditions were 2.17 and 2.18mg/mL, respectively. For GR, glutamic acid (Glu) with Lb. plantarum S3 is the best combination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an effective alternative method for the production of natural food colorants using LAB.

Facile Synthesis of Hybrid Nanoflowers Using Glycine and Phenylalanine and Investigation of Their Catalytic Activity.

In the context of the proposed work, two different amino acids (Glycine, Phenylalanine) have interacted with copper ions in a phosphate buffer (PBS) in place of enzymes. This interaction resulted in the nucleation of copper phosphate crystals and the formation of flower-shaped amino acid-copper hybrid nanostructures (AA-hNFs), which grew through self-assembly. While Cu (II) ions in the structure of AA-hNFs were used as Fenton's agent for the catalytic activity. SEM, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements were used to define the AA-hNFs' characterisation. The peroxidase-like activities of AA-hNFs were investigated by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The morphology and composition of AA-hNFs were carefully characterized and the synthesized parameters were optimized systematically. Results showed that the nanoparticles were dispersed with an average diameter of 7-9 μm and indicated a uniform flower shape. The results of the investigation are anticipated to significantly advance a number of technical and scientific sectors.

Inside the History of Italian Coloring Industries: An Investigation of ACNA Dyes through a Novel Analytical Protocol for Synthetic Dye Extraction and Characterization.

The introduction of synthetic dyes completely changed the industrial production and use of colorants for art materials. From the synthesis of the first synthetic dye, mauveine, in 1856 until today, artists have enjoyed a wider range of colors and selection of chemical properties than was ever available before. However, the introduction of synthetic dyes introduced a wider variety and increased the complexity of the chemical structures of marketed dyes. This work looks towards the analysis of synthetically dyed objects in heritage collections, applying an extraction protocol based on the use of ammonia, which is considered favorable for natural anthraquinone dyes but has never before been applied to acid synthetic dyes. This work also presents an innovative cleanup step based on the use of an ion pair dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the purification and preconcentration of historical synthetic dyes before analysis. This approach was adapted from food science analysis and is applied to synthetic dyes in heritage science for the first time in this paper. The results showed adequate recovery of analytes and allowed for the ammonia-based extraction method to be applied successfully to 15 samples of suspected azo dyes from the Azienda Coloranti Nazionali e Affini (ACNA) synthetic dye collection, identified through untargeted HPLC-HRMS analyses.

Functional Food Development of Natural Colorant Additives from Mulberry Fruit Extract (Morus nigra L) with Bioactive and Hedonic Evaluation

All modern lifestyles such as unhealthy eating patterns and lack of exercise can trigger the accumulation of free radicals in the human body, where the human body cannot neutralize these free radicals fast enough because of the large number of free radicals that have accumulated in it. Therefore, antioxidant compounds need to be consumed to suppress free radicals. In this study, mulberry is promoted as a natural, functional, and dye source that has been explored for further applications in food and beverages. This research aims to develop natural coloring products from mulberry fruit through extraction and encapsulation processes. Furthermore, hedonic testing was also carried out to determine the panelist's preference level for jelly products using mulberry fruit dyes. Mulberry fruit is extracted, encapsulated by freeze drying method, and processed into a natural dye in jelly products. Mulberry fruit extract contains vitamin C 4.1 g/ml, anthocyanin content of 215.16 mg/L, and antioxidant activity of 73.25. Mulberry encapsulates can be used as a natural dye in jelly products. Based on hedonic testing, jelly products made from natural dyes have superior taste and texture. Further development of natural mulberry fruit encapsulated dyes needs to be done to increase solubility, color sharpness, aroma and color stability

Ssc-mir-221-3p regulates melanin production in Xiang pigs melanocytes by targeting the TYRP1 gene

BackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by down-regulating it. Several studies have suggested that miRNAs plays a crucial role in mammalian skin color production. The TYRP1 gene, a member of the tyrosine family, is an important candidate gene that affects melanogenesis. This study aimed to identify genes and miRNAs that affect melanin production in Xiang pigs by transcriptome sequencing, and to validate their targeted regulatory relationships.Results17 miRNAs and 1,230 genes were significantly differentially expressed (P < 0.05) in the black and white skin tissues of Jianbai Xiang pigs. miRNA-221-3p was identified as a candidate miRNA for melanin formation and its target gene, TYRP1, was selected. The TYRP1 gene is a member of the TYR gene family, which evolved from the TYR gene through chromosome segmental duplication. The function of the gene was highly conserved throughout the evolutionary process. overexpression of TYRP1 gene significantly increased the expression of TYR, TYRP1, and DCT genes P < 0.01, which led to an increase in the relative content of melanin. Silencing of TYRP1 through the use of TYRP1-siRNA significantly reduced the expression of TYR, TYRP1, and DCT genes in Jianbai Xiang pig melanocytes P < 0.01, which in turn decreased the relative melanin content. The targeted binding relationship between ssc-miR-221-3p and TYRP1 gene was validated. After transfection of porcine melanocytes with ssc-miR-221-3p mimic, the expression of ssc-miR-221-3p was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of TYR, TYRP1, and DCT genes were significantly down-regulated (P < 0.01), and melanin content in cells was significantly reduced (P < 0.01).ConclusionThe TYRP1 gene affects melanogenesis in melanocytes of Jianbai Xiang pigs, and ssc-miR-221-3p targets the TYRP1 gene to regulate melanogenesis in melanocytes of Jianbai Xiang pigs.

A histological analysis of coloration in the Peruvian mimic poison frog (Ranitomeya imitator).

Aposematism continues to be a phenomenon of central interest in evolutionary biology. The life history of the mimic poison frog, Ranitomeya imitator, relies heavily on aposematism. In order for aposematic signals to be effective, predators must be able to learn to avoid the associated phenotype. However, in R. imitator, aposematism is associated with four different color phenotypes that mimic a complex of congeneric species occurring across the mimic frog's geographic range. Investigations of the underlying mechanics of color production in these frogs can provide insights into how and why these different morphs evolved. We used histological samples to examine divergence in the color production mechanisms used by R. imitator to produce effective aposematic signals across its geographic range. We measured the coverage of melanophores and xanthophores (the area covered by chromatophores divided by total area of the skin section) in each color morph. We find that morphs that produce orange skin exhibit a higher coverage of xanthophores and lower coverage of melanophores than those that produce yellow skin. In turn, morphs that produce yellow skin exhibit a higher coverage of xanthophores and lower coverage of melanophores than those that produce green skin. Generally, across the morphs, a high ratio of xanthophores to melanophores is associated with colors of brighter spectral reflectance. Together, our results contribute to the understanding of color production in amphibians and document divergence in the histology of a species that is subject to divergent selection associated with aposematism.

Dual-mode sensing platform based on aptamer-tunable catalytic activity of mesoporous polydopamine/MnO2 nanozymes for detecting S. aureus

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections pose a serious threat to human health worldwide. Therefore, selective and accurate detection of S. aureus is necessary for preventing infections. Herein, we design the colorimetric-electrochemical sensing platform based on specific oligonucleotide (SA31 aptamer)-tunable oxidase-like activity of mesoporous polydopamine/MnO2 (MPDA/MnO2) nanozymes for the S. aureus detection. The MPDA/MnO2 nanozymes possess excellent oxidase-like activity and electrochemical property. MPDA/MnO2 nanozymes can catalyze the oxidation of TMB to generate TMB+ (blue color) and TMB2+ (yellow color) products. The oxidase-like activity of MPDA/MnO2 can be inhibited when the SA31 is adsorbed on the surface of the nanozymes. In the presence of S. aureus, SA31 aptamer desorbs from MPDA/MnO2 surface based on the specific identification between S. aureus and aptamer, resulting in the recovery of their oxidase-like activity. Based on the different oxidative degree of TMB, the color of sensing solution changes from blue to yellow, the electrochemical signals also have changed simultaneously. The colorimetric-electrochemical sensing platform can accurately detect S. aureus, showing a low detection limit in 3 CFU/mL (S/N = 3). Furthermore, the dual-mode sensing platform can be utilized for the accurate and specific detection of S. aureus in real sample with the recovery of 95.15%− 115.28%. This work based on SA31 aptamer-tunable oxidase-like activity of MPDA/MnO2 nanozymes provides a dual-mode assay for specific and accurate detection of S. aureus.

Green production of simultaneous coloration and functional finishing on hemp textiles through dyeing with Diospyros mollis Griff. extract

Nowadays, there is a rise in the production of eco-friendly, value-added textiles from natural substances. Some plant extracts can simultaneously dye and impart functionalities to textile fibers. The main goal of this study was the development of anti-UV and antibacterial hemp fabrics through dyeing with aqueous extracts obtained from Diospyros mollis Griff. Fruits without using any hazardous chemicals. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the dyeing process and evaluate parameter interactions. The optimal pH, dyeing concentration, dyeing temperature, and mordant concentration were 4, 200 %owf, 92°C, and 5.4 %owf, respectively. The dyed fabrics were evaluated for coloration properties (color strength and fastness properties) as well as functional properties (ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) and antibacterial activity).The resulting fabrics appeared black, and displayed satisfactory color strength along with satisfactory color fastness (ratings &gt; 4). The dyed fabrics exhibited good antibacterial activity against both S.aureus and E.coli (bacterial colony reduction &gt; 90%), however it was more pronounced against E.coli. The UPF of the dyed fabrics also achieved the maximum (40+) level, highlighting the excellent UV shielding property. Thus, Diospyros mollis Griff. fruit extract could be a new source of a natural black dye and functionalization agents for UV-protective and antimicrobial textile applications.

Analisis Pemilihan Warna Pada Industri Produk Kubah Putra Jamin Padangpanjang

AbstractIndustrial designs in the field of dome architecture have long-term potential to become sustainable projects. The choice of color is an element of art that cannot be separated from the architectural design of the dome wherever this product is applied. The research "Analysis of color selection in the Putra Jamin Padang Panjang dome product industry" aims to understand the ideal and long-lasting color selection for Enamel and decorative dome products accompanied by studies on the use of standard paint for car painting. The research method used is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach. This research is expected to contribute to similar business actors to be able to improve work quality in terms of color selection and product durability, so as to have products that have aesthetic value and high selling value.Keywords: dome, color, enamel, decorative.

Selection of a Proper Maturity Index for the Mechanical Harvesting of ‘Mihong’ Peach Fruit

Peaches are one of the most popular fruits around the globe. Selecting the optimum harvesting maturity for peaches is crucial in assuring high-quality fruits. This study is a model for determining the ideal harvest time for a robot harvester. Our study was carried out over two years on ‘Mihong’ peaches during days after full bloom (DAFB) 71 to 90 in 2021 and DAFB 64 to 84 in 2022 to select the optimal maturity index through a quality survey. The fruit size, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), firmness, peel color (L*, a*, b*, chroma, and hue), and ethylene production were investigated. Fruit size showed the regular double sigmoid curve, and SSC increased while firmness and TA decreased with time. The samples left in storage conditions in 2022 showed a massive change in SSC and firmness after DAFB 74, implying the optimum harvesting stage. Interestingly, color values manifest the same consequence with a*, b*, and hue by reaching a plateau with apex side color values after DAFB 74, indicating the desired maturity. Overall, the results show that color values are an outstanding non-destructive alternative to typical destructive measurements for determining the exact time to harvest ‘Mihong’ peaches.

Predictive Links between Petal Color and Pigment Quantities in Natural Penstemon Hybrids.

Flowers have evolved remarkable diversity in petal color, in large part due to pollinator-mediated selection. This diversity arises from specialized metabolic pathways that generate conspicuous pigments. Despite the clear link between flower color and floral pigment production, quantitative models inferring predictive relationships between pigmentation and reflectance spectra have not been reported. In this study, we analyze a dataset consisting of hundreds of natural Penstemon hybrids that exhibit variation in flower color, including blue, purple, pink, and red. For each individual hybrid, we measured anthocyanin pigment content and petal spectral reflectance. We found that floral pigment quantities are correlated with hue, chroma, and brightness as calculated from petal spectral reflectance data: hue is related to the relative amounts of delphinidin vs. pelargonidin pigmentation, whereas brightness and chroma are correlated with the total anthocyanin pigmentation. We used a partial least squares regression approach to identify predictive relationships between pigment production and petal reflectance. We find that pigment quantity data provide robust predictions of petal reflectance, confirming a pervasive assumption that differences in pigmentation should predictably influence flower color. Moreover, we find that reflectance data enables accurate inferences of pigment quantities, where the full reflectance spectra provide much more accurate inference of pigment quantities than spectral attributes (brightness, chroma, and hue). Our predictive framework provides readily interpretable model coefficients relating spectral attributes of petal reflectance to underlying pigment quantities. These relationships represent key links between genetic changes affecting anthocyanin production and the ecological functions of petal coloration.

Relationship between Plumage Colour and Egg Production Traits in Native Chicken

Present study was conducted in Bidar district of Karnataka, where 150 eggs were collected from surrounding five different villages. The eggs were hatched with 67% hatchability. Chicks were reared with all standard managemental practices. Twenty healthy female birds of different plumage colour namely brown, black and black with yellow tinge were selected and separated into three different pens before the laying stage (at 16th week). The first lay was observed in the brown plumage colour birds at 20th week of age followed by black and black with yellow tinge-coloured birds. Total number of egg produced, external qualities like egg weight, egg length, egg width and shape index were studied. The total number of eggs produced in brown, black &amp; black with yellow tinge were 468, 411 and 392 eggs, respectively. The study showed that brown coloured birds laid more eggs with significantly higher egg weight than other two coloured birds. Differences in egg length and egg width were statistically significant (P&lt;0.05) in three different plumage birds. The highest shape index was observed in black yellow tinge and was statistically different from the other two plumage colours.

The effect of color lightness on anticipated product comfort: The role of the lightness-softness cross-modal correspondence

The goal of this work is to investigate the influence of the color lightness-softness correspondence on a key product attribute: anticipated comfort. Across six studies, our results confirm that color lightness and product softness share a correspondence that is experienced across color hues and products. This correspondence leads to higher purchase intentions for products for which softness is desirable, and anticipated comfort mediates this effect. Further, haptic transference from adjacent objects, haptic priming through imagined touch, and haptic information relevance moderate the effects, and the intensity of effects declines once actual touch is possible, but the effects remain significant. We also rule out multiple alternative explanations (e.g., processing fluency, anticipated weight, arousal, product category color lightness expectations, and foreground-background contrast).

Pebble tools and colored rocks in the collection of the Late Palaeolithic site of Eliseevitchi 1 stored in Kustkamera Museum

The article presents a functional definition of several finds made by K.M. Polikarpovich at the initial stage of studying the most interesting and complex site of the Late Upper Paleolithic — Eliseevichi 1. Previously, a large number of stones found in the ash lens in the excavation area 2 (1936) were noted only as a specific feature of the cultural layer, but their categorical analysis was not carried out. This study focuses on the tools identified in the assemblage of «crystalline rocks» (hammerstones and tools for crushing raw materials for mineral colorants, including those with painted surfaces), and probably non-utilitarian objects — stones with colored blurs. Although the described groups consist of a small number of finds (see Table 1), they display high level of homogeneity of features on intra-group level, and the tools inclusion in the general production context of the industry as well as. This represents, on the one hand, a full cycle of the production of tools from local cretaceous flint, and on the other hand, all stages of the production of mineral colorants, from splitting pieces and burning them to “pencils” with traces of use, also founded in the collection. While the previous long-term interdisciplinary studies of the Eliseevichi 1 site established the complex character of the cultural layer formation, its accumulation over repeated visits to the cape by ancient groups, possibly even within several millennia, however, the assemblage of artifacts of granular rocks from the excavation space 2 (1936) seems to be a rather homogeneous complex, characterized by the stylistic unity, manifested through the coloring of individual surfaces of tools and split pebbles.

1-methylcyclopropene and Harvest Maturity Impact ‘Ma’afala’ Breadfruit Postharvest Storage

Breadfruit marketing is limited by its rapid ripening and deterioration after harvest; therefore, improved postharvest practices may facilitate breadfruit marketing. This study examined the effect of harvest maturity and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the postharvest quality of ‘Ma’afala’ breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis). Breadfruit was harvested at 13, 15, and 17 weeks after flowering, and half of each harvest was treated with 1 μL⋅L−1 of 1-MCP for 20 hours. During storage, the weight of the fruit, hand feeling, skin color, respiration rate, and ethylene production rate were evaluated every other day until the fruit deteriorated. Compared with untreated fruit, 1-MCP treatment delayed the climacteric respiratory peak by 6 days (65% delay), delayed complete softening by 7 days (63% delay), and increased uniformity in the number of days to the climacteric respiratory peak and complete softening. Skin discoloration was delayed during the earliest harvest period by 5 days (108% delay). Picking breadfruit at early harvest maturity may be useful for preventing discoloration, and 1-MCP may be useful for preventing softening.

Visual Sensor Arrays for Distinction of Phenolic Acids Based on Two Single-Atom Nanozymes.

Although great achievements have been made in the study of artificial enzymes, the design of nanozymes with high catalytic activities of natural enzymes and the further establishment of sensitive biosensors still remain challenging. Here, two nanozymes, i.e., ZnCoFe three-atom nanozyme (TAzyme) and Sn single-atom nanozyme (SAzyme)/Ti3C2Tx, are developed, which show peroxidase-like catalytic activities by catalyzing the reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP), and phenolic acids to generate colorimetric reactions. The involvement of different phenolic acids leads to the generation of different color products. These subtle color-variation profiles between these phenolic acids prompt us to exploit an electronic tongue based on the two nanozymes to distinguish phenolic acids. Data interpretation by the pattern recognition method, such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA), displays good clustering separation of six different phenolic acids at concentrations of 0.1 μM to 1 mM, validating the effectiveness of the colorimetric nanozyme sensor array.

Material and Imaging Analysis Procedure for the Investigation of Paintings in the Archbishop’s Palace of Seville

The Archbishop’s Palace of Seville harbours an important art collection with mostly works by great Renaissance and Baroque artists. However, the authorship of some paintings is unknown, and, in a few cases, there is an interest in discovering the painter due to the quality of the artwork. As a first step for this purpose, a systematic analysis procedure has been established using non-destructive techniques, such as UV photography and IR reflectography, to locate interventions and underpaintings, as well as X-ray fluorescence to identify original pigments and those of later interventions. The study following this established protocol is presented with the example of two paintings by unknown authors. They were made in different centuries representing, consequently, different styles. UV images showed several retouches, while IR reflectography revealed under-drawing and composition corrections (pentimenti). Furthermore, XRF identified the pigments applied in the production of the different colours and tonalities, allowing to characterise the artist’s palette, whose pigments generally agree with the dates when the artworks were produced. This study resulted in valuable information on painting materials and techniques, which will be useful in the search for authorships, among others.