Process Of Micro Research Articles

An Advanced Framework to Design A Smart Store System using IoT, AI, and Data Analytics that Improves Business Processes for Micro and Small Businesses

Small and Microbusinesses struggle for their survival as they are always short of resources, clients and data to make informed decisions. Only if they knew what to sell, when to sell and whom to sell, they would not only survive but also thrive. This is where they need some help of technology like IoT and AI to take their business to the next level. IoT and AI can be used as a combination to improve various business processes for small and micro businesses. This led to the invention of a new Framework which uses IoT, AI and Data Analytics to improve business processes for various types of businesses. Let us take a service example like selling personal use stuff such as clothes, jewelry, shoes, etc. These types of businesses could use printable near field RFID tags that can be bought for as low as $0.01 each (price may go down for bulk purchases) to put on the products. This tag will carry various information like purchase history, price history, discounts, availability, etc. With the use of these tags, businesses would be able to personalize the buying experience for the customers and learning their shopping habits. This could open up greater revenue opportunities by improving the existing customer base [1][4]. In this paper, we will discuss this framework and an implementation of it in a retail world.

Aspek Komunikasi Dalam Kebijakan Izin Usaha Mikro Dan Kecil Di Kecamatan Pahandut Kota Palangka Raya

Implementation of micro and Small Business license (IUMK) in Pahandut Sub-district of Palangka Raya has been running since the year 2015. To facilitate the community to obtain this micro and Small business license, the government made a policy that the community can take care of in the district office where the business is located. And also to facilitate the licensing process, by means of management free micro and Small business license. This micro and Small business license policy aim to facilitate the public in obtaining their business legality and easy access to capital. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to know how its implementation is the communication aspects in the policy of micro and small business licenses in the district Pahandut. 
 For the theory of communication, the theory is derived from the opinions of some experts, among them the theory of Kathleen K. Reardon. While the indicator used to determine the success of the policy using the approach expressed by George C. Edward III, among others is the aspect of communication. The research method used is qualitative descriptive. While the data collection methods use observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques using models submitted by Miles and Huberman, consisting of data reduction, data display (data presentation), and conclusion drawing/verification (withdrawal of conclusions/verifications). 
 The results revealed that the implementation process of micro and small business permit policy in the district Pahandut Palangka Raya city goes well but less maximum. This is because there are micro and small businesses who do not have the license and insufficient resources and some actors who still do not understand the flow of micro and small business licenses.

Nanostructuration of Thin Metal Films by Pulsed Laser Irradiations: A Review.

Metal nanostructures are, nowadays, extensively used in applications such as catalysis, electronics, sensing, optoelectronics and others. These applications require the possibility to design and fabricate metal nanostructures directly on functional substrates, with specifically controlled shapes, sizes, structures and reduced costs. A promising route towards the controlled fabrication of surface-supported metal nanostructures is the processing of substrate-deposited thin metal films by fast and ultrafast pulsed lasers. In fact, the processes occurring for laser-irradiated metal films (melting, ablation, deformation) can be exploited and controlled on the nanoscale to produce metal nanostructures with the desired shape, size, and surface order. The present paper aims to overview the results concerning the use of fast and ultrafast laser-based fabrication methodologies to obtain metal nanostructures on surfaces from the processing of deposited metal films. The paper aims to focus on the correlation between the process parameter, physical parameters and the morphological/structural properties of the obtained nanostructures. We begin with a review of the basic concepts on the laser-metal films interaction to clarify the main laser, metal film, and substrate parameters governing the metal film evolution under the laser irradiation. The review then aims to provide a comprehensive schematization of some notable classes of metal nanostructures which can be fabricated and establishes general frameworks connecting the processes parameters to the characteristics of the nanostructures. To simplify the discussion, the laser types under considerations are classified into three classes on the basis of the range of the pulse duration: nanosecond-, picosecond-, femtosecond-pulsed lasers. These lasers induce different structuring mechanisms for an irradiated metal film. By discussing these mechanisms, the basic formation processes of micro- and nano-structures is illustrated and justified. A short discussion on the notable applications for the produced metal nanostructures is carried out so as to outline the strengths of the laser-based fabrication processes. Finally, the review shows the innovative contributions that can be proposed in this research field by illustrating the challenges and perspectives.

Hierarchical Structure Including Nanoscale Passages By Using Wet-Etching of Nickel Thin Films in Lamellae Layers for Bio-Sensors Applications

In recent years, research for surface hierarchical structures for chemical sensor and bio-sensor devices applications has been highlighted owing to their relatively large ratio of surface-area compared to the volume. Especially, the hierarchical micro-nanostructures (organization of the nanostructure within the microstructure) including nanoscale passages have been intensively studied, because nanoscale passages are necessary for single-molecule DNA sequencing. In order to realize a hierarchical micro-nanostructure, the fabrication process for micro- and nano-scale structures should be applied together, controlling each pattern size precisely. Therefore, the properties of lateral Ni film etching by TFB etchant at room temperature were investigated by using samples with patterned lamellae layers consist of Ni, Al2O3, and SiO2 for fabricating hierarchical structures for the fabrication of hierarchical structure including nanoscale passages. Lateral etching length was increased with increasing etching time, despite of the difficult passage through nanoscale passage in lamellae layers. However, higher etching rate (2.1 nm/s) was observed in lower Ni film, which has contact with SiO2 and Al2O3 layers, compared to that (1.6 nm/s) of upper Ni film, which has contact with only Al2O3, due to stronger wetting property of SiO2, inducing easier penetration of etchant into nanoscale passage between surrounding layers. Moreover, the influence of Ni film thickness on lateral etching characteristics was also investigated. In this presentation, the fabrication process based on lateral Ni film etching in lamellae layers by liquid etchant at room temperature will be presented systematically for bio-sensor applications.

Procesos de innovación para el desarrollo de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas turísticas de la región del Río Sonora

Objetivo: caracterizar los procesos de innovación para el desarrollo de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas participantes en el mercado de servicios turísticos del río Sonora. Metodología: se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada a una muestra no probabilística conformada por 20 empresas. El instrumento permitió recabar información acerca de innovaciones en cuatro áreas: de producto, de procesos, organizativas y de marketing. Resultados: los tipos de innovación adoptados, en mayor medida por las empresas, están relacionados con el proceso y marketing; en contraparte, la innovación organizativa muestra la menor aceptación. La principal motivación para realizar las innovaciones fue el satisfacer las exigencias impuestas por la demanda. Limitaciones: este estudio se limitó al estado de adopción de innovaciones por parte de las empresas rurales, sin embargo, en estudios posteriores se pueden establecer relaciones entre innovaciones y variables como competitividad empresarial y tipos de liderazgo. Conclusiones: el análisis de la situación de las empresas de servicios turísticos de la región Río Sonora pone de manifiesto la presencia de innovaciones para su supervivencia. El aporte de este estudio radica en la generación de conocimiento empírico sobre la adopción de innovaciones que realizan Mipymes rurales, aspectos sobre los cuales han sido poco documentados en la literatura académica.

Characterization of fracture formation in organic-rich shales - An experimental and real time study of the Permian Lucaogou Formation, Junggar Basin, northwestern China

Abstract Volume fracturing in horizontal wells represents a principal technology in the effective economic development of unconventional shale oil and gas reservoirs. However, the number of intervals that were effectively fractured by this technology only account for 20%–50% of the total designed sections. Fracture development characteristics and the factors controlling artificial fracture growth in organic-rich shale require detailed evaluation; this cannot be accomplished using microseismic monitoring technology or well-log interpretation. In this paper, formation processes of micro- and nano-scale fractures in the organic-rich shales of the Lucaogou Formation, Jimusaer Sag, Junggar Basin, northwestern China, were presented. The study focused on the application of in situ, nano-scale CT imaging technology, in combination with rock mechanics analysis. Results allowed the visualization of fracture growth in the shale reservoirs, and revealed the influence of organic matter, mineral composition, and pore structure on the formation and distribution of artificial fractures. A three-dimensional dynamic growth model of micro- and nano-scale fractures in organic-rich shale was established. Data revealed that the Lucaogou Formation shale contained dolomite and illite intragranular pores, with a low abundance of organic pores; pore size ranged between 200 nm and 2 μm. Micro- and nano-size fractures were observed. The development of artificial fractures was positively correlated with the loading stress. The initiation stress of new generated fractures was 475 mN, which could break up dolomite, albite, K-feldspar, and the original pore system as well. The original pore system was generally conducive to fracture extension and expansion. As loading stress increased from 50 mN to 515 mN, the sample extension increased from 2 μm to 14 μm, and artificial fracture width increased from 0.3 μm to 10 μm. The total porosity increased from 5.45% to 8.35%, and volume growth rate reached 53.2%. These findings provide valuable insights into the study of fracture growth in organic-rich shales, and have implications for the design of hydro-fracturing in organic-rich shales.

Atomic rheology of gold nanojunctions.

Despite extensive investigations of dissipation and deformation processes in micro- and nano-sized metallic samples1-7, the mechanisms at play during the deformation of systems with ultimate (molecular) size remain unknown. Although metallic nanojunctions, which are obtained by stretching metallic wires down to the atomic level, are typically used to explore atomic-scale contacts5,8-11, it has not been possible until now to determine the full equilibrium and non-equilibrium rheological flow properties of matter at such scales. Here, by using an atomic-force microscope equipped with a quartz tuning fork, we combine electrical and rheological measurements on ångström-size gold junctions to study the non-linear rheology of this model atomic system. By subjecting the junction to increasing subnanometric deformations we observe a transition from a purely elastic regime to a plastic one, and eventually to a viscous-like fluidized regime, similar to the rheology of soft yielding materials12-14, although orders of magnitude different in length scale. The fluidized state furthermore exhibits capillary attraction, as expected for liquid capillary bridges. This shear fluidization cannot be captured by classical models of friction between atomic planes15,16 and points to an unexpected dissipative behaviour of defect-free metallic junctions at ultimate scales. Atomic rheology is therefore a powerful tool that can be used to probe the structural reorganization of atomic contacts.

Механізм утворення антифрикційних покриттів фрикційно-механічним методом

Different interpretations of the mechanism of formation of antifriction coatings by a friction-mechanical method hinders the widespread use of finishing antifriction non-abrasive treatment in the manufacture and repair of parts. It has been established that at the initial stage, the application of an antifriction coating by a friction-mechanical method will be accompanied by a process of micro-cutting of an antifriction material with its subsequent filling of the micro relief cavities in the form of chips. The fulfillment of the condition of micro-cutting of antifriction material is obligatory for the preparation of anti-friction coatings. A theoretical scheme of the process of micro cutting during the formation of an antifriction coating has been developed. The peculiarities of filling the micro relief cavity with antifriction material have been investigated. Taking into account the studied consistency, a new scheme for the application of anti-friction coatings with high tribological parameters has been proposed.

Innovation and technology processes in micro and small business

The purpose was to analyze innovation in a micro and small business (MSB) metallic frames manufacturing process located in the Campinas Metropolitan Region. Based on the collected primary data of i...

Structural Anisotropy of Amorphous Silicon Films Modified by Femtosecond Laser Pulses

It is demonstrated that the surface-relief orientation in the form of one-dimensional gratings with a period of 1.20 ± 0.02 μm formed under processing of hydrogenated-silicon films by femtosecond laser pulses (1.25 μm) with an energy density of 0.15 J/cm2 is determined by the direction of the polarization vector of the radiation and total laser exposure. Based on the results of the analysis of Raman spectra, the presence of a nanocrystalline phase of silicon with a volume fraction between 15 and 67% (depending on processing conditions) is detected. The observed processes of micro- and nanostructuring are caused by excitation of the surface plasmon–polaritons and nanocrystallization in the near-surface region in the field of high-power femtosecond laser pulses, respectively. In addition, formation of polymorph modifications of silicon Si-III and Si-XII under femtosecond laser processing with a number of pulses exceeding 500 is discovered. Anisotropy of the Raman signal for the above polymorph modifications is revealed.

Numerical analysis of solid liquid two phase abrasive flow polishing process for three stage variable diameter pipe

With the rapid development of technology and economy, rough machining has not been able to keep pace with the times. Heavy industry is more and more inclined to the field of precision and ultra-precision machining. During that time, abrasive flow machining technology emerged as the times require. The process of micro cutting is achieved through the contact between abrasive particles and workpiece, so that the accuracy of workpiece's inner surface can be polished, and the accuracy of workpiece improved, which is a representative polishing method. Taking the three-order variable diameter tube as the research object, this paper discusses the polishing characteristics of three level variable diameter pipe with solid liquid two phase abrasive flow. The removal pattern of abrasive flow micro cutting is analyzed, with the collision effect between abrasive particles and wall considered and ignored, which provides technical support for abrasive flow polishing variable diameter pipe parts.

Identifying policy entrepreneurs of public sector accounting agenda setting in Australia

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to improve Kingdon’s (1984, 2011) concept of policy entrepreneurs (PE) with regard to the theoretical development of the definition and identification and level of agency by supplementing it with elements of Schmidt’s (2008, 2010, 2011, 2012) sentient agents. The improved concept of discursive policy entrepreneurs (DPEs) is then applied in an in-depth case study about the agenda setting process of micro and macro whole-of-government accounting in Australia in the late 1990s and early 2000s.Design/methodology/approachBased on the concept of DPEs, a series of operationalised characteristics and proxies are developed to identify them and describe their behaviour. These are then applied in the case study. The two main data sources are semi-structured in-depth interviews and archival documents.FindingsThe findings show that the focus on DPEs’ discursive and coordination activities is critical for identifying and investigating the key actors of the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)/Government Finance Statistics (GFS) harmonisation agenda setting process. The study also finds that the two relevant decision-making bodies, the Financial Reporting Council and the Australian Accounting Standards Board, lost control over their agendas due to the actions of DPEs.Research limitations/implicationsThe improved concepts of DPEs will allow researchers to better identify the main agents of policy change and differentiate them from other supporters of policy ideas. Due to the qualitative nature of the study, the findings are not necessarily generalisable.Practical implicationsThe findings from this study can help participants of agenda setting processes to gain a better understanding of the actions and behaviours of DPEs. This might allow standard setting bodies to mitigate against undue influences by DPEs.Originality/valueThis study is the first study that uses Schmidt’s concept of the sentient agent to address the limitations of Kingdon’s concept of PE and develops and applies characteristics to identify PEs and their actions. It is also the only study to date that investigates the GAAP/GFS harmonisation agenda setting process.

Psychical distance in the internationalisation process of micro and small enterprises

Despite the development of new technologies and “flattening of the world”, psychical distance is a relevant factor in the internationalisation process of micro and small enterprises. This article indicates the importance of psychical distance in the internationalisation process of activities performed by companies of the SME sector, with particular focus put on micro and small enterprises. The multidimensional nature of the concept of distance in the internationalisation process was presented using the CAGE model (cultural, administrative, geographical, economic). The article discusses the concept of psychical distance and stage internationalisation theory in the context of the fundamental Uppsala model. Moreover, the article indicates risk categories of international operations and its impact on the scale of psychical distance in the internationalization of activities.

Estilo Cognitivo e as Dimensões do Processo de Estratégia em Micro e Pequenas Empresas

O processo da estratégia empresarial apresenta três dimensões: o pensamento lógico ou criativo, a formação deliberada ou emergente e a mudança revolucionária ou evolucionária. Ademais, o estilo cognitivo do estrategista também ganhou ênfase no campo da estratégia, sendo caracterizado pelo padrão individual de processamento de informações. Alinhando a cognição às dimensões do processo estratégico, adotamos como recorte as micro e pequenas empresas, consideradas como organizações empreendedoras. O objetivo geral do artigo foi analisar a relação entre o estilo cognitivo divergente holístico do empreendedor e as três dimensões do processo de estratégia em micro e pequenas e empresas. Adotou-se uma abordagem quantitativa, com coleta de dados a partir de questionário aplicado a uma amostra de 92 micro e pequenas empresas de um município do estado de São Paulo. Os resultados, a partir da análise da modelagem de equações estruturais, demonstraram a relação entre o estilo divergente holístico com o pensamento estratégico do tipo criativo, com a formação estratégica deliberada e com a mudança estratégica de caráter tanto revolucionário quanto evolucionário. Como contribuições, delineamos que, diante de um estilo divergente holístico, o empreendedor assume um pensamento estratégico criativo e preconiza tanto mudanças revolucionárias quanto evolucionárias. Por outro lado, a criatividade, a inovação e a visão holista do estilo em questão não corroboram necessariamente uma formação estratégica emergente, flexível e colaborativa, pelo contrário, se associam a uma formação deliberada sob responsabilidade exclusiva do empreendedor proprietário.

Nivel de uso de las redes sociales en el proceso de comunicación en las MIPES de Cuenca

<p>La investigación se desarrolló en Cuenca, tercera ciudad más importante del Ecuador, cuyo objetivo principal se enfocó en analizar el nivel de uso, así como la administración de redes sociales y aplicaciones móviles en los procesos de comunicación y mercadotecnia en las Micro y Pequeñas Empresas (MIPES).<br />Debido a que la globalización del internet ha hecho que las empresas deban adaptarse a entornos cada vez más complejos y competitivos, creando estrategias de valor para llegar a satisfacer a un nuevo estilo de demandantes, que influenciados por publicaciones en diferentes medios virtuales, están cada vez más informados, lo que repercute en una sociedad más exigente de confort. La investigación es de tipo cuantitativa, la muestra se tomó de las Micro y Pequeñas empresas de la ciudad. Para la recolección de información se implementó una encuesta, instrumento que fue aplicado a los establecimientos seleccionados. Los constructos de medición se validaron mediante el uso del alfa de Cronbach. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran un bajo nivel de adopción de redes sociales en la microempresa y un nivel medio en la pequeña empresa. Adicionalmente, se observa que en los establecimientos que utilizan las redes sociales y las aplicaciones móviles para actividades de comunicación y mercadotecnia, éstas no se explotan en su totalidad por múltiples factores como: desconocimiento en el uso y administración, no lo consideran necesario, falta de confianza y credibilidad entre otros aspectos.</p>

Decomposition Techniques on Forecasting Tourist Arrivals from Western European Countries to Sri Lanka

The forecasting tourist arrival is an essential discipline in planning, resource management, and other decision-making processes in micro and macro level. It facilitates to ensure the sustainable development by minimizing the risk to all aspects. There is a growth of arrivals from all the regions to Sri Lanka. Increasing of tourist arrivals could cause a positive or negative effect on the country. To get the maximum benefits from the positive impacts and to overcome the negative impacts, it is vital to forecast arrivals. This study focuses on identifying the highest tourist producing Western European countries and to forecast the arrivals from them. Monthly tourist arrival data from the UK, Germany, France, Netherland, and Italy for the period of, January 2008 to December 2014 was obtained from Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority (SLTDA). Time Series plots and AutoCorrelation Functions (ACF) were used for pattern recognition of arrivals. It revealed that the arrivals have both trend and seasonal patterns. As such, the Decomposition Techniques were tested for forecasting arrivals. The Residual plots and the Anderson-Darling test were used as the goodness of fit tests in model validation. The residuals of both; additive and multiplicative models for all the countries were found normally distributed and independent. The best fitting model was selected by comparing the relative measurements of errors and the absolute measurements of errors. Measurement errors of all the fitted models were satisfactorily small. Among them, the models with least errors were selected for forecasting. It is concluded that the Additive Decomposition models are the most suitable models for forecasting arrivals from Western European countries. However, arrivals show wave-like patterns with the trend. The Circular Model is a newly introduced technique for modeling wave-like patterns. It is recommended to test the Circular Model on de-trended data to see whether the forecasting accuracy increases.

Stratqual: Measuring the density of the strategic management deliberate process in micro and small companies performance

This paper aims to contribute to the study of the impact of strategic management concepts in micro and small company performance using the StratQual measuring. Micro and small companies are, in the Brazilian economic scenario, responsible for a considerable amount of jobs created, GDP’s formation, income generation and the capacity of adapting to the market’s necessities with agility and flexibility. Studies that were carried out by SEBRAE - “Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas” showing that micro and small companies formulate their strategies according to the perception that the entrepreneurs have of possible markets reactions. The StratQual index is presented as a measuring instrument that aims to allow a company to verify the intensity of its strategic management’s process, its evolution, permiting comparisons between different economic sectors, and enabling benchmarking about strategic management processes. One the main results indicates that micro and small companies that perform the activities of each one (Analysis, Planning, Implementation, Control, Feedback) in the Strategic Management process’ stages with higher intensity have a superior performance.

Becoming multilingual: The macro and the micro time perspective

AbstractPotential multilingualism is a characteristic property of human language. This paper adopts a usage-based, complex-systems approach in discussing two different but interrelated perspectives on how multilingualism takes shape in individuals: the development of a linguistic repertoire over time (macro time perspective) and the processes of language use and acquisition in specific situations (micro time perspective). The concept of L3 has a role at the micro time level, in the situations of language use. A variable model of the situation of language use and acquisition in micro time is proposed. It adopts a factor approach which is inspired by Hufeisen’s Factor Model, but extends that model so as to be applicable to more variable stages and forms of linguistic repertoires. The connection between dynamic processes in micro and macro time is illustrated by data from a longitudinal test of phonological production which exposes both specific usage events and an evolving pattern.

Evaluation of the Cutting Force Components and the Surface Roughness in the Milling Process of Micro- and Nanocrystalline Titanium

Abstract Nanocristalline pure titanium in comparison to microcrystalline titanium is characterized by better mechanical properties which influence its wider usability. The aim of the research was to evaluate whether the grain size of pure titanium (micro- and nanocrystalline) has influence on the cutting force components and the surface roughness in the milling process. Models of cutting force components for both materials were prepared and differences between the results were examined. The feed rate effect on selected parameters of surface roughness after milling of micro- and nanocrystalline pure titanium was determined.

Factores determinantes de la innovación en las MIPYMES manufactureras de la Argentina y el Ecuador

This paper provides an analysis of the determinants for each type of innovation - product, process in Micro, Small and Medium (MSMEs) manufacturing enterprises, in respectively Argentina and Ecuador. The study is based on the panel data 2006-2010 of the World Bank Enterprise Survey. The results through the probit model indicate a positive and significant relationship between product, process innovation and R&D, and a positive and significant relationship between the process innovation and qualified employees and quality certification in the two countries.