Process Of Self-formation Research Articles

Dalit Bildungsroman: A Modernist Perspective into the Poetics of Self in Jhoothan

This article analyses the incompetency of Indian philosophy of ‘Absoluteness’ and Western genre of classical Bildungsroman to analyse the process of self-formation in an odyssey of a Dalit. The modern contemporary era negotiates post-colonial and postmodern approaches to provide a heuristic view to the subjected self of a Dalit. The modernist approach takes Dissensual Bildungsroman into consideration. Om Prakash Valmiki’s Jhoothan narrates an experience of a subjugated and unheard voice and his journey of self-acculturation. The paper pre-eminently concerns with unique and experimented form of self which can provide a tantamount status to the pariah community and their culture compared with the elite Hindu community and among its wide range of readers and audience.

Size Dependency of Super Gecko Structure Consisting of Normal Polyethylenes for Their Formation Process by Coulombic Force and Tensile Strength

Gecko has ability to climb up easily on smooth vertical surface such as window glass. There are thousands of nano size hairs on the Gecko's feet. They cause strong attractive van der Waal’s force. Aihara and Chibana suggested the Super Gecko structure in which the normal polyethylene (PE) molecules are vertically transplanted on a plate. Two of this structure are interlocked like as zip fastener. In present study, self-formation process of the Super Gecko structure is simulated by molecular dynamics (MD) method. The separated Super Gecko structures with distributed electric charge on the PE molecules form the zipped Super Gecko structure on oneself. The opposite electric charges cause attractive force between two separated structures. The size dependency of self-formation of Super Gecko structure is simulated.

Informal-Sector Organisations, Political Subjectivity, and Citizenship in Zimbabwe

Informal-sector organisations in Zimbabwe have emerged as important political actors, although they have not always been recognised as such. These organisations combated the marginalisation and stigmatisation of the informal sector, which has come to dominate the economy, by the government and local authorities through different forms of governmental and survival politics. In the course of this struggle and through processes of self-formation during training, networking, and collective action, organisations shaped the political subjectivities of their members as capable, independent and self-reliant citizens. The sources and notions of citizenship, however, varied and included rights-based, collectivity-based and ‘respectability’-based citizenship. The article seeks to demonstrate that by influencing their members’ political subjectivities and shaping different notions of citizenship, informal-sector organisations have played an important political role in Zimbabwe not only by facilitating their members’ political participation (as in the case of one of the organisations considered here) but also through more subtle political influences that translated into their members’ everyday politics, attitudes towards the authorities, views on economic informality and self-perception as informal-sector actors.

“To Love the Rest of His Thoughts as Myself” – Translating Mendelssohn’s Singular Bildung

Abstract The conceptual history of Bildung, the German term for self-formation, encapsulates the ethical revolution of modern German thought, associated with the Kantian moment and its aftermath. Reshaped in modernity to respond to a post-Kantian, critical sensibility, the modern term emphasizes the reflexive, active process of self-formation, in contrast with the medieval theological sensibility which emphasized the receptive imprint of the image of God. In this article, I unpack Moses Mendelsohn’s idiosyncratic notion of Bildung. I show that what is unique, indeed, singular in Mendelssohn’s notion of Bildung is the way it merges the traditional, theological notion with the modern one. For Mendelssohn, to imitate God is to come to value one’s contingent being. The imitation of the ideal, the most perfect, is tantamount to embracing the perfectible, and the process of perfection or self-actualization. Jacobi, Mendelssohn, Bildung, Contingency, Pantheism affair, Moral Perfectionism

History and the psychoanalytic foundations of the Kestenberg Movement Profile

ABSTRACT This theoretical study is part of my doctoral research on the history and development of the psychodynamic theory movement, the Kestenberg Movement Profile (KMP). This paper attempts to introduce the KMP within the historical context of its origins, the psychoanalytic circles of 1940–1980 New York outlining the main lines of influence on Kestenbreg’s work. The KMP forms a complex integrative approach of movement assessment and analysis that examines the interplay between movement development and the process of self-formation. The paper explores the theoretical foundations of the Kestenberg Movement Profile in general, concerning infl uences from Freudian drive theory and ego-psychology in particular. The paper aims to illuminate the field of scientific thought that the KMP emerged from as a psychodynamic assessment tool of movement behaviour.

The Political Nature of Aisthesis: Democracy and Inscription of Equality in Rancière’s Aesthetics

랑시에르에게 있어서 예술의 재현적 체제에서 심미적 체제로의 이행은 공통경험의 영역을 새로이 구성하는 일이었다. 그에게 프랑스 혁명 이후 민주주의의 확장이 가능했던 것은 예술의 심미적 체제가 예술의 자율성을 삶의 자기 형성 과정과 일치시키는 근대성의 원칙을 수립했기 때문이었다. 이 논문은 랑시에르의 이론의 토대인 플라톤과 아리스토텔레스의 철학적 논의를 검토하면서 랑시에르가 치안이라고 이름 붙인 상태가 그 철학자들이 자연의 상태라고 가정한 임의적 형식을 유지하려는 시도라는 사실을 확인한다. 이에 비해, 정치는 과잉의 존재들, 즉 자리를 가지지 못한 존재들의 주체화의 과정으로부터 시작된다. 이 과정을 통해 치안의 질서 체제에서 자신에게 주어지지 않았던 자리/몫을 주장할 수 있는 ‘정치적 이의’가 민주적 공동체의 생명이라고 할 평등의 가치를 유지하는 토대가 된다. 랑시에르의 심미적 체제에서 문학은 징후학이라는 이름으로 불린다. 그것은 사회의 무의식 속에 억압된 “제시 불가능한 것의 존재”를 기술함으로써 결핍을 정치의 한복판에 기입하는 역할을 떠맡는다. 문학의 징후학은 과잉의 존재들을 보이게 하고 그들의 말을 들리게 하여, 보다 완전한 평등의 상태를 수립하려는 한 사회의 의지를 시험한다. 그리고 그 존재들을 위해 정치의 한복판의 결핍 속에 “모든 존재가 말할 수 있다”라는 권리를 기입하는 일이 심미적 체제에서의 문학과 예술에 부과된 과업이다.In Rancière’s analysis, the birth of the aesthetic regime of art means the reconfiguration of the world of common experience, abolishing that of the representative regime. He holds that it made the development of democracy possible because the aesthetic regime after the time of the French Revolution rendered the autonomy of art corresponding to “life’s process of self-formation.” In this paper, Plato’s and Aristotle’s political positions in their philosophical works are analyzed, in order to confirm that the state which Rancière calls the police order tries to perpetuate the arbitrary forms of hierarchy, which the Greek philosophers assumed to derive from nature. In contrast, for Rancière, politics begins with the subjectification of the supernumerary, those who have no part in society. In this process, the political dissensus opens gaps in the homogeneous surface of the police order when the people that have no part demand their rightful part/share. It creates a new form of visibility in the common of a society. In the aesthetic regime of art, Rancière calls literature a symptomatology of society. In his definition, it takes the role of inscribing the void at the center of politics, which exposes “the presence of the unpresentable” in the society’s unconscious. Literary symptomatology makes the supernumerary visible and their voice heard, whose heterogeneity tests the integrity of a society for achieving a more perfect state of equality. The task devolved upon art and literature in the aesthetic regime is to inscribe for them the right of “everything speaks” at the center of politics.

Ambitious and Anxious

In this new publication, Syracuse University Associate Professor Yingyi Ma employs a mixed-method research design to examine and analyze the educational motivations, experiences, and trajectories of a new wave of Chinese undergraduate students from diverse family backgrounds with an emphasis on “the duality of ambition and anxiety” (p. 7). This book challenges the stereotyped expectations of Americans in regards to Chinese students (for instance, that all are from well-off families and have poor English skills). Ma argues that it is pivotal to consider the educational, social, and cultural backgrounds of Chinese internationals in their processes of self-formation in order to have a well-rounded and diverse understanding of Chinese undergraduate students

Arriving on YouTube: Vlogs, Automedia and Autoethnography

ABSTRACT Vlogging on YouTube is a process of self-formation whereby a vlogger constructs and presents their identity in relationship with the platform, technology and all of its participants. I frame vlogging as Automedia — a process of being and becoming — forged through the merging of self with networked digital media. In order to understand this process, I argue the researcher must engage in the same activity of automediality. I detail my autoethnography on YouTube — my eighteen months of vlogging — and discuss the knowledge I gained from my experience of being and doing on the site. My autoethnography highlights the skill, labour and time involved in vlogging, the relational way that identity is formed and maintained on the site, the conscious and ongoing work of narrativising the self, and the vulnerable nature of automedial identities and narratives of this kind. I conclude that autoethnography is an essential part of an automedial investigation.

Global citizenship education as bounded self-formation in contemporary higher education internationalisation projects

ABSTRACT This paper explores the progressive possibilities of global citizenship education (GCE) and higher education internationalisation in the current milieu that is defined by the interwoven dominance of globalisation, neoliberalism, and English. Since current trends augur shifts in higher education internationalisation growth to nonWestern and nonAnglophone countries, the study focuses on a university in Japan where both GCE and internationalisation are explicitly promoted. Taking an approach based in critical educational studies and guided by scholarship on contemporary citizen formation, it investigates the complex interplay of agency and structure through student self-narratives regarding their own global citizen identity development. The paper argues that over time these students (re)constructed meanings and identities around the concept of global citizenship through myriad pathways in a multidirectional feedback loop that interconnected their self-identity, feelings, aspirations/desires, imaginations, actions, and experiences. After revealing specific factors that limited and facilitated this process of self-formation, and highlighting the paramount role of imagination, the paper concludes by asserting the viability of realizing global community and global citizenship through strategically targeted educational initiatives. This work provides both pragmatic guidance and reasoned optimism for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners who champion the projects of critical global citizenship education and critical higher education internationalisation.

After Hajj: Muslim Pilgrims Refashioning Themselves

The Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj) is one of the five pillars of Islam and a duty which Muslims must perform—once in a lifetime—if they are physically and financially able to do so. In Morocco, from where thousands of pilgrims travel to Mecca every year, the Hajj often represents the culmination of years of preparation and planning, both spiritual and logistical. Pilgrims often describe their journey to Mecca as a transformative experience. Upon successfully completing the pilgrimage and returning home, pilgrims must negotiate their new status—and the expectations that come with it—within the mundane and complex reality of everyday life. There are many ambivalences and tensions to be dealt with, including managing the community expectations of piety and moral behavior. On a personal level, pilgrims struggle between staying on the right path, faithful to their pilgrimage experience, and straying from that path as a result of human imperfection and the inability to sustain the ideals inspired by pilgrimage. By ethnographically studying the everyday lives of Moroccans after their return from Mecca, this article seeks to answer the questions: how do pilgrims encounter a variety of competing expectations and demands following their pilgrimage and how are their efforts received by members of their community? How do they shape their social and religious behavior as returned pilgrims? How do they deal with the tensions between the ideals of Hajj and the realities of daily life? In short, this article scrutinizes the religious, social and personal ramifications for pilgrims after the completion of Hajj and return to their community. My research illustrates that pilgrimage contributes to a process of self-formation among pilgrims, with religious and non-religious dimensions, which continues long after Hajj is over and which operates within, and interacts with, specific social contexts.

Perspectives on Authorship and Authority

This article outlines selected shifts in thinking about authorship and authority that have occurred in literary and cultural studies in the aftermath of Roland Barthes’s proclamation of the death of the author, followed by the author’s many revivals. Reconsidering Barthes’s seminal essay and confronting it with Michel Foucault’s query about the author-function, the article comments on Seán Burke’s polemical stance concerning situated authorship. Against these general considerations, several areas in which authorship and authority have been reconceptualized are briefly discussed, referring to the themes addressed in this volume. These areas embrace the problems of representing and using somebody else’s story in visual arts and testimonial theatre, the challenges of individual and cultural situatedness of writing within one’s own output and in reference to more general cultural hauntings as well as the processes of self-formation in the interactions between a variety of texts forming life-writing.

The current state and tendencies of using rheological models for self-forming wooden structures

Wood is a natural and ecological material. Exceptional mechanical properties of wood allow it to be used in building structures subject to chemically active substances. However some changes in mechanical characteristics of wood under the influence of water and temperature, as well as its anisotropy, limit the application areas of this material. Based on the results of the research by S.P. Timoshenko, foreign scientists proposed a method that makes it possible to use these shortcomings of wood to create wooden structures of unique shapes. This article considers the self-forming process of glued layered wooden structures, which is based on various rheological processes taking place in wood. In order to predict the shape of a glued layered wooden structure obtained with the self-forming method, an accurate rheological model is required, which takes into account all wood deformation mechanisms. We analyzed the available rheological models of wood proposed or described both by Russian and foreign scientists, as well as the international experimental studies and numerical modeling results of the self-formed glued layered wooden structures. Based on the analysis results, it was found that the present rheological models do not take into account a number of factors that influence the process of self-forming of glued layered wooden structures. The rheological model, which includes a complete list of factors affecting wood deformation (elastic and plastic deformation, wood shrinkage or swelling, viscous-elastic creep deformation and mechanical and sorption deformation), is the most promising for creating unique architectural objects from glued wood. But it also has a number of shortcomings, mainly due to inconsideration of some factors and few experimental studies. Such factors include the geometric parameters of layers of the glued wooden structures, the surface treatment of layers, temperature, as well as wood species. These factors influence the process of wood shrinkage and swelling, thus the final shape of a wooden structure. It is necessary to have additional experimental and theoretical studies of the mechanical behavior of glued wooden structures which will take into account these factors, as well as to study other species of wood including their combinations.

Constitutional Alchemy

In ‘The End of Law’, Bill Scheuerman illustrates the ways normativity, context and decision interlace, putting the lie to Carl Schmitt’s claim that decision is pure will. In doing so, Scheuerman gestures toward a truth about the alchemical nature of constitutions. Like decisions, I argue, constitutions are alchemical mechanisms for actualizing norms and normativizing facts. They accomplish this in part through mediating between dynamic (individual and political) selves before and after the moment of decision or coming-into-force. Schmitt’s error – or perhaps his strategy – is to make static this dynamic process of political self-formation. Viewed as static, it is more difficult to discern the process of normativizing facts and concretizing norms. I show how contemporary populist authoritarians are particularly skilled at harnessing this strategy. Populist authoritarians often use constitutional change to consolidate not just power but constructed identity. They are able to do so because constitutions provide this strategy of dynamic identity formation, which, by generating new normative imperatives, in turn shores up legitimacy.

(Invited) Scaling of Copper Interconnection As Opposed to Alternative Conductors

Cu/low-k interconnection is facing to challenges in its extension per scaling in the 3nm node and beyond where the metal pitch is less than 32 nm. As is listed in Table.1, the difficulties lie in securing (1) Cu gap fill capability in scaled via in the dual damascene process flow due to the limited step coverage of PVD Cu seed layer, (2) Vx-Mx breakdown voltage and TDDB reliability due to scaled spacing and misalignment in lithography, (3) Electromigration reliability when the barrier/liner is scaled, (4) Low line resistance due to decreased Cu volume when the barrier/liner scaling is limited, (5) Low via resistance when the barrier/liner scaling is limited, (6) Selectivity in selective CVD deposition of cobalt capping layer which is required for electromigration reliability and (7) Low interconnect parasitic capacitance when thickness of the plasma-induced damage of the intra-layer low-k dielectric becomes comparable to the inter-metal spacing per scaling.Because of these difficulties in extension of dual damascene Cu interconnection scheme, various alternative metallization unit processes, materials (conductors and dielectrics) and schemes (alternative to dual damascene) have been investigated. These new processes and materials include both (a) those for extension of Cu technology such as Co_Cu hybrid metallization (i.e., Co for via and Cu for wires) and (b) those for entire replacement of Cu to other conductors. Basically extension of Cu interconnects is the preference in the industry rather than entire replacement to alternative conductors and/or metallization schemes, because entire replacement needs to be accompanied with alignment of all unit processes to the new metal schemes such as CMP and/or RIE of the new conductor, deposition of the conductor, wet cleaning compatible to the conductor, and nucleation/adhesion layer formation for the conductor on dielectrics, in all fine dimensions. In addition, even when fine Cu lines are replaced to alternative conductors such as Co, wide power rails need to stay with Cu for the required low line resistance (i.e., Cu_Co composite metallization).In this talk, process candidates which have potential to resolve the difficulties listed in Table 1 and enable extension of Cu interconnection scheme are reviewed such as (i) via pre-fill processes with vertical ALD of low-k dielectrics [1], (ii) plasma damage resistant low-k dielectric materials [2], (iii) Fully Aligned Via integration process [3], (iv) PVD-assisted ALD barrier formation [4, 5], (v) through cobalt self-forming barrier process barrier/liner scaling processes without loss in their integrity [1, 6 - 8], (vi) graphene capping material on top of Cu interconnects for electromigration reliability 10]. Then, the talk covers (vii) the composite metallization scheme [11] which is an enabler for the post-Cu alternative conductor metallization. Figure 1

Self in mobility: exploring the transnational in-between identity of Chinese student returnees from the UK

ABSTRACT Situated within the changing dynamics of international student mobility, this paper explores the meaning of transnational in-between identity. The empirical evidence is based on the key findings of a four-year qualitative study on Chinese students who returned from the UK after completing their university degrees. The paper argues that transnational in-between identity is a fluid and diverse process of self-formation through which agency interacts with the four key dimensions of intercultural competence, reconstruction of locality, diaspora consciousness and mixed senses of belonging. The conceptual contribution of this research is that it combines transnationalism, a theory normally confined to the field of migration studies, and the concept of in-betweenness, derived from intercultural adjustment, to investigate the identity changes experienced by student returnees.

Motivation as ethical self-formation in learning te reo Māori as a second language

ABSTRACT This article explores the motivation of non-Māori learners of te reo Māori as an L2. Inspired by calls for contextualised investigations of the L2 motivation of learners of LOTEs, our study utilises an ethical self-formation framework [Hennig, B. B. 2010a. “Language Learning and the Self: Exploring Hong Kong Students’ Motivation for Learning German as a Third Language from a Foucauldian Ethical Perspective.” Doctoral diss., University of Hong Kong. https://bibliography.lib.eduhk.hk/tc/bibs/fdb173c8] to analyse data from semi-structured interviews with 10 learners enrolled in a voluntary course of Māori language for staff at a New Zealand university. Through a discussion of findings associated with three of the framework’s axes (ethical substance, mode of subjection and telos), we offer an interpretation of the learners’ L2 motivation as linked to a self-directed process aimed at achieving an improved version of themselves, and of this process of self-formation as rooted in personal belief systems about the value of te reo Māori in their personal and professional lives and for New Zealand as a whole. Overall, the ethical self-formation framework emerges as a useful lens for highlighting the links between the learners’ L2 motivation, their personal connections with te reo Māori and their sense of membership in an ideal collective New Zealand identity, and for exploring dimensions of the convergence of the personal and the societal in L2 motivation.

An Ethnographical Approach: Female Blogosphere In Turkey

This paper is about the preliminary ethnographic fieldwork of a work-in progress conducted on the female blogging practices and the female blogosphere in Turkey, focusing specifically on how blogging reshapes women’s cultural and social environment. The study attempts to understand the role of blogging as a medium in women’s self-formation processes and explore how female bloggers construct their identities via online media representations and negotiate disclosure, fame and labor in an age of extreme self-display. Based on an anthropological approach, the study explores the spaces within which women seek “self-realization”, “publicity” and “employment opportunities” in the digital world, particularly, through the practice of blogging. Taking female blogosphere as a field, the study examines how blog production is manifested in Turkey, through the female bloggers’ struggle for hope. Preliminary research demonstrates that blogging acts as a medium of hope for many female bloggers. Given the heterogeneous nature of female blogosphere, experiencing this hope shows differences. At times, upper mobility opportunities are expected, but sometimes hope is realized to provide feelings like happiness, appreciation, self-realization and usefulness. Networking and socialization opportunities are also other motivations of bloggers. The aim of the study is to see how these women use blogging as a media practice to explain themselves in social media platforms. Thus, through the framework of hope (Hage 2004), relatability (Kanai 2019), fame and visibility notions, material formation of identities in this process, the nature of labor production in blogs as well as the construction of female subjectivities within celebrity culture will also be discussed.

Selbstgestaltung in aller Seelenruhe. Lebenskunst in Christoph Martin WielandsAristipp und einige seiner Zeitgenossen(1800/1801)

Wieland’s epistolary novel Aristipp presents a process of self-formation and self-regulation through writing and reading. The article begins by presenting the main characters’ modes of life as gender-specific paradigms for an independent life. The ancient ars vivendi is central to these modes of life in that it represents the practice of self-formation based upon the characters’ recognition of the possibilities of social influence. Wieland represents writing and reading as the key ways of training oneself in this art of living. The characters form themselves through monologue and dialogue. At the same time, the genre of the epistolary novel serves to emphasize the autopoetic dimension of speech within the process of self-creation, as well as the discursive character of that process. Thus, the characters create themselves through their self-representations and thereby reveal themselves to be fictional subjects composed of various quotations. Finally, the article outlines Wieland’s programme of self-formation and self-moderation as a counter-model to modern understandings of the subject. Since the eighteenth century, the self has tended to be conceived of as autonomous, authentic, original, and final. This concept has only come to be questioned once again in the age of late modernity, by critics who draw on techniques analogous to Wieland’s.

Private Selves as Public Property: Black Women’s Self-Making in the Contemporary Moment

The American imperial project exploits race, class, gender, and sexual differences in the name of the state. But in what ways has the transformative nature of American imperialism intervened in the public and private lives of Black women? This essay asks, What impact has the American imperial project had on Black women’s self-making throughout the twentieth century? The author draws on the autobiographical works of Black enslaved, postbellum, queer, and transgender contemporaries to show how Black women have resisted the fungibility of their bodies through processes of self-formation and self-reclamation. The author also relies on the theoretical works of critical race, queer, and feminist scholars to frame how that resistance—whether in the form of sexual freedom, reproductive choice, or independence from traditional systems of labor—represents a critical site of possibility for understanding Black women’s social and political life worlds today.

On the Record: Time and The Self as Data in Contemporary Autofiction

Contemporary autofiction is a genre that is inescapably concerned with the recording, and re-recording of the self. In Ben Lerners autofictional 10:04, for instance, time becomes centred. The protagonist of 10:04 engages with Christian Marclays 24-hour video installation The Clock, which records the passing of time as portrayed in film, and is inspired to use the data of his own life to contextualise himself within a fictional world of his own creation. In this way, autofiction and the digital landscape share the same impulses. Through apps and smart watches we monitor and measure the self sleep, health (mental and physical), productivity and re-productivity and this data then becomes used to contextualise the self within a broader narrative. Is the presentation of the data we collect through these methods inherently autofictional in nature? This article will closely consider the portrayal of time and the way in which time is recorded in autofictional texts such as 10:04. It will also take the form of creative practice, as I concern myself with the recording of my own experiences watching The Clock over several different sessions at ACMI, as well as other ways of recording my 'self' through apps and a smart watch. By examining how the 'self' is commodified as data within the genre of autofiction, and this article will argue that the desire to monitor oneself and to view life as data to be collected speaks to a broader anxiety about the way we see ourselves