Learning Process Research Articles

Comparison of Depression Levels in Early and End Preclinical Students at Pelita Harapan University

Introduction: Mental health is a crucial concern globally and in Indonesia, especially among medical students who face higher rates of depression than the general population due to academic pressure, high expectations, and social stress. Depression can negatively affect academic performance and future careers. Studies show varying results regarding depression levels between early and end preclinical students. Purpose: This study aims to compare the level of depression in early to end preclinical students at Pelita Harapan University and to see whether there is a relationship between gender and social support and the level of depression. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 333 preclinical students from the Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, in January-March 2024. The data was collected using the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 (chi-square statistical test). Results: The study found no statistically significant difference in depression levels between early and end preclinical students (p-value 0.348). There is a relationship between social support and the level of depression in preclinical students of the UPH Medical Faculty, with a (p-value of 0.001). However, no significant relationship was found between gender and the level of depression in preclinical students, with a p-value of 0.093. Conclusion: Conducted outside major metropolitan areas like Jakarta, the study offers insights into how depression manifests in different geographic and socio-economic contexts. The findings can be used as a consideration for making a faculty or university policy to improve mental health management for medical students, ensuring an effective learning process.

Preparation of an Operational Curriculum Based on Local Wisdom for Students in PAUD

Local wisdom as a cultural heritage owned by a community, including traditions, values, customs, and local knowledge that has been passed down from generation to generation. Within the scope of PAUD, local wisdom has great potential to become an integral part of the learning process, enrich children's learning experiences, and strengthen their cultural identity. This research aims to find out the preparation of an operational curriculum based on local wisdom and to find out the challenges faced in the preparation of an operational curriculum based on local wisdom in PAUD. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The results of the study show that the process of preparing the curriculum through systematic stages involves analyzing needs, formulating goals, determining the content and structure of the program, and developing learning strategies that integrate elements of local wisdom. Collaboration between the school, community leaders, and parents of students is the key in identifying and integrating relevant local wisdom in the curriculum. Conclusions and suggestions in this study are periodic training to improve teachers' understanding and skills in integrating local wisdom into learning. The Education Office should provide guidance and training for schools in developing an operational curriculum based on local wisdom.

Internalization and Application of Pancasila Student Profile Values in the Merdeka Curriculum

One of the main references of the Merdeka curriculum discusses the main key in this learning is a pleasant learning atmosphere. Of course, in terms of natural and automatic, if the learning atmosphere is pleasant, this can affect student interest and learning outcomes Thanks to an interesting learning atmosphere and a meaningful learning process, learning becomes more qualified. Freedom in the learning process in accordance with the previous learning concept, that is, learning familiar terms is fun. The learning process is fun, not just having fun of course. But more on achieving learning goals in a more enjoyable way Learning is smoother, which naturally affects students' physical and mental performance to achieve meaningful learning. All of this must be achieved based on the great contribution of the teacher and can collaborate or work with students to realize and apply everything that has been arranged in the curriculum. The direction of the Merdeka Curriculum towards Pancasila Students is the embodiment of Indonesian students as lifelong learners who have global competence and behave in accordance with Pancasila values.

Efektivitas Metode Quantum Learning dalam Mengajarkan Al-Qur'an dan Hadits kepada Murid SDN 249/Vi Rawa Jaya

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Quantum Learning method in teaching Al-Qur'an and Hadith at SDN 249/VI Rawa Jaya. The background of this research lies in the need for innovation in Islamic education to improve students' understanding, motivation, and engagement. Quantum Learning offers an interactive, creative, and enjoyable approach, making it relevant to address challenges in conventional learning, such as low student interest and difficulties in understanding the material. The study uses a quantitative descriptive method with a quasi-experimental design approach. The research subjects were students of SDN 249/VI Rawa Jaya selected purposively. Data was collected through learning outcome tests, questionnaires, observations, and documentation. A pre-test was conducted to measure students' initial abilities, while a post-test assessed the effectiveness of the Quantum Learning method. Questionnaires were distributed to gather students’ responses to the method, while observations recorded students’ activities and engagement during the learning process. The results showed a significant improvement in students' post-test scores after implementing the Quantum Learning method. The average scores of students increased significantly compared to their pre-test results. Moreover, students responded positively to the method, expressing that the learning process became more engaging, easier to understand, and enjoyable. Observations revealed that the method successfully created an interactive learning environment, where students actively participated in group discussions, educational games, and visually-based activities. Inferential analysis using the t-test demonstrated that the Quantum Learning method had a significant impact on students’ learning outcomes. The method not only enhanced students' cognitive understanding but also positively influenced their affective aspects, such as motivation and confidence in studying Al-Qur'an and Hadith. In conclusion, the Quantum Learning method is proven effective in improving students’ learning outcomes at SDN 249/VI Rawa Jaya. However, the study identified some challenges, such as limited time and the need for teacher training to optimize the method. It is recommended that schools support the implementation of this method by allocating sufficient time, providing teacher training, and developing adequate learning facilities. This research is expected to serve as a reference for developing more effective and innovative Islamic education methods at the elementary school level.

Beyond the classroom: proximity dynamics in the formation of academic bonds among university students

ABSTRACT Social interactions among students have been a subject of interest for researchers aiming to enhance the management of social and academic networks, as well as to support students’ learning process. While the literature acknowledges the overall benefits of these interactions, limited research has focused on understanding the mechanisms behind the formation of academic bonds in higher education. This study addresses this research gap by proposing a comprehensive proximity framework to explore how students build their academic relationships at university, thereby overcoming past limited or unsatisfactory approaches. By conducting an empirical study based on survey data from undergraduate students in Spain and the use of social network analysis techniques and stochastic actor-oriented models, our results reveal a multi-dimensional influence of proximity on the dynamics of students’ academic networks based on social, personal, residential, cultural and academic factors. These findings can inform interventions and strategies aimed at optimising academic support networks among university students, paving the way for further contributions in this research area.

AN INNOVATIVE INTERDISCIPLINARY INTERPRETATION OF EDUCATION’S ROLE IN SUSTAINABILITY

The concept of “education” varies across cultures and languages, with the Russian term “образование” encompassing both “education” and “formation”. This dual meaning reflects different approaches to understand education’s purpose. While education often implies the development of curiosity and a broad worldview, training is oriented toward acquiring practical, job-specific skills. These differences underscore the importance of distinguishing between the two concepts, as they serve complementary but distinct roles. Education involves not only teaching and learning but also instilling values and shaping an individual’s perspective on the world. Unlike training, which focuses on immediate applicability, education fosters a deeper understanding of systems and relationships, preparing individuals for lifelong growth. Observations of natural learning processes in animals and traditional learning techniques in human cultures highlight the value of hands-on and experiential methods, often overshadowed by contemporary practices. Despite the growing influence of technology on teaching and learning processes, the essence of education as a means of shaping worldviews remains unchanged. While students may prioritise career-oriented training, education provides a foundation for long-term personal and professional development, ultimately enriching both individual lives and society as a whole.

HyFlex Learning Ecosystem with Social Emotional Learning

The model of the HyFlex Learning Ecosystem is with social emotional learning to enhance digital emotional intelligence. The concept is based on the integration of digital learning ecosystems. HyFlex Learning and social emotional learning this research has the objective (1) To study and synthesize the conceptual framework of The HyFlex Learning Ecosystem with Social-Emotional Learning to Enhance Digital Emotional Intelligence. (2) To develop model of The HyFlex Learning Ecosystem with Social Emotional Learning to Enhance Digital Emotional Intelligence. (3) To study the suitability of The HyFlex Learning Ecosystem with Social Emotional Learning. Research hypothesis: The suitability of the model of The HyFlex Learning Ecosystem with Social Emotional Learning is at a very high level. The participants in this research include seven experts from various institutions, all of whom are specialized in the design and development of instruction models and instruction systems. The results, which are in consistence with the expectation of the researchers, show that (1) This research can serve as a guideline for developing a flexible integrated learning ecosystem that can enhance digital emotional intelligence, consisting of a 6-step social emotional learning process, integrated with the digital learning ecosystem and HyFlex Learning. (2) the overall suitability of the development to the model of the HyFlex Learning Ecosystem with Social Emotional Learning to Enhance Digital Emotional Intelligence (Overall composition) It is at a very high level (Mean = 4.98, S.D. = 0.06, IR = 0.00, Q.D. = 0.00), and (3) Overall, In conclusion, The results of the evaluation certify the suitability of using the model of HyFlex Learning Ecosystem with Social Emotional Learning to Enhance Digital Emotional Intelligence is suitable for actual use at a very high level (Mean = 4.79, S.D. = 0.57, IQR = 0.00, Q.D. = 0.00).

КОМПЛЕКСНИЙ ПІДХІД У ВИКОРИСТАННІ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-КОМУНІКАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У ПРОЦЕСІ НАУКОВОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ ЕКОЛОГІВ

On the basis of educational standard analysis and interrogation of ecology disciplines teachers from high educational establishments it is noticed the necessity to inculcate information and communication technologies in teaching and learning process of ecology disciplines. The article investigates the use of various ICT tools in the «urban ecology» subject study and teaching method that focuses on the use of ICT in the research activities of future environmental experts. The main areas of use of ICT in teaching discipline of «urban ecology» and the basic elements of electronic methodical complex of disciplines are highlighted. Examples of the use of ICT to solving practical problems and proprietary program solution are adduced.

Fostering Students' Competencies in Sustainability in Vocational Agriculture Education in Burundi: Effects of a Participatory Integrated Planning (PIP) Module

ABSTRACTDeveloping students' sustainable agriculture competencies requires the alignment of curriculum content to encompass the full complexity of the dynamics of agriculture. However, empirical evidence from sustainable agriculture research indicates that actions oriented towards fostering students' competencies are scarce. To advance understanding, this study monitored and evaluated the development of students' sustainability competencies for smallholder farming during the implementation of a Participatory Integrated Planning (PIP) module—A sustainability learning programme that elaborates on cross‐cutting issues of long‐term integrated planning, which is normally not taught. A total number of 104 students from two vocational agricultural schools (N1 = 63; N2 = 41) were involved in the PIP learning module that was implemented from April 2022 to June 2023. Survey data on the development of the students' competencies were collected at the beginning (April 2022), in‐between (December 2022) and end (June 2023) of the implementation of the PIP module. A one‐way repeated measures MANOVA test was used to evaluate the effect of the PIP module on the development of students' competencies. Findings revealed that the PIP module significantly contributed to fostering all intended competencies, including facilitator of change, leadership, innovation and creativity, planning, system thinking, stewardship, auto‐determination and interdisciplinarity. Improvement of these competencies was much higher in the earlier stage of the learning process compared to the later stage, implying that sustainability learning requires going beyond ‘business‐as‐usual’ to retain the interest of students and competencies development. Findings also revealed that competencies development levels differ depending on schools' context, implying that sustainability learning programmes should be flexible and adaptive for learning to occur in a real‐context environment. These findings have practical implications for policies related to designing and upscaling sustainability learning programmes in vocational agriculture schools.

Strategies to Face the Challenges of the Independent Curriculum in Improving the Quality of Islamic-Based Education

The educator or teacher is the main promoter of learning, some of the tasks shouldered are educating, leading, training and developing the curriculum. The purpose of educators is to create conducive learning conditions in the sense of a learning atmosphere that is fun, interesting, provides a sense of comfort and security, and provides opportunities for students to think actively, critically, creatively and innovatively while developing the ability to reason knowledge independently or independently. Students must certainly be able to organize a learning process that can at least achieve learning objectives. Strategies in improving the quality of resources and infrastructure for teaching and learning activities in schools in the form of increasing the capacity of Islamic educational institutions, the existence of institutions that carry out learning development and curriculum assessment, development and provision of learning advice / media assistance.

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION COMPETENCY DEVELOPMENT IN EDUCATION SYSTEM: MODERN STUDIES AND PROSPECTS

The article shows the results of international and Ukrainian experience on the development of information and communication competency of secondary education process participants, based on research and scientific achievements of academic staff of the Comparative Studies Department for Information and Education Innovations of the Institute of Information Technologies and Learning Tools of NAES of Ukraine. The main obstacles for school teachers towards the formation of computer-based learning process are underlined. The article justifies actuality, significance and necessity for creation, development and evaluation of the ICT competency in education, as well as it further investigation in order to make substantial recommendations on the improvement of education system.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Gadget terhadap Pembentukan Nilai Pendidikan Agama di MI Muhammadiyah Bolon

This article discusses the influence of gadget use on the formation of religious education values ​​in schools. In today's digital era, the use of gadgets by students is increasingly widespread, which can have a significant impact on the learning process, including the formation of character and religious values. This study examines the positive and negative impacts of gadget use on students' understanding and appreciation of religious values ​​taught in schools. Through a qualitative approach and data analysis from observations and interviews with students, teachers, and parents, it was found that uncontrolled gadget use can distract students from religious education materials, affect their social attitudes, and reduce the quality of their interactions in a religious context. On the other hand, with proper utilization, gadgets can be an effective tool to support religious learning, such as through access to religious education applications and relevant digital materials. This article suggests the need for stricter regulations regarding the use of gadgets at home and the importance of the role of teachers and parents in providing guidance to students to use technology wisely in the context of forming religious education values.

The Influence of Game Based Learning on Student Motivation in the Digital Era: Literature Review

This study aims to analyze the impact of Game-Based Learning (GBL) on students' learning motivation in the digital era. The research design applied is in the form of a literature review, which collects data from various relevant national and international journals. Game-Based Learning (GBL) is an innovative teaching method that integrates game elements to create interactive, enjoyable, and effective learning experiences. The results indicated that GBL enhances intrinsic motivation among students, promotes active engagement, and develops 21st-century skills such as critical thinking, collaboration, and problem-solving. Tools such as Kahoot, Educandy, and Minecraft: Education Edition have been found to create an interactive and fun learning environment. The implementation of GBL is still hampered by issues such as the lack of technological infrastructures in schools and the lack of teacher training to integrate technology and games into the learning process in Indonesia. This study argues that overcoming these challenges will, therefore, make GBL effective in enhancing the quality of Indonesian education and in preparing children to face challenges in this digital era.

Developing an E-student Worksheet Using Phenomenon-based Learning for Reaction Rate Material on Wizer.me for Class XI High School/MA

The aim of this research is to develop an E-Student Worksheet based on Phenomenon-Based Learning on Reaction Rate Material Using the Wizer.me website for Class XI Highschool/MA. The development of this E-Student worksheet was carried out because teachers have not used digital learning media and used the Phenomenon-based Learning model in their learning, especially in reaction rate materials. The Phenomenon-Based Learning approach is particularly significant for reaction rate materials because it can increase student engagement because learning is centered on real phenomena that are relevant to their lives. This development research uses the 4-D model, which consists of define, design, develop, and disseminate. However, this study was limited to the development stage. Data was collected through questionnaires, and interviews. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively, and qualitatively, guided by ideal evaluation criteria to determine the quality of the E-student worksheet. The research results show that the E-Student Worksheet that has been developed were declared valid in material validation in terms of content eligibility, characteristics of Phenomenon-Based Learning, language, presentation and graphics were 97.5%, 100%, 95%, 100% and 100% respectively. The results of media validation in terms of E-Student Worksheet display and software usage are 100% and 100%. The results of the user response test obtained a percentage score of 92.41% by chemistry teachers with very good criteria and 89.51% by students with very good criteria, which indicates that this E-student worksheet is valid and suitable for use as an alternative teaching material in the learning process, and it is hoped that this research can be continued in the next stage.

Developing Elementary Science Online Learning Content Using Schoology

The development of science and technology can make students interested in participating in the learning process so that it can increase student competence. The reality in the field is that there are still many teachers who have not used schoolology-based online learning because of a lack of information. Teachers are less creative in developing teaching materials that suit the characteristics of students. This research began when researchers discovered gaps in conditions in the field that teachers were still not using technology enough, so that learning was less varied. The aim of the research is to produce online learning content using Schoology in elementary school science learning that is practical, valid and effective to increase student competence. The research uses the ADDIE model which consists of analyze, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. This research produces online elementary science learning content using schoology. The results of the research show that based on the expert assessment of the material, language and media the learning content developed was declared valid, practical based on the responses of students and teachers, and effective in increasing students' competence.

Assessing spatially explicit long-term landscape dynamics based on automated production of land category layers from Danish late nineteenth-century topographic maps in comparison with contemporary maps

Historical topographical maps contain valuable, spatially and thematically detailed information about past landscapes. Yet, for analyses of landscape dynamics through geographical information systems, it is necessary to “unlock” this information via map processing. For two study areas in northern and central Jutland, Denmark, we apply object-based image analysis, vector GIS, colour image segmentation, and machine learning processes to produce machine-readable layers for the land use and land cover categories forest, wetland, heath, dune sand, and water bodies from topographic maps from the late nineteenth century. Obtained overall accuracy was 92.3%. A comparison with a contemporary map revealed spatially explicit landscape dynamics dominated by transitions from heath and wetland to agriculture and forest and from heath and dune sand to forest. However, dune sand was also characterised by more complex transitions to heath and dry grassland, which can be related to active prevention of sand drift but that can also be biased by different categorisations of dune sand between the historical and contemporary data. We conclude that automated production of machine-readable layers of land use and land cover categories from historical topographical maps offers a resource-efficient alternative to manual vectorisation and is particularly useful for spatially explicit assessments of long-term landscape dynamics. Our results also underline that an understanding of mapped categories in both historical and contemporary maps is critical to the interpretation of landscape dynamics.Graphical abstract

UPAYA PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN BEBICARA SISWA MELALUI PENERAPAN METODE STUDENT FACILITATOR AND EXPLAINING PADA PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA SISWA KELAS V SDN 11 CILEGON

Students lack of speaking ability is the background of this research. The goal is to improve students speaking skills through learning Indonesian by using the Student Facilitator and Explaining method. The approach used in this research is a descriptive qualitative approach to explain and explain in more detail related phenomena and examine more deeply from relevant references. Based on the observation, population of this study is 50 students in grade V of SDN 11 Cilegon. Students were more enthusiastic about learning to speak after using the method applied by the researcher, especially when explaining the picture. Thus, The implementation of the SAFAE method. method to students provides positive and significant results in the Indonesian language learning process. In conclusion, the implementation of this method in Indonesian language learning consistently improved student performance across sessions, as reflected in the increasing percentage of successful learning outcomes.

Development of PBL-Based Smart Apps Creator Media to Improve Science Learning Outcomes for Grade IV Elementary School Students

The use of interactive learning models and media that are not optimal in the science learning process has a negative impact on student learning outcomes. Therefore, a solution is needed to overcome these obstacles, so this study aims to develop, test the feasibility, and effectiveness of learning media in improving the learning outcomes of fourth grade students. The resulting learning media is a smart apps creator based on Problem Based Learning (PBL) about the state of matter and its transformation. The research methodology with Research and Development (RnD) using the ADDIE paradigm includes analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. A total of 27 fourth grade students of SD Negeri 2 Bojongsari participated in this study. The t-test showed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest results with a significance level of 0.00 meaning less than 0.05. The N-gain test shows moderate criteria with a score of 0.55 on a small scale and 0.62 on a large scale. The results of the study indicate that the smart apps creator learning media based on problem-based learning on the material of the state of matter and its changes has been successfully developed and is very feasible and effective in improving the learning outcomes of fourth grade students of SD Negeri 2 Bojongsari.

Discovering a Novel Cyan‐Light‐Emitting Thiosilicate Phosphor, Li2BaSiS4:Eu2+, via Experimental Active Learning

AbstractThere are likely numerous known and yet‐to‐be‐discovered alkaline earth (AE)‐alkali metal (A) thiosilicates, thioaluminates, and thiophosphates that can serve as suitable hosts for the Eu2+ 5d‐4f emission. These structures offer an infinite number of possible compositions, with the potential for multi‐elemental occupancy at the AE and A sites. Screening such an extensive exploratory space through conventional experimentation poses a significant challenge due to the so‐called combinatorial explosion issue. To address this challenge, an artificial intelligence, more specifically a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm within an experimental active learning framework, that enables to explore the effectively infinite search space and ultimately identify a novel, promising host structure candidate for Eu2⁺ 5d‐4f emission is employed. Starting with completely random compositions and no preset structures in the vast exploratory space, the PSO‐driven experimental active learning process converges on a single‐phase Li2BaSiS4:Eu2+ phosphor, featuring a tetragonal structure with I‐42 m symmetry (a = 6.5825 Å, c = 8.0015 Å). The Li2BaSiS4:Eu2+ phosphor exhibits cyan‐blue light emission with a peak at 480 nm, a full width at half maximum of 35 nm (1423 cm−1), and a broad excitation range from 325 to 425 nm, indicating its potential for application in light‐emitting diodes (LEDs).

The Effect of Implementation Project-Based Learning Model on Vocational Students' Machining Learning Outcomes

This study aims to analyze the improvement of the learning process, competencies achieved by students, and student learning outcomes in the implementation of the Conventional Lathe Machining Technique learning process with a sample of class XI TM 4 Mechanical Engineering Department of SMK Negeri 3 Yogyakarta through the treatment of implementing the Project-Based Learning learning model. This research uses the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method. This research will be conducted in two cycles; the first cycle will include one meeting, and the second cycle will consist of two sessions to evaluate learning to determine the learning process results. The cycle of PTK stages rotates from one cycle to the next. It begins with planning (plan), action (action), observation of the action taken, and reflection (reflection). The results showed that the quality of the learning process before being given action was only 48.33% still in the “Fair” category and the learning outcomes in pre-cycle activities the average student score was 66.51 with 18.75% classical completeness which was still relatively low. After the implementation of the project-based learning model, there was an increase in cycle I where the results of the observation of the learning process with a percentage of 75% were in the “Good” category and student learning outcomes also experienced an increase in the average student score of 78.86 with 75% classical completeness. Furthermore, in the learning process of cycle II, there was an increase with a percentage of 91.66% which was included in the “Very Good” category, and at the end of cycle II, the average score increased to 86.05 with classical completeness reaching 100%. Thus, student learning outcomes in cycle II have met the indicators set in this study, namely more than 75% of the students obtained scores above the minimum score, which is ≥ 76.00.