Modernization Process Research Articles

Искусственный интеллект в повседневных образовательных практиках российских студентов

The article raises the problem of a possible contradiction between promising areas of application of artificial intelligence technologies in the educational process, presented in the research literature, and specific practices of interaction with AI tools in the everyday reality of students of Russian universities. A review of the research literature is presented, which reflects the position of Russian scientists regarding the most promising areas of application of AI technologies in the educational process of higher education, as well as regarding the barriers and risks associated with these processes. The data of interviews with Russian students are presented, which show that, although students generally highly appreciate the prospects for using AI technologies in the educational process, in practice there are some discrepancies between the potential of this vector of modernization, described in the scientific literature, and the everyday educational practices of Russian students. Conclusions are made that at the moment there remains room for improving modernization processes in the system of higher education through artificial intelligence technologies.

Presidents or Premiers

This study explores what factors influence a country’s choice between presidential and parliamentary systems during global modern processes of democratization and their impacts, with a focus on the cases of the Republics of Cyprus and Kosovo. The findings indicate that constitutional choices are influenced by the interaction of democratization movement composition, cultural traits, and historical regime experiences. These insights enhance our understanding of democratic governance and can guide future democratic transitions and constitutional design.

Examining the Intervention of Religion in Indian Politics Through Hindutva Under the Modi Regime

This review article analyses the wide-ranging influence of Hindutva in Indian politics over the decade of Narendra Modi’s tenure as Prime Minister of India. The study analyses the survival, reproduction, and development of Hindutva in conflict with modernisation processes in India despite the country’s secular constitutional democracy. This is achieved by examining the developments in the Indian political landscape and policy administration through the prism of the symbiotic relationship between the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), signalling the fusion of political power and Hindu religious principles. By contributing to the literature on religion and politics, through a comprehensive examination of political rhetoric, policy shifts, and societal attitudes, this review article examines the role of Hindutva in shaping the trajectory of governance and politics in India during Narendra Modi’s leadership.

From Field to Table: The Pukekohe Dehydration Factory in the 1940s

In August 1943, the New Zealand Governmentʹs Internal Marketing Division announced plans to construct a vegetable dehydration factory in Pukekohe, on the outskirts of southern Auckland. The factory was built with urgency, to dehydrate, quick‐freeze, can and cool store large quantities of vegetables to assist in providing food for United States troops, stationed in the Pacific. The factory consisted of a large, long main factory building, a boiler house and machine shop, a cafeteria, a chemical building, a vinery building, alaboratory, and an administration block. It incorporated the most modern equipment and processing methods of the time, with much of the machinery supplied from the United States. To supply the large quantities of vegetables required under direction from the Department of Agriculture, produce was grown through a combination of state gardens and commercial market gardeners. To meet the demand, the factory operated long hours, becoming a significant local employer, particularly for women. Workers were also deployed from further afield to achieve the necessary processing outputs. This paper examines the development and operation of the Pukekohe Dehydration Factory in the 1940s, its role in supporting the war effort during the Second World War, and its utilisation throughout the remainder of the decade.

Parameters of the efficiency of modernization of the economy of a macroregion from the perspective of a system of sustainable development

The relevance of the study lies in determining the parameters of the implemented economic transformations on the territory of the federal district as a single set of resource and production potentials, the relationship of which is ensured through public-state regulation based on modern information and digital technologies.The purpose of the study is to establish the parameters of the effectiveness of the implemented modernization of macro-regional systems in accordance with the conditions of balanced development with the help of modern electronic-digital technologies for regulating information flows.The objectives: to identify various options for scientific and theoretical interpretation of conceptual ideas for the content and implementation of economic modernization of various economic systems; to identify the relationships between territorial-resource and production factors with ensuring the optimal nature of production and technological processes at the macro-region level; to establish special functions of regional public administration bodies capable of ensuring balanced socio-economic regulation in the territory of the macro-region; to highlight the key characteristics of the implemented modernization of the economic system of the Southern macro-region in accordance with the specifics of sustainable development.Methodology. In the process of the research, systemic and structural-functional approaches, methods of analysis, generalization, comparison of initial research materials, as well as classification of the results of already implemented research studies of the most important aspects of the modernization of macro-regional socio-economic structures were used..Results. The processes of modernization of the macroregional economic system from the standpoint of the sustainable development system consist in public-management support for the efficient production of various economic goods, conditioned by the optimal-saving use of elements of natural systems within the framework of the implementation of innovative entrepreneurial initiatives while ensuring the optimal standard of living of the population.Conclusions. The parameters of the efficiency of modernization of the economy of the macroregion from the standpoint of sustainable development characterize the formation of available innovative fixed assets and the release of high-quality products with the optimal use of available resource potential. This is ensured through the creation of a single information and communication field of public-private partnership and the coordinated activities of stateadministrative structures of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation within the framework of a single electronic-digital space of the macroregion.

Micro resistance from the margin: Tracing modernity in Bhisham Sahni’ s Madhavi

Bhisham Sahni’s adapted myth, in the form of a drama, portrays the character Madhavi as a victim of patriarchy. She is used to fulfil the male ego, such as Galav’s stubbornness for Gurudakshina, Yayati’s generosity, and Vishwamitra’s sexual desire. However, in the end, she valiantly challenges the male domination by boycotting the Swayambar. It deals with the issue of micro resistance from the characters belonging to the margin. Furthermore, it endeavours to reveal the process of modernity through resistance, the practice of self-decision, and the use of reason, which serves the purpose of elevating modern human beings from the docile to the autonomous agency, resulting in a modern social context. This study aims to reveal the hitherto cultural hegemony prevalent in society through the use of myth and creating the spirit of modernity. The text, Madhavi, in English, was selected purposefully for data collection and analysis. Data related to the resisters, authorities resisted, causes, and the way of resistance were collected and coded, determining the categories to develop the broad theme of resistance from the margin. Themes were analyzed, making connections among the categories and approaching with the theories of modernity, especially accentuating traits of the modern person. The findings indicate that characters from the margin, such as Ashramites, Tapas, and Madhavi, challenge the authorities from educational, cultural, and political domains. They resist the authorities for justice and social harmony through rationality. The revelations suggest that an in-depth study of mythical episodes can further reveal more about the malpractices and beliefs prevalent in society, which can pave the way for the search for modernity.

Nuevos palacios

Uruguay underwent a huge transformation process around 1900 that placed it as a modern, thriving and independent nation within the great world panorama. The architectural works produced in the country at that time were used as a demonstration of greatness, abundance and progress by advertising publications sent to Europe in order to attract potential visitors and settlers. This work addresses - through the look at the buildings portrayed in these publications - the role of architecture in the process of formation and consolidation of the republic. The analysis of the incorporation of these images is crossed by the conceptions of national identity, closely related to the modernization processes of the beginning of the 20th century. It is proposed to reflect on how the visuality of the architecture produced in that period - executed by the first professionals trained in the country - collaborated in the processes of national identification.

Role of Computer-Aided Design and Development in Modern Pharmaceuticals

The integration of molecular biology and computational technologies has transformed modern drug discovery and development processes. Advanced computational methodologies, particularly artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), have reshaped traditional drug development approaches through unprecedented access to ligand property data, target binding interactions, three-dimensional protein structures, and virtual libraries containing billions of drug-like molecules. AI and deep learning (DL) implementations have enhanced multiple stages of drug discovery, from target identification to lead optimization. These computational advances, backed by improved hardware capabilities and sophisticated algorithms, now enable targeting of previously "undruggable" proteins. This review presents modern computational approaches in pharmaceutical development, including strategies for challenging protein targets through covalent regulation, allosteric inhibition, protein-protein interaction modulation, and targeted protein degradation. AI-driven methods have accelerated drug discovery pipelines, reduced development costs, and improved clinical trial success rates. The transition from traditional broad-spectrum approaches to precision medicine, supported by computational tools, has enabled personalized therapeutic strategies. Current limitations in computer-aided drug design persist, yet the combination of computational predictions with experimental validation continues to advance therapeutic development. Recent developments in quantum computing and advanced neural networks promise to further enhance drug discovery efficiency and success rates in the coming decades.

The Lviv intelligentsia milieu centered around “Dziennik Mód Paryskich” (1840–1848)

The primary aim of this article is to attempt to present the role of Dziennik Mód Paryskich [Journal of Parisian fashions] in the formation process of the democratic intelligentsia of Lviv – including writers, journalists, politicians, and artists. The creators of the periodical and its main editors (Tomasz Kulczycki, August Bielowski, Jan Dobrzański, Józef and Aleksander Dunin Borkowski) had ambitions to initiate liberal modernization processes in Galicia. The role played by Kulczycki’s biweekly at that time is difficult to overestimate from today’s perspective. We owe the magazine’s program, above all, knowledge about the ideas of reviving the concept of a Slavic Commonwealth. From the Lviv intelligentsia milieu centered around Dziennik Mód Paryskich also emerged a generation of outstanding journalists who, after 1848, contributed their writings to many Galician periodicals.

Credit, Charity, and the Modernization of Romanians in Transylvania (Late Nineteenth Century to Early Twentieth Century)

Abstract At the end of the nineteenth century, the process of modernization penetrated deeply into Romanian society and also reached the rural world, which caused a series of changes. This article aims at researching the scope of the contribution that Romanian credit institutions had in the development of Romanian schools, churches, and cultural institutions at the time. For this purpose, the article used comparative research to review the balance sheets of Romanian credit institutions, as they were published in the media at that time, as well as documents from several archives throughout Romania.

Pastoral culture in the economic space of the Kolyma region of Yakutia based on historical and ethnographic observations in the early twentieth century.

The main idea of the presented publication is to highlight the processes of spreading pastoral practices as a separate element of traditional Yakut culture in the Kolyma region of Yakutia in the first half of the twentieth century. The object of the study is the data of historical and ethnographic studies conducted in the 1950s by the staff of the Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The materials they have collected are an important source on the ethnocultural history of the region, requiring a modern interpretation of the scientific data they have obtained. The subject of the study of this article is the reflection in these sources of the processes of expansion of pastoral practices to the northeast of Yakutia in the first half of the twentieth century and their adaptation to local natural, cultural and socio-economic conditions, which had not previously been considered in such a perspective and did not become the object of a separate study. The methodological basis of the article was the historical method of analyzing archival data and scientific literature related to the research topic. The use of historical-comparative, historical-systemic, problem-chronological and statistical methods allowed the most complete analysis of the studied processes. It has been revealed that studies conducted in the north-east of Yakutia in the middle of the twentieth century make it possible to more clearly understand the history and culture of its inhabitants, as well as identify the features of their daily life, traditions and customs. The works of scientists of that time are undoubtedly a valuable source of information about life and social relations in Kolyma. At the same time, the processes affecting the interaction of northern cultures in the conditions of adaptation and the formation of new economic models still remain insufficiently studied. Based on the collected materials, the main results of the ongoing integration economic processes in the north-east of Yakutia in the first half of the twentieth century were identified and it was noted that the modernization processes that took place during this period had an even more significant impact on the ethnic composition and economic activities of the indigenous population, accelerating the transition of local aboriginal ethnic groups to new, previously unusual for this region.

WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN ALIMOSHO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, LAGOS, NIGERIA

The study delves into the waste management strategies in Alimosho local government area, with Ile Epo as a focal point. The study aims to analyze the current waste generation pattern and disposal methods in the area, evaluate the effectiveness of existing waste management strategies, and assess the health implications of waste management practices in the locale. A total of 155 questionnaires were distributed to gather data on socioeconomic characteristics, waste generation, waste management techniques, and health challenges associated with waste management. A simple random sampling method was employed to select households in the designated buildings. Data analysis involved both descriptive and quantitative statistical methods. The study findings were visually presented through tables and charts. The analysis uncovered that a substantial proportion of respondents are employed (23.23%), with students and unemployed individuals constituting 0.65% and 6.45% respectively. The majority of households dispose of waste on a daily basis (85.16%), predominantly through incineration (79.35%) and open dumping (89.03%), with limited utilization of recycling or composting practices. ANOVA results demonstrated significant discrepancies in satisfaction levels among respondents regarding current waste management practices (p<0.001). Regression analysis indicated a moderate positive correlation between the neutral category and overall satisfaction (R2 = 0.12, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the results revealed an R value of 0.35, indicating a considerably strong positive relationship between satisfaction levels and waste management practices. An overwhelming 99.35% of respondents reported health issues potentially linked to waste management practices, such as skin infections and gastrointestinal problems. The study proposes various recommendations including enhancing infrastructure, increasing waste collection frequency, investing in modern processing facilities, and advocating for community engagement and education to enhance waste management practices and mitigate health impacts.

Rethinking Modern Process Thought: A Brief Historiographical Survey

By all accounts, Alfred North Whitehead (1861–1947) is virtually synonymous with process thought, including its more specific expressions as process philosophy and theology. This is most often assumed with little regard for the origins of modern process thought itself. Nicholas Rescher, reflecting on this fact, has called the pluralization of the field the “cardinal task” of all process proponents. This charge, given nearly thirty years ago, remains unfulfilled. Despite the fact that other candidates are available, the preeminence of this singular figure, and subordinately his later interpreter Charles Hartshorne (1897–2000), has led to what may be called “The Whitehead/Hartshorne Factor” in virtually all aspects of process thought. This has functioned as a limiting factor in the promotion of processual ideas, a phenomenon noted during the earliest years of modern process history. This historiographical review will outline the features of these limitations and suggest a broader process approach that works to the benefit of its theological branch in particular. This paper dares to ask the “heretical” question, what would process philosophy and theology look like without Whitehead? Ironically, with the most recent analysis of Whitehead scholarship, the answer is hidden in plain sight.

Ventricular Fibrillation Prediction and Detection: A Comprehensive Review of Modern Techniques

This review offers a detailed examination of modern ECG signal processing techniques employed in the prediction and detection of ventricular fibrillation (VF). It contains a thorough analysis of recent advancements in the field, exploring the strengths, limitations, and real-world applications of these techniques. By evaluating the current state of research, the review seeks to identify the most effective approaches and highlight key areas where further investigation is needed, ultimately guiding future research efforts toward improving VF prediction and detection. Overall, AI has shown significant potential in a range of VF-related tasks. However, real-world implementation encounters several challenges, including difficulties in accurately interpreting ECG signals, the variability in individual physiological responses, and the infrequency of ventricular fibrillation events. Additionally, there are issues related to the critical timing required for detecting VF, the presence of similar arrhythmias, the need for adaptation to new ECG devices, energy consumption concerns, and the complex process of obtaining regulatory and legislative approvals for integrating software components into medical equipment. We consider that the present work might be useful in approaching the above challenges.

Study on the difference of composition between traditional and modern lime used in the restoration of Qufu San Kong Ancient Architectural

In recent years, a decline in the binding strength and frost resistance of lime binder used in the restoration of the Qufu San Kong ancient architectural complex in Shandong Province has been observed, which has significantly affected the quality of restoration. In this study, lime binder samples were collected from the Kuiwen Pavilion roof, limestone samples in the vicinity of the Confucius Temple, and modern industrial quicklime from various provinces in China. Analytical methods including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were employed. Results indicate that the local limestone in Qufu contains impurities such as Si or Mg. XRD patterns reveal that the main phase of the Kuiwen Pavilion roof lime binder samples is calcite. Using FTIR and Scanning Electron Microscope- Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM-EDS), the presence of hydrated calcium silicate (C-S-H) gel is identified in the samples. This suggests that the traditional quicklime-production process in Qufu yields a multiphase composite system. Modern industrial quicklime, aged for two months, showed no presence of C-S-H gel in the FTIR spectra and SEM-EDS results, indicating that it is a comparatively pure system primarily comprising CaO. The study suggests that traditional quicklime-production processes typically involve burning limestone with higher Si content, leading to the generation of a significant amount of dicalcium silicate. Additionally, the use of high-ash coal as fuel introduces reactive silicon dioxide into the quicklime product. These factors contribute to the formation of C-S-H gel in hydrated lime. The presence of C-S-H gel enhances lime binder properties such as binding strength and frost resistance. Modern quicklime production, which selects limestone with lower Si content and employs low-ash coal as fuel, aims to minimize or avoid the formation of C-S-H gel in hydrated lime. High-purity CaO quicklime products align with the principles of modern fine processing; however, they compromise the binding strength and durability of lime binder required for traditional architectural restoration.

Գևորգ Ղուկասյան, Եվրոպայի հայկական լոբբին․էթնիկ լոբբինգի էությունը և գործառնման համատեքստը

The purpose of the work is to highlight the transnational political role of ethnic lobbying in modern political processes, assess the structural-operational possibilities of the European Armenian lobby, the characteristics of its activities, identify lobbying entities and understand the scope of their influence and the possibility of role in RA-EU relations. The role of the institution of ethnic lobbying in the process of political modernization was evaluated. At the same time, the possibilities of ethnic lobbying to act as an operator of "soft power" were considered, the possibilities of lobbying in the conditions of the value system of multiculturalism were revealed, the chain of interaction and interaction of the "homeland-diaspora-host state" triangle was systematically characterized. The lobbying structures of the Armenian diaspora in Europe and the main directions and tools of their activities were identified, and the political behavior of the EU regarding the Karabakh problem was revealed. The intra-European perception of ethnic lobbying, the institutional and legislative possibilities of lobbying and its variety of ethnic lobbying in the EU have been analyzed. The monograph is intended for political scientists, historians, Armenologists, the governing body, professors and students of RA higher educational institutions, as well as the general reading public.

MODERNIZATION OF THE STATE CUSTOMS SERVICE OF UKRAINE’S OPERATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS

The article examines the modernization process of the State Customs Service of Ukraine in the context of European integration. The authors analyze the current challenges faced by Ukrainian customs, particularly those arising from the full-scale invasion by the russian federation. Key aspects of the European Union's customs system are discussed, including the EU Customs Code, Customs Risk Management System, Authorized Economic Operator program, and the New Computerized Transit System. Based on the EU's experience, the authors outline prospects and provide recommendations for improving Ukraine's customs system, taking into account its unique challenges and aspirations for European integration. The study emphasizes the importance of modernizing the customs service to accelerate Ukraine's integration into the EU.

Poverty Alleviation Through Education: China's Concrete Actions, Historical Achievements and Successful Experiences

Poverty has been a global challenge since ancient times, which has seriously hindered the process of modernization and the cause of fairness in the world. Education is widely regarded as an effective tool to eliminate poverty, so in recent years, countries have paid special attention to education poverty alleviation. China has taken a number of practical and effective measures in education poverty alleviation. Through these efforts, China has made four historic achievements in education poverty alleviation: first, it has realized the comprehensive popularization and consolidation of compulsory education in poor areas, and completely solved the problem of "learning"; second, the linkage between education poverty alleviation and vocational education, the establishment of an effective mechanism to block the intergenerational transmission of poverty; third, the optimal allocation of educational resources, narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas and regions; the fourth is to establish a full-coverage precision funding system, eliminating the phenomenon of " out of school due to poverty " in education. These historic achievements are inseparable from adhering to the priority development of education and the organic coordination of the national system. China's specific actions, achievements and experience in the field of education poverty alleviation have contributed Chinese wisdom and Chinese programs to the cause of education poverty alleviation worldwide.

National «voices» of academic musical performance in a globalized world

The ontological parameters of the national identification of musical performance of the academic tradition are considered. In the course of modern processes of cultural globalization and musical-professional unification, nationally characteristic features of Ukrainian musical performance are highlighted. The stylistic features and archetypal characteristics inherent in the artistic thinking of Ukrainian musicians-performers, which form the national sound ideal, are outlined. The relevance of the study is related to the uncertainty in modern music science of the ontological parameters of the national identification of the performing arts of the academic tradition. This, in turn, determines the main objective of the study - by outlining the constant stylistic parameters and archetypal features inherent in the artistic thinking of Ukrainian musicians, to determine the expressive resource of modern Ukrainian academic musical and performing arts in relation to the representation of national cultural identity in the globalized world. Theoretical base. The methodological support of the proposed reasoning is provided by the works of: philosophy, sociology, and cultural studies by Mladen Dolar, Wolfgang Shluchter, Boris Johnson, Ivan Lysy, Dmytro Chyzhevskyi, Dmytro Dontsov, etc.; of musicology - Oleksandr Kozarenko, Nadia Suprun-Yaremko, Yakov Soroker, David Hezmondalsh, etc., as well as their own scientific positions, published in publications on the issues of music and performing arts. The applied scientific methodology combines the methods of discourse analysis, empirical observations of the practice of performing activities, including data from one's own listening experience, musical comparativistics, and musicological generalizations. The scientific novelty of the applied approach is determined by the justification of the feasibility of using it as a musicological and analytical toolkit for research and national identification of the phenomena of musical and performing art of the philosophical category of the voice and the musicological category of the national sound ideal as reflecting genetically related phenomena. The summary summarizes the results of the research and characterizes the practical value of the presented considerations, which consists in enriching the analytical apparatus of musical science for in-depth study of the processes of musical and performing creativity. The further prospects of the development of Ukrainian musical performance in the role of the "voice of Ukrainian culture" in the world are indicated.

Intellectual Figures in Post-Tanzimat Social Change: The Example of Ahmet Cevdet Pasha and His Granddaughter Sister Zubeyde Ismet

The Tanzimat Period refers to the era spanning from the proclamation of the Gülhane Hatt-ı Hümayun on November 3, 1839, to 1876. Initiated in 1839 under the leadership of Reshid Pasha, the Tanzimat Period concluded in 1876 with the transition to a constitutional regime led by Midhat Pasha. Etymologically, Tanzimat denotes a comprehensive restructuring and transformation of the Ottoman administrative, political, social, and economic life. Ahmed Cevdet Pasha, a prominent figure of the 19th-century Ottoman Empire, made substantial contributions to the realms of administration, politics, culture, and scholarship. This study aims to examine Ahmed Cevdet Pasha, his family life, and the transformation of his granddaughter, Sister Zubeyde İsmet, within the context of the modernization process influenced by the Tanzimat period. The research employs a qualitative research method, specifically document analysis. The Ottoman Empire, having fallen behind the West in numerous areas, particularly in the military, sought to emulate the West, perceived as more advanced. This emulation extended beyond the military realm. With the Tanzimat reforms, Ottoman elites, including statesmen and intellectuals, sent their children to Western missionary schools. These Ottoman offspring were culturally assimilated and indoctrinated to serve the interests of Western Christianization. Consequently, this process of emulation evolved into cultural imperialism. As a result of this cultural imperialism, the granddaughter of Ahmet Cevdet Pasha converted to Christianity and became a nun. Zubeyde İsmet's transformation highlights the significance of the education system; regardless of an individual's adherence to their own religion, culture, and family, the educational system of the state and society in which they live will determine the fate of their generation.