Prices Of Products Research Articles

АНАЛІЗ ДИНАМІКИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ФІНАНСОВИХ РЕЗУЛЬТАТІВ В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ М’ЯСОПЕРЕРОБНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ

The article considers the issues of the essence and structure of operating expenses, analysis of the efficiency of their use and the degree of their impact on the final results of the enterprise. The essence of the main operating activities of the enterprise is disclosed. The classification of operating expenses by economic elements and cost items is presented. Article provides a classification of operating expenses by economic elements and cost items, as well as a classification of production costs by certain features. To confirm the theoretical provisions on the impact of the structure of operating expenses on the change in the financial results of an enterprise, an analysis of operating expenses is carried out on the example of food industry enterprises on the basis of the reporting forms for two years "Statement of Financial Results". This group of enterprises is characterized by a high level of material costs. At the same time, a number of enterprises have a significant share of other operating expenses or sales expenses. Such deviations were identified at two enterprises, which really influenced the change in the results from operating activities. The Group assessed the cost elements in the dynamics and structure, as well as by items in the formation of total operating expenses. The results of the analysis of the structure of operating expenses and total operating income made it possible to calculate the efficiency of operating expenses by determining the operating expenses profitability. Based on the results of the calculations, conclusions and proposals were made to reduce operating expenses or optimize them when setting product prices. To increase the efficiency of using operating expenses of operating activities, it is proposed to create a cost management mechanism in the structure of strategic planning of the enterprise, which would be based on the latest technical and technological principles of activity, which make it possible to process raw materials more deeply and increase the output per unit of raw materials, as well as to strengthen control over the use of raw materials by improving their accounting, especially complex cost items.

Determining the relationship between unemployment and minimum wage in Turkey

The minimum wage, which has increased more than tenfold in Turkey since 2014, has been a controversial topic for Turkish economic policy in the last few years. This controversy is due to a variety of factors including the high rate of minimum wage-bound workers and the minimum wage dropping below the hunger and poverty limits because of inflation despite rapid increase in the nominal minimum wage. The literature on the Turkish labor market, as well as the broader empirical and theoretical literature in economics, is divided about the employment effect of minimum wage. We hypothesized that the minimum wage has a positive and a Granger causal relationship with unemployment because the high rate of minimum wage bound workers suggests a minimum wage increase might introduce a lot of rigidity in the labor market. To test this hypothesis, we conducted Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression and Granger causality tests using unemployment, minimum wage, gross domestic product (GDP), and producer price index (PPI) data from 2014 to 2022. We concluded that there is a positive correlation between minimum wage and unemployment and that the minimum wage has a Granger causal link to unemployment. Although further research is required to establish a definite causal link, the findings in this paper establish a positive relationship and strengthen the case that a higher minimum wage has a causal link to a higher level of unemployment. These results imply that greater consideration of the of minimum wage on unemployment is needed in minimum wage setting.

Impact of global trade agreements on agricultural producer prices in Asian countries

Following global trade agreements, Asian countries have been highly aggressive in implementing free trade. These conditions will impact all sectors, including agriculture. This study aims to examine the impact of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), World Trade Organization membership (WTO), and the Doha Round implementations on agricultural producer prices in Asian countries (PPI). The study was conducted using secondary data from 1991 to 2020. The data for 28 Asian countries were analyzed using the first difference General Method of Moments (GMM). The results show that implementing the GATT raises the PPI, but implementing the WTO has the reverse impact. PPI is unaffected by the Doha Round. Inflation, exchange rate, value-added, human capital, and land area equipped for irrigation are all positive contributors to PPI. Several recommendations are made to increase PPI in Asian countries: increasing commitment to agricultural fair trade, increasing agricultural value-added, improving educational opportunities for agricultural business players, and prioritizing agricultural infrastructure investment.

Potential Changes in Land Use and Plant Production in Poland in the Context of Implementing the European Green Deal

The purpose of this paper is to identify the potential changes in agricultural land use in Poland as a consequence of implementing the European Green Deal, including its potential economic effects. The study covered crops of key importance to Polish agriculture, cultivated in a total area of 8.2 million ha, which accounts for more than 60% of land in good agricultural condition. The analyses were based on average values for 2016–2020 and used three scenarios for EGD implementation by 2030 (no EGD; partial implementation of the EGD; full implementation of the EGD). Each analysis took account of changes in the area of land under conventional, organic and precision farming systems. The study found that EGD requirements can be met by implementing the precision farming system, especially for intensive farming schemes like rape and sugar beet. Organic farming should be used either for extensively farmed cereals like oat or for fruits which are sold at higher prices when farmed organically. Another finding is that the full implementation of the EGD could decrease the production volume of key Polish crops by 13%, which can have important social impacts, such as increased prices of food products or a deterioration of food security.

Dynamic Pricing in Different Industries

Dynamic pricing describes a pricing strategy to set up highly flexible prices for products and services. Dynamic pricing algorithms adjust prices easily and frequently based on collected consumer data and market information. Dynamic pricing is used in various industries and has the potential to magnify revenues while offering multiple other benefits for companies. This paper analyzes the relevance and importance of dynamic pricing in sports, entertainment, leisure-time activities, hospitalities, and public transportation. For every industry, selected applications, and examples are analyzed. Finally, this paper investigates if dynamic pricing is fair and how customers respond to frequent price changes.

DURABLE GOODS IN URBAN HOUSEHOLDS OF SILVER SINGLES IN POLAND

Aim: The purpose of this article is to provide some insight into what home infrastructure is present in single seniors’ households. It can be concluded that their home infrastructure is constantly improving, as directly reflected in a better satisfaction of their perceived needs. Methods: The research was conducted in two stages in 2018–2022. In the first of the planned stages, the survey was carried out on a sample of 3,167 silver singles in the period from 1 February to 30 October 2018 and from 1 May to 30 October 2019. The second stage last­ed from 1 March to 30 September 2021 and then from 6 February to 30 September 2022 and covered a sample of 3,834 elderly people living alone. In accordance with the research assumptions, the sample included only single people aged 65 and older who took independent consumer decisions on the market. Results: In the analyzed period, the situation of single seniors’ households regarding the possession of almost all durable goods improved, which undoubtedly stems from the fact that these goods are more common and available, e.g., through easily obtainable loans and decreasing product prices. When analyzing home appliances present in silver singles’ households, it can be seen that households tend to replace the existing equipment with new appliances and purchase completely new, previously unknown products. The analysis of the infotainment equipment possessed by silver singles indicates a lower degree of its presence than that of home appliances. Conclusions: In the context of the obtained results, it can be stated that the surveyed households of single elderly people are increasingly better equipped with home appliances, infotainment equipment, and means of transport. This undoubtedly translates into the level at which the needs regarding durable goods are satisfied. The research findings indicate that in both stages, seniors actively attending U3A courses better assess the level of satisfaction of their needs regarding durable goods more frequently than members of parochial clubs.

Relationship between organic agriculture and export of olive oil in Tunisia via an ARDL model

This paper aims to study the presence of the relationship between the organic olive-growing area and the export of olive oil in the Tunisian economy; such as the producer price index for the case of olives and the exchange rate. A cointegration approach through an Auto Regressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL model) was mobilized for the period (2001-2021). The test results show the existence of a significant short and long-terms cointegration relationship between the olive area, the exchange rate and the export of olive oil. Similarly, unidirectional causal relationships have also been determined between the producer price index and the olive area on the one hand, a unidirectional causal relationship is caused by the exchange rate on the olive-growing area and this exerts unidirectional causality on the export of olive oil. The promotion of organic farming in Tunisia depends not only on the development of organic areas but also on the economic situation of the country. Thus, it can be concluded that limiting the depreciation of the national currency and improving the producer price index can improve the exchange rate and contribute positively to the development of organic olive areas and the export of olive oil in general

The Present Status of the Agriculture Sector Towards Sustainable Development in Sri Lanka: A Review of Existing Policies and Suggestions for Improvements

Agriculture plays a significant role in the national economy, helping to ensure food security and achieve sustainable development in Sri Lanka. This paper presents a review of the present situation of the agriculture sector and suggestions for the improvements needed to achieve sustainable development in Sri Lanka. As per the findings of the study, Sri Lanka had conventional agriculture practices a few decades ago, and agricultural policymakers were introduced to organic agriculture for commercial farming systems a few years ago. In particular, the application of organic agriculture practices has gradually reduced in commercial farming systems recently. This is because certain issues are still prominent in the agriculture sector: yield losses, lower ability to share the latest information and experiences of organic agriculture, lower responsiveness of hybrid seeds in organic farming, unavailability of properly directed organic agricultural regulations and national standards, post-harvest losses during long distance transportation, limited research and development, higher prices of organic products, higher input costs, higher susceptibility to pests and diseases, and a shortage of organic inputs, etc. As a result, the majority of agricultural authorities have introduced GAP farming practices for farmers. GAP is important to address the issues of food safety, trade, and sustainability. In addition to that, it also helps to reduce the unregulated use of agrochemicals, and avoid adverse climate change impacts or any negative externality that threatens the overall agriculture production, people's health, and the environment, thereby challenging the sustainability of the sector. Thus, pick-up orders at stations, usage of proper storage facilities to avoid post-harvest losses during long-distance transportation, formulating and implementing regulations for the development of the export market of GAP products, organising extension programs and training to disseminate the latest information to enhance farmers' adoption to GAP farming, encouraging field experts to gain international training opportunities, introducing proper control mechanisms to protect the local market, conducting research and development activities, and enhancing links between GAP farmers and other supply chain components to maintain a strong certification system for their products may lead to achieving sustainable agriculture development in Sri Lanka.

Impact of Land Use Consolidation on Maize Growers' Welfare in Gatsibo District, Rwanda (2012-2015)

This research delved into the transformative role of land use consolidation (LUC) in enhancing the well-being of maize growers within Gatsibo District, Rwanda, spanning from 2012 to 2015. Employing a descriptive and analytical approach, comprehensive data were gathered from primary sources, drawing from documentation, literature, and library resources. Analysis was conducted utilizing statistical tools like SPSS and Excel, resulting in insightful revelations. The study indicated that a substantial majority of respondents (95%) practiced intercropping maize with other crops using traditional methods. However, postLUC implementation, there was a marked shift as maize growers transitioned to exclusive maize cultivation on a larger scale, significantly boosting maize production. Notably, 85% of respondents ceased the use of intercropping methods, highlighting the pivotal role of LUC in optimizing maize yield and profitability. Moreover, a significant portion (78%) of respondents reported a considerable increase in maize production ranging from 25% to 75%, elucidating the profound impact of LUC on enhancing economic conditions. This positive shift was reflected in increased monthly earnings and savings, empowering respondents to elevate their socioeconomic status. Consequently, there was a notable surge in various improvements, including enhanced access to healthcare through Mutual Health Insurance, increased expenditures on essentials like clothing, education, household amenities, and the engagement of additional laborers. While LUC brought about substantial improvements, respondents encountered challenges such as inadequate organic manure, adverse weather conditions, low market prices for products, and limited markets for maize. To address these challenges, suggestions were made, including the expansion of communal cowsheds to bolster organic manure production, the establishment of advocacy groups within cooperatives, and the implementation of efficient watering systems to support year-round cultivation, thereby ensuring the sustainability of maize farming. In summation, the implementation of LUC significantly transformed the livelihoods of maize growers in Gatsibo District. Despite encountering challenges, the tangible benefits in terms of increased production, improved economic conditions, and avenues for further enhancements underscore the pivotal role of LUC in fostering agricultural prosperity within the region. Keywords: Land Use Consolidation, Maize growers and Welfare, Crops, Maize production, watering system.

The Effects of Biofuels on Food Security in Selected Countries

Biofuels are produced as replacements for fossil fuels. Nevertheless, these fuels may jeopardize food security. No research has examined the relationship between the production of biofuels and food security in terms of their various dimensions. This study examined the effects of biofuels on food security in several developed and developing countries comprising oil-producing and developed countries. Dimensions of food security were including food availability, food accessibility, food utilization, and food stability. To this end, standard and neo-Malthusian theories combined with the food availability decline (FAD) theory were employed. In addition, the panel generalized method of moments (GMM) was used to estimate the relationships between variables. The results showed that food stability, population growth, and income inequality were measured by the Gini index, and unemployment was significantly higher in developing countries than in developed countries. Conversely, food security, food availability, food accessibility, food utilization, land area, total biofuel production, agricultural credit allocation, and food product prices were higher in developed countries than in developing countries. The increase in biofuel production reduced food security by 0.031%, 0.047%, and 0.064% in all countries, developing and developed countries, respectively. In developing countries, biofuels had a significant impact on food accessibility and food availability. However, biofuels had significant and positive effects on food stability and utilization. In developed countries, biofuels had negative effects on food accessibility, stability, and availability and positive effects on food utilization (0.016%). In conclusion, policies are needed to mitigate the negative effects of biofuels on food security.

The Impact of Retail and E-commerce Sales on Inflation Including the Covid-19 Period: Evidence from Turkiye

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of retail or online shopping on the producer price index before and during the Covid-19 pandemic period. Thus, the impact of crisis periods will be clearly revealed. For this reason, In the study, data between January 2010 and November 2022 are used in the case of Turkey. As a result of the empirical analyses, it was determined that the causality relationship between the Producer Price Index and the Internet and Mail Order Turnover Index, which was valid in every canton without exception until the Covid-19 pandemic, disappeared with the pandemic. No causal relationship has been identified from Internet and Mail Orders Turnover Index to Producer Price Index. While bi-directional causality was detected between Retail Turnover Index and Producer Price Index in some quantiles, unidirectional causality was detected from Producer Price Index to Retail Turnover Index in some quantiles.

THE ROLE OF GLOBALISATION IN THE STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN ENTERPRISES

The article analyses the characteristics, criteria and various factors influencing the impact of globalisation on economic development and business activity in contemporary Ukraine. At present, society is facing new goals, tasks and requirements, which are largely determined by scientific and technological progress, implementation of innovative technologies and the need for a certain degree of flexibility, resilience and adaptation to dynamic changes in the economic sector. At this stage, financial stability and prosperity are among the most important values in the modern world, and this is driving the interest in studying the peculiarities of innovative economic development. At the same time, globalisation issues remain understudied and require an analysis of specific "parallels" between past and present outcomes. This analysis helps to identify the "gaps" and "risk zones" within the global market, which is crucial for all countries participating in these market relations. The subject of the study is globalisation as a driving force for the development of enterprises in Ukraine. An assessment of the dynamics of the crisis' impact on Ukrainian business, based on a survey conducted by EKONOMICHNA PRAVDA in 2020-2023, leads to the following conclusions: approximately 25% of the establishments that existed and successfully operated in Ukraine before 2020 have closed; the quarterly drop in revenue in the most successful restaurants is approximately 30-35%; staff loss or shortage is about 48%; and approximately 80% of establishments are experiencing logistical problems (Business and the Crisis in Ukraine). The purpose of the research is to assess the current state of development of enterprises in Ukraine and to study potential opportunities for optimising their activities in view of globalisation. Methodology. Definition of conceptual apparatus, analysis, synthesis and synthesis of information on the relevant issue. Conclusion. The destructive and destabilising processes that pose challenges to the development of Ukrainian businesses are characterised by a high degree of risk and uncertainty in the context of Russia's full-scale war against Ukraine. The following components must be taken into account: political factors: an unfavourable situation caused by military aggression, the need for additional alerts in case of emergencies and to ensure the safety of customers; additional expenses: generators, security systems and video surveillance; economic factors: rising prices of domestic goods and products; the need to create a new service concept that stands out from the competition.

A Study on Agricultural Commodity Price Prediction Model Based on Secondary Decomposition and Long Short-Term Memory Network

In order to address the significant prediction errors resulting from the substantial fluctuations in agricultural product prices and the non-linear features, this paper proposes a hybrid forecasting model based on variational mode decomposition (VMD), ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), and long short-term memory networks (LSTM). This combined model is referred to as the VMD–EEMD–LSTM model. Initially, the original time series of agricultural product prices undergoes decomposition using VMD to obtain a series of variational mode functions (VMFs) and a residual component with higher complexity. Subsequently, the residual component undergoes a secondary decomposition using EEMD. All components are then fed into an LSTM model for training to obtain predictions for each component. Finally, the predictions for each component are linearly combined to generate the ultimate price forecast. To validate the effectiveness of the VMD–EEMD–LSTM model, empirical analyses were conducted for one-step and multi-step forecasts using weekly price data for pork, Chinese chives, shiitake mushrooms, and cauliflower from China’s wholesale agricultural markets. The results indicate that the composite model developed in this study provides enhanced forecasting accuracy.

Asymmetric effects of international oil prices on China's PPI in different industries——Research based on NARDL model

In theory, changes in the price of oil, which is a critical raw material for production, can affect the Producer Price Index (PPI). In this study, the PCA method is first employed to extract factors from the PPI of 39 industrial sectors in China, followed by the application of the NARDL model to analyze the nonlinear effects of international oil price fluctuations on the PPI of three industries. The results indicate that the long and short-term fluctuations in international oil prices have a significant impact on the PPI of resource-intensive industries and labor-intensive industries, but the impact on capital and technology-intensive industries is not significant. However, it is worth noting that the long-term increases in oil prices will have a negative impact on the PPI of resource-intensive industries. From the perspective of asymmetry, the positive and negative shocks of international oil prices will have an asymmetric impact on the PPI of labor-intensive industries, while the impact on resource-intensive industries is symmetric. Based on the existing conclusions, this article proposes relevant policy recommendations from the perspectives of both government and enterprises.

FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE POTENTIAL OF AIRLINE COMPANIES ON THE BASIS OF MARKETING CONCEPT

The article is devoted to the improvement of management of the development of the innovation potential of airlines, which ensures their competitiveness in the global market. The solution to the problems caused by the need to update systems and processes in response to rapid changes in market conditions and the emergence of new technologies is seen as possible through marketing concepts and their tools, which are an integral part of the model of managing the development of innovation potential. The aim of the study is to improve the scientific approach to the formation of a model for the development of the innovation potential of an airline company based on marketing concepts. Methodology. The suggested scientific approach to the formation of a model for the development of the innovation potential of an airline company is based on a study of marketing concepts, which are enclosed in the framework of A. Osterwalder and I. Pinier, based on the phased configuration of the innovation process and taking into account the coverage of functional blocks of innovation development, value proposition formation and implementation of innovations by modern marketing tools of airline companies, integrating the possibilities of developing innovation potential with the needs of the air transportation sector market. As a result of the research, it is proved that the conceptual basis of the functional model for the development of the innovation potential of an airline enterprise is within the holistic concept of marketing, and digital marketing has a conceptual impact on almost all stages of the functional model and is manifested in certain digital marketing tools, contributing to reducing complexity and increasing predictability in the processes of managing the consumption of innovations, prices for innovative products and services, monitoring consumer behavior, partnerships, etc. In addition, the scientific approach to the formation of a model for the development of the innovation potential of an airline company based on marketing concepts is based on the target benchmarks of the sustainable development strategy (macro-marketing concept), the development of value propositions (service dominance theory) and the imperatives of increasing competitiveness and financial success (competitive advantage theory). The practical significance of the results lies in the contribution to the understanding of the use of marketing mechanisms in the process of innovation and emphasizing the need to change the traditional paradigm of airlines' functioning, directing it towards innovative development and achieving competitiveness with a focus on customer needs. Value/originality. The improved scientific approach actually creates a comprehensive theoretical and organizational basis for marketing of innovations of airline companies and will contribute to the effective implementation of marketing support for the development of innovation potential.

Pengaruh Kualitas Produk dan Harga Produk terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Ulang

The objective of this study was to ascertain and elucidate the impact of product quality and product pricing on repurchasing decisions at the Singosari Semarang Branch of Waroeng Steak & Shake. This study employs explanatory research methodologies. The study included a population of 21,352 clients of Waroeng Steak and Shake Singosari Semarang. The sampling technique employed in this study was non-probability sampling, with a sample size of 100 respondents. The data gathering procedures employed in this study encompassed the utilisation of both observation and questionnaire approaches. The findings of the study indicate that product quality has a simultaneous impact on repurchase decisions. Specifically, there is a statistically significant positive relationship between product prices and repurchase decisions at the Singosari Branch of Waroeng Steak and Shake. This is supported by a Beta value of 0.652, which is positive, and a significant p-value of 0.000, indicating that the relationship is unlikely to have occurred by chance (p < 0.05). Additional findings indicate that the price of a product exerts a substantial and simultaneous impact on repurchasing decisions. Specifically, at the Singosari Branch of Waroeng Steak and Shake, there exists a positive and statistically significant relationship between product prices and repurchasing decisions. This is supported by a Beta value of 0.179, which is positive, and a significant value of 0.017, which is less than the predetermined threshold of 0.05. In order to facilitate more investigation, it is anticipated that other indicators can be identified as instruments for measuring the variables under examination, as well as the utilisation of other independent variables that possess a substantial impact on the dependent variable. For instance, by incorporating additional variables such as brand image and service quality, among others.
 Keywords: product quality, product price, repurchase decision

ACTIVITIES OF UKRAINE FARMS

The article substantiates the main stages of formation and development of farms. The vital needs of a farmer's family are highlighted, which determine the main strategic priorities of farming in conditions of instability. The dynamics of the number of farms in Ukraine and the area of ​​agricultural land in their use, as well as the wages of the farmer's family and hired workers, were analyzed. An assessment of material and technical support for newly created farms with the size of land plots of 5, 20 and 50 hectares with a certain specialization before the start of military aggression was carried out. The average prices for agricultural products (2010−2022) were studied, in addition, the harvested area, the yield of the main agricultural crops and the production of plant and animal products by national farms were analyzed.

The Influence of E-WOM, Brand Image, Product Features, and Product Price on Purchase Intention for the Samsung Galaxy S23 Smartphone in Indonesia

The rapid growth of technology has brought advances in information technology that can be easily accessed and has had a positive impact on all aspects, especially smartphones. One of the well-known smartphone companies in Indonesia is Samsung. Samsung is a smartphone that is favored by the public and occupies the position of Top Brand Award in Indonesia, but in recent years, the market share of Samsung smartphones has decreased. The objective of this study is to ascertain electronic word of mouth, brand image, product features, product prices, and purchase intentions on Samsung Galaxy S23 smartphones. The research method used is the quantitative method. The population and samples used in this study are people in Indonesia who have seen online reviews of the Samsung Galaxy S23 smartphone and are interested in or motivated to make purchases on the Samsung Galaxy S23 smartphone. The sampling technique used is the purposive sampling method by distributing questionnaires to 385 respondents. Based on this research, it is recommended that the Samsung Galaxy S23 smartphone pay attention to the variable production price. The company can review the price offered to match the competitive market and the features it has to increase purchase intention

Unraveling Producer Price Inflation Pass-Through: Quantification, Structural Breaks, and Causal Direction

Abstract Producer price inflation has long been considered a leading indicator for consumer price inflation. However, the evidence supporting the cost-push theory of inflation over extended periods is inconclusive and lacks direct quantification. To address this gap, we employ structural break and causality tests, regression analysis, and local projection impulse-response functions. Our analysis allows us to precisely identify instances when producer prices lead consumer prices and quantify short-run and long-run pass-through rates. We find relatively robust evidence of a producer price pass-through rate between 8 and 12%. However, there are significant periods where unidirectional pass-through does not hold. Local projections reveal that producer price pass-through is small but persistent in states where producer prices lead consumer prices, and larger but shorter-lived in states where there is no causal directionality. Our findings enhance the understanding of producer price pass-through to consumer inflation, providing valuable insights for policymakers and market participants interested in accurately forecasting and managing inflationary pressures.

Business Confidence in the Sustainable Manufacturing Sector in the Context of Production, Production Prices, and Interest Rates

Business confidence can be a very important predictor of future development and sustainability in a selected industry. It is one of the economic sentiment indicators belonging to the most important indicators of the health of the economy. This paper examines the relationships between the Business Confidence Indicator (BCI) of the manufacturing sector and the production, production prices, and interest rates of two neighbouring countries, the Slovak Republic and Hungary. These relationships are examined within the manufacturing sector because it has long been the driving force of sustainable economic development and has significant spill-over effects on the other sectors of the economy. A cluster analysis is performed with the aim of positioning the selected countries into clusters within the OECD countries in relation to the examined variables. Multiple regression models were used to verify the mentioned relationships between variables, separately for each of the two analysed countries. The coefficients of determination are not too high (Slovakia 0.5 and Hungary 0.38), but in the case of sentiment, they reach higher values than in comparable research. Data from the freely available OECD database was used. It can be concluded that the results show positive relationships between the BCI and the production and long-term interest rates, and negative relationships between the BCI and the Producer Prices Index (PPI) and short-term interest rates. The relationship with the short-term interest rates cannot be confirmed in the case of Hungary. Other differences are also shown in that a higher PPI can negatively affect the BCI more intensively in Hungary (regression coefficient 0.18), and that in the case of the Slovak Republic, it appears that the level of influence of the long-term interest rates on the BCI is higher than that in Hungary (the difference between the regression coefficients is 0.27). Practical implications are stated for relevant institutions in the country in three areas: (1) in support of increasing production; (2) in the regulation and subsidization of input production costs; (3) in the stabilization of the lending behaviour of financial institutions.