Process Of Technological Change Research Articles

SECPON: Analysis of Engineering Change Processes for Manufacturing Companies

The problem of process models in engineering change management is their static approach, which hinders enterprises from using them in daily business. The SECPON process is a standardized implementation process for engineering changes with the additional benefit of enabling users to adjust this process according to the specific requirements of their company and product. The indication that there are influencing factors on change processes is innovative for the theory of engineering change management. Additionally, special process steps for certain branches, such as the food industry, the pharmaceutical industry, the aeronautical industry, and the railway industry, are integrated. Due to the wide variety of literature and survey participants, the reference process is universally applicable. The deductive–inductive research results enable business users to apply more accurate and structured engineering change processes. Researchers profit from the successful new approach to engineering change management with the adaptive process model.

Provision of comprehensive secondary schools with teaching staff holding university-level degrees: With the main focus on the regions of the Russian Federation

Introduction. The current socio-political and economic situation in the Russian Federation requires significant reorientations of the Russian economy towards import substitution, the development of high-tech and social technologies, and a considerable renewal of the service sector. This, in turn, sets priorities for the entire Russian education system. Rapid changes in technological processes, the development of digitalization and artificial intelligence, the rapid obsolescence of knowledge and the need to update it, and the increasing processes of globalization require teachers to constantly advance their professional competences, have stable civic position, understand the vector of government policy and nurture the appropriate educational attitudes in the younger generation, to take part in the formation of a national-cultural consciousness, a conscious sense of national cultural peculiarities and the unity of the Russian people, taking into account the uniqueness and specificity of living in various Russian regions. The article discusses some regional features of staffing educational settings and examples of solving the national tasks of identifying professional deficits within regional educational systems, measures to support teaching staff, and strategies and mechanisms of state regulations in the field of education. The purpose of the study is to reveal the characteristic features of staffing comprehensive schools with employees holding university-level degrees in the regions of the Russian Federation. Materials and Methods. The article presents the results of investigating the representation of teacher education in the regions of the Russian Federation. The study was conducted using a comparative analysis of official statistical data on comprehensive secondary educational institutions (‘OO-11’ reporting form) and on Higher educational institutions (‘VPO-1’ reporting form). The research methods also included a sociological survey of Local Educational Authorities within the regions of the Russian Federation. Results. The research has revealed the need for teaching staff identified by Local Educational Authorities, the most common mechanisms for solving the problem of teacher shortage in the regions of the Russian Federation, and the mechanisms used for identifying the needs for teaching staff. The prevailing mechanisms of revealing the interest of children and youth in career in education and teaching are determined. The survey indicated the most common measures of support for teaching and education staff in the regions by Local Educational Authorities, directions for improving the quality of initial teacher education and other aspects related to the provision of regional education systems with teaching staff, and the quality of induction and mentoring systems for newly qualified educators. The results of the survey are selectively presented in the article. Conclusions. The results obtained can be used by the state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation, federal districts of the Russian Federation, and higher educational institutions to improve the efficiency of regional models of teacher education, integrating them into the national educational system of teacher education.

OBTAINING AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MANNAN-PEPTIDE NANOHYBRID

Bioactive peptides belong to a new generation of biologically active regulators with a wide range of important physiological effects. This determines the prospects for their use in functional foods as dietary supplements and medicine. The main source of such bioactive peptides is cow's milk. It contains proteins, which include 80% caseins. Like other bioactive compounds, they are exposed to unwanted changes in technological processes and during transit along the gastrointestinal tract. In order to improve their stability and increase bioavailability, conjugates obtained by the Maillard reaction have recently been used. Currently, it is positioned as a promising way to prevent the destructive impact of external factors. This article highlights the results of studies designed to determine the feasibility of casein fragmentation with papain to obtain bioactive peptides and the subsequent creation on their basis of a nanohybrid with a mannan component by the Maillard reaction. Enzymatic hydrolysis of sodium caseinate with papain was carried out with varying the duration of the hydrolysis process (30, 60, 120, 180, 240 min). The yield of protein proteolysis products depending on the duration of the process ranged from 77.8% to 83.9%.Enzymatic hydrolysis of sodium caseinate contributed to a significant increase in the products of its fragmentation mass fraction of amine Nitrogen – from 4561.4 to 5687.5 mg/100 g (4.6–5.7%), which is 3.5–4.4 times more than the content of free amino groups in the original sodium caseinate. Among them, almost 1/2 arebioactive peptidescontaining up to 20 amino acid residues.The mannan-peptide nanohybrid was incubated with biopeptides with modified coffee mannan, which had the ability to dissolve in water.The reaction mixture was exposed to 60 oC for 6 h. The yield of lyophilized product was 38.1%, the mass fraction of mannan reached 10.6-10.9%, and peptides, respectively, – 89.1–89.4%. The protective effect of the polysaccharide component against the peptide component was evaluated in vitro in a pepsin-trypsin system. It was found that the stability of peptides in the nanohybrid is much higher than in the original hydrolyzate. The use of the created nanohybrid is possible both to obtain protective shells of labile biologically active substances and to increase the bioavailability of peptides when they are included in dietary supplements and functional foods.

Digitalization of Culture. Review of the book “Eine kurze Geschichte der Digitalisierung” by M. Burckhardt

The article reviews the book of the German culturologist M. Burkhardt “Eine kurze Geschichte der Digitalisierung”. Burckhardt considers digitalization not only as a cumulative process of technological change, but also as a value shift associated with the proliferation of digitalization into all spheres of life. Based on rich historical material, the book describes the emergence, design and implementation of various technologies that made digitalization possible. Burckhardt’s key hypothesis is that the transition to the digital age must be viewed in the context of the creation of a new structure of social relations and cultural patterns generated by digitalization. Digitalization should be described as a process that is taking place on acultural level as actively as in the economic or technological spheres. Burkhardt pays special attention to the problem of self-governance of the scientific community and the opportunities that digitalization has provided for it in the last half century. The third important theme in the book is the value of work in the digital age and the revaluation of the work process in connection with the increasing proliferation of digital technologies.

VIRTUAL AND ACCESSIBLE REALITY TECHNOLOGIES IN THE TRENDS OF MODERN ENTERPRISE COMPETITIVENESS

In today's dynamic business environment, any business organization strives to maintain its own competitive advantage in the market. Therefore, each company develops and implements methods that allow not only to maintain a stable position, but also to develop and increase the scale of activities in a particular area. Such methods include various innovative solutions, attraction of highly qualified personnel, improvement of management system, changes in technological processes in production and many other things. Recently, however, so-called virtual reality technologies (VR-technologies) have become increasingly popular among companies. They are becoming increasingly important due to the rapid development of information and communication and digital technologies, which greatly facilitate and diversify the lives of most people and organizations. Virtual reality technology is slowly entering the workplace and is used in many fields such as medicine, construction and design, automotive, military, logistics, architecture and design, education, sports, engineering, design, tourism, and more. The main advantage of such technologies is the possibility of complete immersion into the created reality, additionally acquired ability to feel and analyze both positive aspects and negative consequences of planned actions, as well as to simulate options for future events. Therefore, the use of modern VR technologies by more and more organizations plays an important role in the development of their competitiveness. According to scientists and practitioners, the benefits of using such technologies are, first, to create added value for consumers through a new set of skills and knowledge; second, to give the organization a virtual competitive advantage; third, the achievement by the company of greater flexibility, dynamism and persuasiveness when using virtual reality to demonstrate its product (for example, to disassemble and assemble its own products in order to explain the internal mechanism or something else); fourth, reducing the duration of the production process, which uses VR technology; fifth, reducing costs and increasing profits for the organization by optimizing processes, which will save resources and time, and others. The aim of this publication is to investigate the main theoretical and practical aspects of virtualization of organizations, in particular, the impact of VR-technologies on their competitiveness, to analyze foreign experience in the use of virtual technologies in business and to summarize proposals for competitive advantage based on virtual reality technologies.

Розвиток стартапів у сфері енергетики: світовий досвід і можливості для України

The aim of the study is to define the essential characteristics of startups, identify the features, trends and prospects for their development in the global energy sector as well as development opportunities in Ukraine. Based on the carried out research, it is shown that today startups are a catalyst for economic development, the processes of their creation in the world are developing dynamically. The importance of the energy sector in the development of startups due to the importance for states and humanity aiming at achieving the goals of the transition to clean energy, also the need to ensure energy independence and security of the countries of the world, and their national security in particular, is determined. An understanding of the essence of the concept of «startup» has been formed. It is found that startups are based on low-tech, high-tech and deep-tech innovations, their features are examined. Specific features of the energy sector that determine the processes of technological changes in the sector and affect the peculiarities of creating and implementing startups, the dynamics of their development and risks are highlighted. Quantitative indicators of the development of startups (including those connected with energy sector), as at the global level so by individual countries, their structure according to the directions, features of the development of startups in the fields of «clean» and «digital» energy are researched. The experience of individual countries in building an effective startup ecosystem is considered. It is substantiated that in the current conditions the development of the country requires the use of various instruments on the part of national policy for the formation and development of an ecosystem of startups, ensuring the appropriate institutional environment. This will create the basis for economic growth, which is extremely important for Ukraine in the context of post-war economic recovery. It is determined that large-scale destruction in the energy sector substantiates the high importance of the development of startups in it, which can be helpful in covering certain needs, for example, in liquid fuel, efficient heat supply, etc.

ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЙ ПРИВОД СТРОИТЕЛЬНО-ДОРОЖНЫХ МАШИН

This article deals with the use of electric drive in the design of mobile road construction vehicles. Despite the fact that electric drive has been used in machine engineering for a long time (span type cranes, tower cranes, machines), this type of drive is not widely used in specialized equipment (single-bucket excavators, bulldozers, single-bucket loaders, etc.). At the same time, based on scientific evidence, the electric drive has been used more and more often in the car engineering. Clearly, the use of electric drives in road construction machines has not been sufficiently investigated and therefore it's limited. This is due to a number of factors associated with the features (a large mass, changes in technological processes of work) and operating conditions (natural, climatic, road) of this road machinery. This must be taken into account in the development of road construction vehicles with an electric drive to improve the efficiency of their use. The authors analyzed the characteristics of machines with electric drive, determined the functional dependences, and based on this made the main conclusions.

Improving engineering change management by introducing a standardised description for engineering changes for the automotive wiring harness

Engineering change management is a key part in the development of products that requires a lot of resources and time. A key problem is the lack of a shared ontology to describe engineering changes. This creates problems, additional effort and hinders the digitalisation of the engineering change management. This is especially true for the development of the automotive wiring harness where a low degree of automation together with the occurrence of many changes in a multi-variant system poses a big challenge. A description that is unambiguous, comprehensive and coherent is needed. The research presented in this paper tackles this problem. A standardised description for the engineering change management for the automotive wiring harness is introduced in this publication. The authors outline the approach that has been used to create a systematic description. The validation of the standardised description is based on two approaches: a case study of a development project and an ongoing development project. The validation shows that 94% of all engineering changes can be described in the proposed standardised way. Concepts where the standardised descriptions can be used to improve the engineering change process are outlined at the end of the paper. The paper thereby presents a way that directly improves the engineering change process and the product development process. It enables the further improvement of the engineering change management by providing a basis for an automatic processing, evaluation and implementation of engineering changes.

The Potter’s Wheel in the Chilean Central Valley: A Long-Term and Contextual Perspective on Technological Change

In this article the social and technological dynamics detected in the transition from hand-made pottery to wheel-thrown ware in a modern context is considered. The many different sources supplemented by fieldwork provide a long-term perspective and a depiction of its present consequences. It is specifically explained, how an indigenous, hand-made, domestic and female pottery-production system has turned into an essentially male, wheel-thrown and workshop activity. After a series of significant events, the Indian village of Pomaire gained a reputation as a potter’s village. The several changes underwent by its population as regards to pottery production makes it an interesting example to analyse the origin and development of a process of technological change which ended up with the displacement of women from pottery-making and the introduction of the means for mechanised production during the 1980s. Thus, the social and technical transformations which have taken place since colonial times (beginning of the 16th century), for the potters of Pomaire are explained, enlarged on their history in order to contribute to a general reflection.

E-Learning Application in Musical Education: Needs and Possibilities

Technological progress, or in other words, the digital revolution, a name that more clearly describes the speed and manner in which this process takes place, is changing our world in multiple areas and across multiple levels. Due to the complexity and the organization of the formal education system, the implementation and the use of technological resources does not take place sufficiently and at the same speed in all schools. The entry of technology into teaching depends on the users’ capabilities and technical resources, i.e. on each individual teacher and the technological equipment at his disposal (Nart, 2016). And while the offer of digital tools for creating, performing and sharing music has become widely available and financially acceptable to the general population, which according to Savage (2007) has accelerated the process of technological change in music, the usage of technology in schools with traditional music practice is very rare (Mills Murray, 2000). The availability of ICT resources in music schools, such as technological equipment and licensed computer programs designed to assist learning and teaching in the users’ mother tongue (especially those intended for music education), the lack of teachers’ competencies required to use technology in teaching, as well as the absence of methodological frameworks that could support planning and executing of such lessons are the main reasons for this delay of technology implementation in the music education system. According to a 2018 study by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), more than 60% of teachers said that they did not feel ready to use digital technology in teaching. By contrast, in a public consultation launched by the European Commission in 2021 on the new Digital Education Action Plan (2021-2027), over 60% of teachers stated that they had improved their digital skills and that the crisis caused by COVID-19 forced them to use technology more than usual. In the near future, it is realistic to expect that ICT will be integrated into the usual music teaching curriculum (Crow, 2005). Teachers should advance from being the passive users of digital tools to becoming the digital innovators capable of using technology to improve their teaching skills and consequently achieving greater success with learning outcomes (Koehler Mishra, 2005).But how much is technology changing us as music teachers? How much is our teaching changing? And formal music education in general? What is good about this change and what is not good for our students? We are discussing and emphasizing the benefits that technology provides in music teaching, however, certain special demands, that such education requires, technology cannot fulfil yet. For instance, demonstrating proper body posture, along with correct arm and hand position, avoiding injuries while performing music (Waddell Williamon, 2019) or delivering online teaching at a high artistic level (Adileh, 2012). These are all actions that, in addition to multidimensional activities, presuppose a “live” teacher (Ruismäki Juvonen, 2009), a “live’’ model observed and followed by the students with more of their senses than just sight and hearing. Through the method of interviews with music school teachers, we will try to find answers to the questions posed here and some additional ones. The aim of this paper is to encourage the scientists and teachers in music education to think about and find the best solutions for optimal and purposeful use of new technological achievements.

Broadening the landscape of post-network cities: a call to research the off-grid infrastructure transitions of the non-poor

Within urban studies, the emerging post-network approach explores infrastructure transitions towards hybrid mixing of grid and off-grid technologies, resources, services, and actors. However, scholarship addressing off-grid transitions in the global south focuses almost exclusively on the poor as non-networked infrastructure consumers. This paper adopts a landscape perspective to consider broader processes of technological, institutional and behavioural change. Using a case study of Day Zero in Cape Town (South Africa), the paper draws on existing studies to demonstrate how the off-grid infrastructure transitions of non-poor households and businesses have potentially catastrophic (but largely ignored) consequences for cities in terms of environmental sustainability, urban governance and citizenship, network quality, and municipal finance. The paper concludes that broadening the landscape of infrastructure analysis, to consider the off-grid infrastructure transitions of the non-poor in the global south, is crucial to address contemporary global challenges.

Before the Acheulean: The emergence of bifacial shaping at Kokiselei 6 (1.8 Ma), West Turkana, Kenya

We present new evidence for the emergence of biface shaping from Kokiselei 6 in the Kokiselei Site Complex (KS) in West Turkana, Kenya. This rich and well-preserved new site presents an opportunity to investigate the earliest development of biface shaping. The emergence of biface shaping in lithic technology is often used as evidence for increased and/or novel cognitive abilities that contrast prior hominins’ flaking capacities. Yet, recent research reveals a story of gradual change over time in a variety of different flaking and shaping strategies. Here, we present preliminary excavation and lithic data from Kokiselei 6 that will be critical for future investigations of biface shaping emergence at KS. Kokiselei preserves the oldest known Acheulean lithic assemblage, Kokiselei 4 (1.76 Ma), as well as several older sites. Geochronological research shows that Kokiselei 6 stratigraphically underlies Kokiselei 4 and is the oldest site in the complex at 1.8 Ma. The Kokiselei 6 excavation yielded thousands of piece-plotted lithic artifacts and faunal remains. Preliminary analysis of the lithics (n = 3856) indicates a prevalence of bifacial flaking strategies alongside minimal evidence for rough biface shaping. We argue that the flaking strategies observed from bifacial cores share similar operations and abilities as those involved in the production of the roughly shaped bifaces at the site. This preliminary evidence supports existing arguments that biface shaping emerged gradually out of variability in bifacial core reduction, ultimately leading to the systematic production of bifaces characteristic of the Acheulean. Future work teasing apart the processes of technological change at KS more broadly will be critical for understanding the emergence of biface shaping. These new data add to a growing narrative that opposes long-held assumptions about hominin cognitive evolution that suggest Acheulean technology required new, and more complex, cognitive abilities and gestures.

Unplanned but well prepared: A reinterpreted success story of international agricultural research, and its implications

A recent study found that adoption rates of improved chickpea varieties were above 90 per cent in Andhra Pradesh, India. In this paper, we use a novel perspective to reconstruct and attribute how this outcome came about. The accepted success narrative is that the public international agricultural research system developed some excellent new chickpea varieties, which were well suited to local agro-ecologies, farming systems and cropping patterns, and highly appreciated by farmers. We argue that this narrative is incomplete, because it constitutes only a partial explanation of the confluence of factors that led to the outcome. We reconstruct the success story using a recent conceptual framework that decomposes the technological change process into four aspects: propositions, encounters, dispositions and responses (PEDR). We show that many of the factors which contributed to the spread of modern chickpea varieties in Andhra Pradesh lay beyond the control of the international agricultural research system, and operated across large spatial and temporal scales. In conclusion, we argue that the success of improved chickpeas in Andhra Pradesh underscores the value of basic plant breeding and research, which aim to produce public goods. We relate our analysis to current discussions about the future strategic direction of international agricultural research organisations and the CGIAR. Our argument implies a criticism of the drive to develop new varieties which conform to product profiles that are based on predictions of current and near-term demand. While that approach makes sense for product developers seeking to serve commercial markets, basic research is needed to create and diversify technical options, which anticipate a range of future needs that are hard to predict in the present.

Basket of options: Unpacking the concept.

How to stimulate technological change to enhance agricultural productivity and reduce poverty remains an area of vigorous debate. In the face of heterogeneity among farm households and rural areas, one proposition is to offer potential users a ‘basket of options’ – a range of agricultural technologies from which potential users may select the ones that are best suited to their specific circumstances. While the idea of a basket of options is now generally accepted, it has attracted little critical attention. In this paper, we reflect on outstanding questions: the appropriate dimensions of a basket, its contents and how they are identified, and how a basket might be presented. We conceive a basket of options in terms of its depth (number of options related to a problem or opportunity) and breadth (the number of different problems or opportunities addressed). The dimensions of a basket should reflect the framing of the problem or opportunity at hand and the objective in offering the basket. We recognise that increasing the number of options leads to a trade-off by decreasing the fraction of those options that are relevant to an individual user. Farmers might try out, adapt or use one or more of the options in a basket, possibly leading to a process of technological change. We emphasise that the selection (or not) of specific options from the basket, and potential adaptation of the options, provide important opportunities for learning. Baskets of options can therefore be understood as important boundary concepts that invite critical engagement, comparison and discussion. Significant knowledge gaps remain, however, about the best ways to present the basket and to guide potential users to select the options that are most relevant to them.

Manufacturing Control System Development for an In Vitro Diagnostic Product Platform

The current in vitro diagnostic design process is a combination of methods from engineering disciplines and from government regulatory agencies. The goal of design processes that have been developed is to ensure that a new product meets the user’s expectations and is safe and effective in providing its claimed benefits and proper functioning, otherwise known as the essential design outputs. In order to improve the ability of designers and auditors to ascertain the safety and efficacy of a product, the use of design controls has been adopted that specify a method of evaluating the design process at several key stages. The main objective of this research was to examine the resolution and architectural details necessary to build an adequate manufacturing control system to assure the EDO outputs in large IVD instruments in the company under study. The control system is the defined inspections and test processes to delineate between acceptable and unacceptable product before release for sale. The authors reviewed current design control regulatory requirements within the IVD industry, as well as design controls in other regulated industries. This research was completed to determine what opportunities could be transferred to large in-vitro IVD instruments using an IVD manufacturer as a case study. In conclusion, the research identified three areas where a properly configured EDO can add value within IVD instrument design and manufacture, namely: (1) development of a control system which is fit for purpose; (2) a mechanism to manage and proliferate key design knowledge within the organisation and thereby manage outsourced services; and (3) implementing a scaled engineering change process because changes impacting EDO naturally require extra regulatory and engineering oversight.

ДЕРЖАВНА ПОЛІТИКА ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ РИНКУ ПРАЦІ: ВИКЛИКИ ЦИФРОВОЇ ЕПОХИ

Процеси технологічних змін, які позначилися на забезпеченні життєдіяльності держави, виробництва, відобразилися у переважній більшості людської діяльності - є наслідком стрімкого розвитку цифрової економіки. Породжені інноваційними технологіями нові напрями діяльності підприємств, установ та організацій вимагають наявності у персоналу відповідних фахових навичок, пов’язаних зі знаннями цифрової економіки. Мета дослідження полягає у аналізі сучасного стану державної політики трансформації ринку праці та формування підходів щодо впровадження змін з урахуванням викликів цифрової епохи. Як показує процес розвитку ринку праці, цифровізація та технологічний прогрес значно вплинули на економічну діяльність, виявивши вимоги щодо адаптивних навичок фахівців. Це, в свою чергу, в найближчому майбутньому призведе до значного скорочення та ліквідації робочих місць. Цифрова трансформація є складними змінами за рахунок посиленого впливу технологій, спрямованими на відносини у суспільній та економічній сферах. Концепція Industry 4.0 передбачає виникнення та подальший розвиток сучасних інноваційних напрямів діяльності. Нагальною постає потреба отримання та адаптування працездатного населення до мінливих вимог ринку праці. Впровадження нових напрямів потребуватиме значної кількості найманих працівників, в той же час – зникнення неактуальних напрямів призведе до значного рівня безробіття. Визначено, що перед державною політикою, пов’язаною з трансформації ринку праці, постають питання, спрямовані на: врегулювання балансу між виконанням роботи людьми та автоматизованими системами; контроль за безпечним використанням провідних технологій; формування необхідного середовища для підприємницької конкуренції; збільшення фінансування НДДКР; розбудову цифрової інфраструктури; впровадження стимулюючого характеру в оплаті праці в наукоємних та інноваційних сферах діяльності; законодавче упорядкування питань, пов’язаних з виконанням віддаленої роботи; посилення інституційних меж захисту інтелектуальної власності; державну підтримку суб’єктів інноваційної діяльності; залучення значних інвестицій у розвиток наукової та освітньої сфери; перепідготовку фахівців у різних сферах діяльності та працевлаштування.

Feasibility study for an automated engineering change process

Engineering change is a significant cost for projects. While avoiding and mitigating the risk of change is ideal, mistakes and improvements are recognised as more is learned about the decisions made in a design. This paper presents a feasibility and performance analysis of automating engineering change requests to demonstrate the promise for increasing speed, efficiency, and effectiveness of product-lifecycle-wide engineering-change-requests. A comparatively simple case is examined to mimic the reduced set of alterable aspects of a typical change request and to highlight the need of appropriate search algorithms as brute force methods are prohibitively resource intensive. Although such cases may seem trivial for human agents, with the volume of expected change requests in a typical facility, the potential opportunity gain by eliminating or reducing the amount of human effort in low-level changes accumulate into significant returns for the industry on time and money. Herein, the genetic algorithm is selected to demonstrate feasibility with its broad scope of applicability and low barriers to deployment. Future refinement of this or other sophisticated algorithms leveraging the nature of the standard representations and qualities of alterable design features could produce tools with strong implications for process efficiency and industry competitiveness in its projects execution.

The impact of educated migrants and R&D expenditures on innovation

Abstract Migration has become a topic of great interest of the 21st century, as it triggers multiple advantages and downsides, both for the people and communities implicated, depending on the policies in place. International migration should not be perceived as an issue that needs to be solved, but rather a global phenomenon that can reduce poverty and foster inclusive growth and sustainable development, both in origin and destination countries. The most highly-skilled immigrants represent a key factor in enhancing innovation and technological change processes, which are essential aspects of social and economic development. The purpose of the study is to analyse the impact of highly educated immigrants (with tertiary-educated immigrant employees and foreign PhD students) together with R&D investments on innovative activity (proxied by the number of patents applications), in the case of the ten countries which joined the EU in 2004. The evaluated time frame is from 2011 to 2017. For the econometric analysis of the panel data, we developed fixed-effects linear regression models, at the country-level. The indicators computed are relevant to the innovative activity. The econometric estimations highlight a positive correlation between educated migrants and the number of patent applications in all ten countries. This nexus is even strengthened when we take into consideration other relevant impact factors, such as investments in R&D and human capital. Therefore, the more efforts and investments are devoted to R&D and highly educated individuals, the more predictable the innovation is.

Designing research to inform sustainability and scalability of digital technology innovations.

Considerably more research needs to be done to understand how successful technological innovations and change processes are sustained and scaled to new learning contexts. Without a better understanding of successful technological innovation, the wider field and education community are unable to benefit and build capacity. A model is presented that explores how research can better inform sustainability and scalability in technological innovations. It is represented as four loops: Organization, Innovation, Research and New Contexts. Three international case studies of technological innovation are analyzed to demonstrate use of the framework and model. Results show that research can be designed to support sustainability and scalability, but that this needs to be balanced with other factors to support a successful technological innovation. Implications for supporting technological innovations are explored.

Systematic literature review paper: the regional innovation system-university-science park nexus

Recent work on Region Innovation Systems (RIS) has emphasised the importance of universities. Until recently, however, related insights into the dynamics of this relationship in respect of the specific role of the science park have been limited. This paper presents a systematic review identifying the key roles of each actor in relation to innovation. We link the dynamic roles performed by the university between science parks and the RIS. Our results enable us to identify how the key activities performed by the university change during its interrelations within the RIS and with the science park. Our analysis of the literature distinguishes between three sets of relationships through which the university plays differing roles: RIS-university, RIS-university-science park, and university-science park. Respectively, the University’s relationships between these different RIS actors focuses on: resource sharing, brokerage, and commercialisation-exploitation. Secondly, we find that within each of these relationship types the university can perform three types of roles: on knowledge co-creation, acting as conduit, and inter-organisational relationship building. Distinguishing between these differing relationships and roles enables us to identify a total of nine dynamic roles performed by the University, which include: provision of information, channels of communication, infrastructure, regional networking, building research collaboration, acting as knowledge intermediaries, economic development, technological change and commercialisation processes, and start up creation and commercialisation. The review identifies several gaps in the literature in need of further research, and suggests that university relationships with RIS, interlinked with those between the university and science park itself, are important factors affecting science park innovation performance.