Pigment Prodigiosin Research Articles

A study of some antibiotics and NaCl affecting Serratia marcescens growth and product prodigiosin pigment

Serratia marcescens is a bacteria which is sensitive to some antibiotics(trimethoprime, Ciprofloxacin, Cefotaxime, Cephoxitin, Neomycin, Gentamycin, Nalidixic acid, Amikacin) and the Ciprofloxacin has higher capability to inhibit its growth, but it is resistante to(Augmentin, Erythromycin, Cephalothin, Clarithomycin, Tetracycline, Vancomycin, Ampicillin) ,and it produces B-lactamases .The prodigiosin is a pigment that is produced from S. marcescens and may be defense agent against antibiotics so it increases its production with 85.71%, from antibiotics that affect bacteria growth, while it is not produced with (Tetracycline، Cephoxitin، Clarithomycin ) , while, Ampicillin، Vancomycin، Cephalothin، Erythromycin don’t affect bacteria growth and pigment production .The components media such as NaCl affect S. marcescens growth and pigment production, the growth decrease gradually at2% concentration and stop growth at 10% concentration to both period (24-48) hr.,while the pigment shows high product at 2% concentration and then decreases gradually to stop at 10% concen.to both period (24-48) hr.

EVALUATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECT SYNTHESIZED IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES ON ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS

This study was aimed to demonstrate the biosynthesis procedure of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) by using prodigiosin pigment produced from environmental isolate Serratia marcescens as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Additionally, the synthesis conditions were precisely taken into consideration as a pH of 7 and a temperature of 50°C alongside a concentration of prodigiosin of 12 mg/ml with a precursor of ferric sulfate of 5 mg/50ml in deionized distilled water (DDW). Biosynthesized Fe2O3 nanoparticles have presented many applications such as catalysis, biosensing, anticancer, and biomedical, etc. The study of optimum condition for the synthesis of Fe2O3 was characterized by different techniques, such as (XRD, UV-VIS, AFM, FTIR and FE-SEM). The wavelength of biosynthesis of Fe2O3 by using UV-VIS is (284 nm), Image FE-SEM displays Spherical Fe2O3 NPs in nano-cluster form and the average volume is (35.01) nm). And the effect of Fe2O3 NPs on bacteria Enterococcus faecalis on an inhibition zone 31 mm.

Characterization of prodigiosin pigment by Serratia marcescens and the evaluation of its bioactivities

The aim of the present study is to discover a bacterial pigment providing protection and prevention of neurological damage and cancer development, which can have a role as a non-synthetic food additive in the food industry as well as an active drug ingredient of anticancer drugs and pharmaceuticals for neural injury. Within this scope, Serratia marcescens MB703 strain was used to produce prodigiosin. Characterization of the prodigiosin was carried out using UV-VIS, and FT-IR. In addition, its inhibitory action on AChE and antioxidant activities were determined. The cytotoxic, genotoxic and antigenotoxic activities of the prodigiosin as well as its antiproliferative activities were detected. It was determined that the maximum production of the prodigiosin (72 mg/L). The prodigiosin was found to cause no significant difference in its inhibitory effect on AChE. The prodigiosin was found effective on all antioxidant parameters tested. The IC50 values of the prodigiosin on SK-MEL-30 and HT-29 cells were calculated as 70 and 47 μM, respectively. This IC50 values of the prodigiosin showed no cytotoxic effect on L929 cells. Prodigiosin did not have genotoxic effect alone and also seem to decrease DNA damage induced by H2O2 in L929 cells. The findings of in vitro experimental studies suggest that using the prodigiosin pigment as a drug candidate for cancer and neurodegenerative disease therapy is both effective and safe.

Characterization of Bioactive Colored Materials Produced from Bacterial Cellulose and Bacterial Pigments.

A Bacterial Cellulose (BC) film was developed and characterized as a potential functional bioactive material. BC films, obtained from a microbial consortium of bacteria and yeast species, were functionalized with the bacterial pigment prodigiosin, produced by Serratia plymuthica, and flexirubin-type pigment, from Chryseobacterium shigense, which exhibit a wide range of biological properties. BC was successfully functionalized at 15% over the weight of the fiber at 40 °C during 60 min, and a color strength of 1.00 ± 0.01 was obtained for BC_prodigiosin and 0.38 ± 0.02 for BC_flexirubin-type pigment. Moreover, the BC films showed moderate hydrophilic character following alkaline treatment, which was maintained after both pigments were incorporated. The porosity and mechanical performance of the functionalized BC samples also remained unaffected. Furthermore, the BC samples functionalized with prodigiosin presented antibacterial activity and were able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with inhibition rates of 97.89 ± 0.60% and 85.12 ± 0.17%, respectively, while BC samples functionalized with flexirubin-type pigment exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, at 38.96 ± 0.49%. This research provides an eco-friendly approach to grant BC film-based material with color and advantageous bioactive properties, which can find application in several fields, especially for medical purposes.

Optimized prodigiosin production with Pseudomonas putida KT2440 using parallelized noninvasive online monitoring.

The red pigment prodigiosin is of high pharmaceutical interest, due to its potential applications as an antitumor drug and antibiotic agent. As previously demonstrated, Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is a suitable host for prodigiosin production, as it exhibits high tolerance toward the antimicrobial properties of prodigiosin. So far, prodigiosin concentrations of up to 94 mg/L have been achieved in shake flask cultivations. For the characterization and optimization of the prodigiosin production process, the scattered light of P. putida and fluorescence of prodigiosin was measured. The excitation and emission wavelengths for prodigiosin measurement were analyzed by recording 2D fluorescence spectra. The strongest prodigiosin fluorescence was obtained at a wavelength combination of 535/560 nm. By reducing the temperature to 18 °C and using 16 g/L glucose, the prodigiosin concentration was more than doubled compared with the initial cultivation conditions. The obtained results demonstrate the capabilities of parallelized microscale cultivations combined with noninvasive online monitoring of fluorescence for rapid bioprocess development, using prodigiosin as a molecule of current biotechnological interest.

EVALUATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECT SYNTHESIZED ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES ON PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

This study was aimed to demonstrate the biosynthesis procedure of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Prodigiosin pigment which in turn produced from particular environmental bacteria isolates Serratiamarcescensas a stabilizing and reducing agent. Additionally, the synthesis conditions were precisely taken into consideration as a pH of 7 and a temperature of 50°C alongside a concentration of prodigiosin of 12 mg/ml with 5mg precursor of zinc acetate in deionized distilled water (DDW) 50ml. Biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles have presented many applications such as catalysis, biosensing, anticancer, and biomedical, etc. The optimum condition for ZnO biosynthesis was characterized through several techniques such as UV-Vis, AFM, XRD, FT-IR, and FE-SEM. In particular, a cut-off phenomenon of the biological synthesized ZnO was found at around 280 nmusing UV-Vis, while spherical shape particles were noticed using FE-SEM techniques. Also, the AFM analysis revealed that ZnO NPs an average diameter size of 45.02 nm.And the effect of ZnO NPs on bacteriaPseudomonas aeruginosaon an inhibition zone 29mm.

Antibacterial, antibiofilm and cytotoxic properties of prodigiosin produced by a newly isolated Serratia sp. C6LB from a milk collection center

The aim of this work was to produce a red tripyrrole pigment prodigiosin from Serratia sp. C6LB strain, to investigate the promising antimicrobial properties on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The research was also proposed to evaluate the antibiofilm activity on Staphylococcus epidermidis S61 biofilm and its cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines. The production and structural elucidation of prodigiosin was carried out using spectrophotometric scanning, TLC, HPLC, FTIR and NMR analysis. The pigment production was optimized using mannose and peptone as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The study confirmed promising antibacterial properties of prodigiosin on eight Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains with MICs values ranged from 0.039 to 2.5 mg/mL. Antiadhesive activity test of prodigiosin on Staphylococcus epidermidis S61 biofilm exhibited 99.9% inhibition, whereas maximum biofilm eradication activity reached 65%. Cytotoxic activity showed IC50 of 16 μg/mL and 6.7 μg/mL against breast cancer lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB231, respectively.

Antimicrobial Food Packaging Based on Prodigiosin-Incorporated Double-Layered Bacterial Cellulose and Chitosan Composites.

Nowadays, food packaging systems have shifted from a passive to an active role in which the incorporation of antimicrobial compounds into biopolymers can promote a sustainable way to reduce food spoilage and its environmental impact. Accordingly, composite materials based on oxidized-bacterial cellulose (BC) and poly(vinyl alcohol)-chitosan (PVA-CH) nanofibers were produced by needleless electrospinning and functionalized with the bacterial pigment prodigiosin (PG). Two strategies were explored, in the first approach PG was incorporated in the electrospun PVA-CH layer, and TEMPO-oxidized BC was the substrate for nanofibers deposition (BC/PVA-CH_PG composite). In the second approach, TEMPO-oxidized BC was functionalized with PG, and afterward, the PVA-CH layer was electrospun (BC_PG/PVA-CH composite). The double-layer composites obtained were characterized and the nanofibrous layers displayed smooth fibers with average diameters of 139.63 ± 65.52 nm and 140.17 ± 57.04 nm, with and without pigment incorporation, respectively. FTIR-ATR analysis confirmed BC oxidation and revealed increased intensity at specific wavelengths, after pigment incorporation. Moreover, the moderate hydrophilic behavior, as well as the high porosity exhibited by each layer, remained mostly unaffected after PG incorporation. The composites’ mechanical performance and the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) evaluation indicated the suitability of the materials for certain food packaging solutions, especially for fresh products. Additionally, the red color provided by the bacterial pigment PG on the external surface of a food packaging material is also a desirable effect, to attract the consumers’ attention, creating a multifunctional material. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity was evaluated and, PVA-CH_PG, and BC_PG layers exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thus, the fabricated composites can be considered for application in active food packaging, owing to PG antimicrobial potential, to prevent foodborne pathogens (with PG incorporated into the inner layer of the food packaging material, BC/PVA-CH_PG composite), but also to prevent external contamination, by tackling the exterior of food packaging materials (with PG added to the outer layer, BC_PG/PVA-CH composite).

Prodigiosin production from Serratia marcescens strain CSK and their antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxic effect and in silico study of caspase-3 apoptotic protein.

The present study emphasizes the production and optimization of prodigiosin (PG) pigment from Serratia marcescens strain CSK, which was isolated from Shevaroy Hills, Salem district, Tamil Nadu, India. The response surface methodology analysis was applied for the optimization process of PG production. The maximum production of PG (2950 mg/L) was obtained at pH 7.0 with the addition of tryptophan (4.0 g/L) and sucrose (3.0 g/L) with 60 h of incubation. Further, the PG was characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The purified PG exhibited strong antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Also, PG's cytotoxic effects against human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells were observed through acridine orange-ethidium bromide (AO-EB) and Hoechst staining. Molecular dockingstudies revealed that PG could bind positively to the caspase-3 (breast cancer protein 1RE1) binding site with a binding energy score of 17.37 kcal/mol. Overall, the novel PG was found to be an anticancer drug for potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry.

Identification and Verification of the Prodigiosin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster (BGC) in Pseudoalteromonas rubra S4059.

ABSTRACTPseudoalteromonas rubra S4059 produces the red pigment prodigiosin, which has pharmaceutical and industrial potential. Here, we targeted a putative prodigiosin-synthesizing transferase PigC, and a pigC in-frame deletion mutant did not produce prodigiosin. However, extractions of the pigC mutant cultures retained antibacterial activity, and bioassay-guided fractionation found antibacterial activity in two fractions of blue color. A precursor of prodigiosin, 4-methoxy-2,2′-bipyrrole-5-carbaldehyde (MBC), was the dominant compound in both the fractions and likely caused the antibacterial activity. Also, a stable blue pigment, di-pyrrolyl-dipyrromethene prodigiosin, was identified from the two fractions. We also discovered antibacterial activity in the sterile filtered (nonextracted) culture supernatant of both wild type and mutant, and both contained a heat-sensitive compound between 30 and 100 kDa. Deletion of prodigiosin production did not affect growth rate or biofilm formation of P. rubra and did not change its fitness, as the mutant and wild type coexisted in equal levels in mixed cultures. In conclusion, a prodigiosin biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) was identified and verified genetically and chemically in P. rubra S4059 and a stable blue pigment was isolated from the pigC mutant of S4059, suggesting that this strain may produce several prodigiosin-derived compounds of pharmaceutical and/or industrial potential.IMPORTANCE Pigmented Pseudoalteromonas strains are renowned for their production of secondary metabolites, and genome mining has revealed a high number of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for which the chemistry is unknown. Identification of those BGCs is a prerequisite for linking products to gene clusters and for further exploitation through heterologous expression. In this study, we identified the BGCs for the red, bioactive pigment prodigiosin using genomic, genetic, and metabolomic approaches. We also report here for the first time the production of a stable blue pigment, di-pyrrolyl-dipyrromethene prodigiosin (Dip-PDG), being produced by the pigC mutant of Pseudoalteromonas rubra S4059.

Algal polysaccharide's potential to combat respiratory infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens biofilms.

The growth of respiratory diseases, as witnessed through the SARS and COVID-19 outbreaks, and antimicrobial-resistance together pose a serious threat to humanity. One reason for antimicrobial resistance is formation of bacterial biofilms. In this study the sulphated polysaccharides from green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Cr-SPs) is tested for its antibacterial and antibiofilm potential against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens. Agar cup assay clearly indicated the antibacterial potential of Cr-SPs. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) of Cr-SPs against Klebsiella pneumoniae was found to be 850 µg/ml, and it is 800 µg/ml in Serratia marcescens. Time-kill and colony-forming ability assays suggest the concentration-dependent bactericidal potential of Cr-SPs. Cr-SPs showed 74–100% decrease in biofilm formation in a concentration-dependent manner by modifying the cell surface hydrophobic properties of these bacteria. Cr-SPs have also distorted preformed-biofilms by their ability to interact and destroy the extra polymeric substance and eDNA of the matured biofilm. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that Cr-SPs effectively altered the morphology of these bacterial cells and distorted the bacterial biofilms. Furthermore reduced protease, urease and prodigiosin pigment production suggest that Cr-SPs interferes the quorum sensing mechanism in these bacteria. The current study paves way towards developing Cr-SPs as a control strategy for treatment of respiratory tract infections.

Prodigiosin Production and Photoprotective/Antigenotoxic Properties in Serratia marcescens Indigenous Strains from Eastern Cordillera of Colombia.

Serratia marcescens is a bacterial species that produces an antibacterial pigment (Prodigiosin) showing a wide adaptive response to environmental stresses. The study aimed to investigate Prodigiosin production in S. marcescens wild-type strains, as well as its relation to photoprotection and antigenotoxicity against UVB. Prodigiosin yield was spectrophotometrically assayed in extracts of bacterial strains grown in different culture media. In vitro photoprotection efficacy was evaluated using the invitro indices sun protection factor (SPFinvitro ) and critical wavelength (λc). The percentage of UVB antigenotoxicity estimates (%GI) in the SOS Chromotest was also evaluated. Correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between Prodigiosin yield, SPFinvitro , %GI estimates and environmental traits (altitude, temperature, rainfall and solar irradiance). Prodigiosin yield in S. marcescens strains varied depending on culture media used for its growth, and it was correlated with environmental variables such as temperature and solar irradiance. SPFinvitro estimates were well correlated with Prodigiosin concentration and %GI values in the bacterial strains being studied. UVB photoprotective efficacy of the extracts obtained from S. marcescens strains depends on the strain's Prodigiosin yield and its antigenotoxic potential. The extracts with Prodigiosin yield higher than ~17 μg mL-1 could be used as sources of sunscreen ingredients.

THE THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION OF PRODIGIOSIN ALKALOIDS ELECTROCHEMICAL DETERMINATION ON TRIAZOLIC DERIVATIVES, REINFORCED BY COBALT AND NICKEL OXYHYDROXIDES

The theoretical description of prodigiosin pigment electrochemical determination, assisted by novel triazolic derivatives, reinforced by cobalt and nickel oxyhydroxides, has been described. It was noticed that both cobalt and nickel oxyhydroxides may serve as efficient electrode modifiers of prodigiosin electrochemical determination in neutral and lightly alkaline media. The electroanalytical process is diffusion-controlled. The oscillatory and monotonic instabilities in the system are possible, being caused by DEL influences on the chemical and electrochemical stages.

Antimicrobial activity of textile fabrics dyed with prodigiosin pigment extracted from marine Serratia rubidaea RAM_Alex bacteria

The enthusiasm for natural dyes applications increased thanks to biodegradable and eco-friendly properties. In this study, prodigiosin was extracted from Serratia rubidaea RAM_Alex. This red pigment was used in dyeing different textile fabrics. Synthetic fabrics had a higher affinity to the natural dye compared to cotton fabrics. Copper sulfate proved to be an effective mordant. Fabrics dyed with prodigiosin showed a considerable degree of fastness to light and washing. Dyed samples with prodigiosin have antimicrobial activity, which is varied in consonance with the nature of the fabric and microbial species. Both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were inhibited. Application of the natural pigment prodigiosin to certain textiles particularly those used in hospitals would lead to a significant decrease in hospital-acquired infections (HAI), patient outcomes improvement and economical saving.

Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Prodigiosin Pigment and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities

This study focused on the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), using prodigiosin pigment produced by Serratia marcescens. The effect of parameters such as pH, temperature, time, with various concentrations of silver nitrate (AgNO3) and prodigiosin on the synthesis of AgNPs were also studied. Optimized results of the biosynthesis process revealed an increase in the intensity of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) bands of nanoparticles with shifting at the wavelength of 400 nm. In addition, optimum synthesis of AgNPs was achieved at pH 12, temperature 55℃, and reaction time 24 h, with concentrations of prodigiosin, as a reducing agent, of 12.5 µg/ml and silver ion concentration of 1 mM. Measurement of the size of silver nanoparticles by SEM diffraction revealed a value of 30 nm. Finally, the minimum inhibitory concentration of AgNPs against pathogenic bacteria was 32 µg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results of anti-inflammatory effects of Ag NPs obviously demonstrated that the infections of test animals treated with AgNPs were completely healed after 4 days of treatment, while the animals treated with fucidin (as control) did not exhibit any healing.

Associations between cellular levels of ATP and prodigiosin pigment throughout the growth cycle of Serratia marcescens.

Serratia marcescens is a prolific producer of the red, membrane-associated pigment prodigiosin. Earlier work has established both a positive role for prodigiosin in ATP production during the population lag phase and a negative role during high-rate, low cell density growth. This study uses the growth rate and growth phase modulation afforded by chemostat culture to extend prodigiosin functional analysis to the high-density and stationary phases. Cellular levels of prodigiosin were positively associated with cellular levels of ATP during high-density growth, and artificial pigment induction during this phase increased cellular ATP levels. Following peak high-density ATP per cell, the early stationary phase enabled significant population growth, while prodigiosin levels remained high and ATP declined. During the late stationary phase, ATP per cell was positively associated with prodigiosin per cell, while both declined during continued growth. These results provide correlational evidence for the multiple effects of prodigiosin pigment on ATP production throughout the growth cycle. Earlier work and the data presented here enable the formulation of a working model for the oscillating relationships between cellular levels of ATP and prodigiosin during batch culture.

Antimycotic effects of a prodigiosin producing Serratia marcescens rhizobacteria

Pigmented Serratia spp. have antibacterial, antimalarial, antimycotic, immunomodulatory and antitumor activities. Here, a pigmented Rhizobacteria, Serratia spp. isolated from medicinal plant Plumbago indica was studied for its inhibitory effect towards Pythium myriotylum. Upon microscopic analysis, the pigment extract prepared from isolated Serratia spp. was found to cause remarkable distortion on fungal morphology, exhibiting an inhibition of 40%. Ginger rhizomes stand uninfected with this extract treatment similar to that of rhizome treated with commercial biocontrol agent Delfin (R), a Bacillus thuringiensis product. For structural characterization, the water-insoluble red pigment was extracted using acidified methanol. This was followed by analysis of thin layer chromatography (TLC), UV–Visible Spectrometry showing an absorbance maxima at 535 nm, FTIR and GC-MS revealing mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of 310 [M + H]+ that confirmed the prodigiosin pigment. Therefore, the broad antifungal activity of the prodigiosin-producing strain indicates its potential to be exploited as a natural ecofriendly biocontrol agent.

Antifungal Activity of Serratia rubidaea Mar61-01 Purified Prodigiosin Against Colletotrichum nymphaeae, the Causal Agent of Strawberry Anthracnose

Strawberry anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum nymphaeae is an important disease of strawberry. In this study, an endophytic bacterium isolated from the stem of Fragaria × ananassa cv Paros and identified as Serratia rubidaea strain Mar61-01 based on phenotypic, biochemical characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Antagonistic activities of this endophytic bacterium against C. nymphaeae were investigated under in vitro, in vivo and greenhouse conditions. The strain Mar61-01 reduced mycelial growth and conidial germination of C. nymphaeae in in vitro tests. Furthermore, it reduced disease severity on inoculated strawberry fruits and seedlings compared with uninoculated control. In addition, the strain Mar61-01 produced prodigiosin pigment. The pigment was purified by thin layer chromatography and its chemical structure was characterized by FT-IR and NMR (400 MHz) spectra. The results indicated that prodigiosin is a key feature in biocontrol of C. nymphaeae. The inhibition growth of C. nymphaeae under in vitro, in vivo, and greenhouse conditions showed that S. rubidaea Mar61-01 has the potential for managing of strawberry anthracnose.

Extraction of prodigiosin using aqueous two phase system

Aqueous two-phase system is a modified and amazing separation process of bioproducts in downstream since it keeps their properties. This method is able to give high recovery yield and high purity in a single step. Prodigiosin pigment was produced by Serratia marcescens in carbohydrate fermentation. It is the first time to extract the prodigiosin by aqueous two-phase system, where two types of system are applied; polymer/polymer and polymer/salt. The parameters studied on the recovery per cent and partition coefficient of prodigiosin are temperature, weight fraction of polymer in solution, molecular weight of polymer, weight fraction of salt in solution, and pH. The maximum recovery and partition coefficient of prodigiosin are obtained in the first system (PEG6000/Dextran) at temperature of 20°C, pH 6, weight fraction of PEG6000 is 0.22, weight fraction of Dextran is 0.15 while in the second system (PEG1500/ammonium sulfate) the maximum recovery and partition coefficient of the prodigiosin are obtained at temperature of 20°C, pH 5, weight fraction of salt is 0.15, and weight fraction of PEG1500 is 0.24.

Biocolorant “prodigiosin” interferes with the growth of biofouling bacteria: an in vitro and in silico approach

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to identify Serratia marcescens to extract and purify prodigiosin pigment to evaluate the antibacterial potential of the pigment.Design/methodology/approachSamples were collected from shrimp aquaculture ponds. Species identification was conducted using morphological, biochemical and molecular tests. Pigment extraction and purification were carried out using column chromatography. The antibacterial effect of crude and purified prodigiosin pigment was evaluated on Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus as biofouling bacteria. In addition, the interaction between prodigiosin and proteins involved in biofilm formation was evaluated using molecular docking.FindingsThe results of prodigiosin extraction with solvents showed the highest percentage of pigment presence with methanol solvent in the second day of culture. The chemical structure of pure prodigiosin obtained from the column chromatography was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Both crude and purified pigments exhibited antibacterial effects against selected bacterial strains. The antibacterial effect of the purified pigment was higher, and the highest antibacterial effect was observed on B. subtilis. Prodigiosin docking was carried out with all target proteins, and the docked energy in all of them was at an acceptable level.Originality/valueProdigiosin extracted from S. marcescens can be used as a bioactive compound to design and manufacture of anti-biofouling and anti-biofilm formation products to use extensively for industrial applications as a natural color in marine industries, food industry, cosmetics and textile productions.