Orientation Problem Research Articles

Cognitive-reflexive personality development: Evaluating the impact of the chang-ing information and educational environment

Introduction. The article presents the results of a research investigation on the problem of modern individuals’ cognitive development, the mechanisms of formation of their reflexivity in modern conditions of societal information development. The aim of this study is to assess and identify the features of the impact of changing information and educational environment on cognitive processes of modern individuals, which determine transformations in the development of the mechanisms of their reflexivity based on a critical review of current research investigations. Materials and Methods. The research is based on the systematic approach, the theory of philosophy of education, and the cognitive theory of personality. The research methodology involves analysis and generalization of international and Russian scholarly works that consider the problems of information development of society, the specifics of the formation of cognitive processes in the development of education. Results. The article presents the results of the theoretical study, assessment and systematization of the impact of changing information and educational environment on cognitive-reflexive mechanisms of modern personality development. The critical review of current studies has shown that the issues of assessing and identifying the features of the impact of the changing information and educational environment on the cognitive processes of a modern personality, which determine the transformation in the development of the mechanisms of its reflexivity, are significantly updated at the present time in connection with changes in the cognitive and educational fields. It is shown that nowadays the problem of changing development orientation within the education system is significantly relevant with the focus on global transformations of social development, which entailed transformations in the higher education system, which determined the transformations not only of the university, but also the entire education system. Special attention is paid to the changes in the ontological and methodological foundations of changes taking place in modern conditions. Currently, the problems of forming critical thinking and determining personal mechanisms of reflexive cognition require a revision of theoretical foundations. As a result, the basic understanding of modern changes has been revealed: the problems of changes in the modern educational environment; the capabilities of the changing digital environment for the adequate functioning of the education system in modern conditions; the potential of the new educational environment for the formation of cognition of educational stakeholders. Conclusions. In conclusion, the authors summarise the results of the analysis of modern individuals’ cognitive development, the mechanisms of developing their reflexivity in modern conditions of changing information and educational environment.

Exploring the Intersection of Hegemonic Masculinity, Sexuality, and Addiction in Men: A Qualitative Study.

Background/Objectives: In our society, as well as in many other parts of the world, sexuality is shaped through gender-differentiated socialization. This process compels individuals to align their desires, behaviors, emotions, and thoughts with the expectations of normative sexuality, especially hegemonic heterosexuality. The primary objective of this current research was to examine the influence of hegemonic masculinity on the sexuality of men struggling with addiction. Method: This study employed a qualitative approach, specifically using conventional content analysis. To ensure research quality and transparency, the study adhered to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) and the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ). Fourteen participants from a therapeutic community for addiction treatment in Spain were selected through purposive sampling. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews, supplemented by participant observation. The sample size was determined based on the principle of data saturation. Results: The findings reveal that factors such as gender-differentiated socialization, particularly the values associated with hegemonic masculinity (e.g., the pressure to maintain constant sexual availability and sexual initiative), alongside excessive engagement with prostitution and pornography, are closely linked to substance abuse, the development of addictions, and the emergence of sexual dysfunctions in men. The study also highlights the role of challenges related to oppression rooted in heteronormativity-understood as the imposition of rigid norms governing sexual orientation and behavior-in shaping sexual problems and in the origin and maintenance of addictions in men. Conclusions: It is essential to implement an intervention strategy that promotes egalitarian masculinities within the treatment of men with addiction issues, emphasizing a biopsychosocial approach to sexuality that integrates a gender perspective. Additionally, it is crucial to incorporate gender-sensitive interventions into rehabilitation programs for both men and women, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of each group's specific needs and fostering the development of healthy, equitable relationships in the context of addiction treatment.

UAV-Based 3D-Calibration of Thermal Cameras for Bat Flight Monitoring in Large Outdoor Environments

The calibration of 3D cameras is one of the key challenges to successfully measure the nightly 3D flight tracks of bats with thermal cameras. This is relevant around wind turbines to investigate the impact wind farms have on their species. Existing 3D-calibration methods solve the problem of unknown camera position and orientation by using a reference object of known coordinates. While these methods work well for small monitoring volumes, the size of the reference objects (e.g., checkerboard patterns) limits the distance between the two cameras and therefore leads to increased calibration errors when used in large outdoor environments. To address this limitation, we propose a calibration method for tracking flying animals with thermal cameras based on UAV GPS tracks. The tracks can be scaled to the required monitoring volume and accommodate large distances between cameras, which is essential for low-resolution thermal camera setups. We tested our method at two wind farms, conducting 19 manual calibration flights with a consumer UAV, distributing GPS points from 30 to 260 m from the camera system. Using two thermal cameras with a resolution of 640 × 480 pixels and an inter-axial distance of 15 m, we achieved median 3D errors between 0.9 and 3.8 m across different flights. Our method offers the advantage of directly providing GPS coordinates and requires only two UAV flights for cross-validation of the 3D errors.

“I Definitely Would Not Be Doing Science…”, or Features of the Status Transmission in Scientific Dynasties in Russia

The article discusses the problem of value orientations in scientific dynasties of Russia in the 20th century. An interdisciplinary historical, sociological and anthropological perspective focused on a socio-historical approach was applied to the study of intergenerational interaction. Evolved on the developed classification of transmission status models in professional dynasties, the authors sought to identify the features and patterns of the choice of certain types of succession by members of the dynasties during а specified period. The following observations were made with the help of sociological data. Hence, according to the study, the reform spirit of the 1950s – 1960s corresponds to the model of active succession. The transition to a conservative model of political and economic development of the country in the Brezhnev period, and the evolution of the image of a scientist as a mass researcher lead to the spread of a passive model of professional inheritance. However, the internal patterns of mastering professional practices in academic families should be also accounted. Moreover, in the context of socio-political and economic transformations in Russia in the 1990s, subsequent generations “X” and “Y” demonstrate a full set of models for the professional status transmission, such as transprofessional mobility, active and passive models. Under conditions of “depressurization” of the scientific community, hybrid transmission models, characterized by a partial return to basic scientific values, enriched by the actualization of subjective life experience, turned out to be possible.

Enhancing Student Learning Efficiency Through Project Oriented Problem Based Learning in Renewable Energy Technology Course

Enhancing Student Learning Efficiency Through Project Oriented Problem Based Learning in Renewable Energy Technology Course

A Technology System to Help People With Intellectual Disability and Blindness Find Room Destinations During Indoor Traveling: Case Series Study.

People with severe or profound intellectual disability and visual impairment tend to have serious problems in orientation and mobility and need assistance for their indoor traveling. The use of technology solutions may be critically important to help them curb those problems and achieve a level of independence. This study aimed to assess a new technology system to help people with severe to profound intellectual disability and blindness find room destinations during indoor traveling. A total of 7 adults were included in the study. The technology system entailed a barcode reader, a series of barcodes marking the room entrances, a smartphone, and a special app that controlled the presentation of different messages (instructions) for the participants. The messages varied depending on whether the participants were (1) in an area between room entrances, (2) in correspondence with a room entrance to bypass, or (3) in correspondence with a room entrance representing the destination to enter. The intervention with the technology system was implemented according to a nonconcurrent multiple baseline design across participants. Sessions included 7 traveling trials, in each of which the participants were to reach and enter a specific room (1 of the 7 or 9 available) to deliver an object they had carried (transported) during their traveling. The participants' mean frequency of traveling trials completed correctly was between zero and 2 per session during the baseline (without the system). Their mean frequency increased to between about 6 and nearly 7 per session during the intervention (with the system). The findings suggest that the new technology system might be a useful support tool for people with severe to profound intellectual disability and blindness.

The Problem of Axiological Orientation of Personality in the Cultural Space

The Problem of Axiological Orientation of Personality in the Cultural Space

Overcoming the preferred-orientation problem in cryo-EM with self-supervised deep learning.

While advances in single-particle cryo-EM have enabled the structural determination of macromolecular complexes at atomic resolution, particle orientation bias (the 'preferred' orientation problem) remains a complication for most specimens. Existing solutions have relied on biochemical and physical strategies applied to the specimen and are often complex and challenging. Here, we develop spIsoNet, an end-to-end self-supervised deep learning-based software to address map anisotropy and particle misalignment caused by the preferred-orientation problem. Using preferred-orientation views to recover molecular information in under-sampled views, spIsoNet improves both angular isotropy and particle alignment accuracy during 3D reconstruction. We demonstrate spIsoNet's ability to generate near-isotropic reconstructions from representative biological systems with limited views, including ribosomes, β-galactosidases and a previously intractable hemagglutinin trimer dataset. spIsoNet can also be generalized to improve map isotropy and particle alignment of preferentially oriented molecules in subtomogram averaging. Therefore, without additional specimen-preparation procedures, spIsoNet provides a general computational solution to the preferred-orientation problem.

Modified TRIAD Method for Solving the Problem of a Moving Object Orientation

Currently, it is relevant to create moving objects orientation systems based on the integration of various types of primary information sensors. One way to solve the orientation problem is to use the TRIAD (Tri-Axial Orientation Determination) method which allows determining the matrix of direction cosines between two coordinates. The traditional TRIAD force method is based on the use of two reference vectors – of gravitational and geomagnetic fields, measured by accelerometers and magnetometers, respectively. The disadvantage of this method is – appearance of additional deviations during the accelerated movement of the object and influence of primary information sensors’ random errors. Modified TRIAD method which is based on measurements of three triads of sensors: magnetometers, accelerometers and gyroscopes was proposed in the article. Estimates of acceleration vectors of gravitational and geomagnetic fields were calculated taking into account gyroscope measurements. Then these estimates were combined with the accelerometers’ and magnetometers’ data. The complex gravitational and geomagnetic fields’ accelerations were used to form the direction cosine matrix by the TRIAD method. The suggested modified method can be used to implement free-form moving objects’ orientation systems, since it is 6–8 times more accurate compared to the classic TRIAD method. Attenuation of random sensor errors and disturbances due to object acceleration can be adjusted by use of weigh factors.

The problem of value orientations in the teaching process

The problem of value orientations in the teaching process

Effective use of the tools of probability theory and mathematical statistics in solving the problems of the professional orientation of physicists and mathematicians: an interdisciplinary approach

ABSTRACT The use of methods of mathematical statistics for teaching students carries the task of determining mathematical abilities, formalizing the choice of a professional orientation and the potential choice of solutions. In higher education, the use of the mathematical apparatus allows students to form the ability to multiple choice and assess the conditions of the choice. These include not only the choice of training courses, but also the areas of knowledge in which each student can fulfil themself. For mathematicians, this is especially true, since in most cases mathematics is used to solve purely applied problems. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that the methods and tools of probability theory cannot be applied exclusively on an individual level. To determine the effectiveness of the methods used, it is necessary to determine the possibilities of group application of the used methodological apparatus and identify areas of assistance to the student in choosing a professional orientation. In terms of the use of ubiquitous distance education, the authors demonstrate the possibility of group work with mathematical support through the use of clusters and network techniques, when each individual is the host of the training programme.

Frequency dependence of reflections on radar landmarks

Purpose. Reducing the dispersion of radar reflections from local objects, with multi-frequency sensing, to solve the problem of orientation by radar reflections from objects. Methodology. Reflections from local objects in the entire frequency range of the radar station (RS) at the same radio engineering position were measured by three independent radars of the same type on different days and at different antenna elevations. The deviation of the radar stations in the position did not exceed 500 meters. Coordinates (azimuth, range) of reflections of several separate local objects were allocated for each radar. The average values of reflections from local objects and their dispersion in the frequency range were calculated. Using various algorithms, individual frequencies were sampled and the reflected signals were averaged at these frequencies. The decrease in the dispersion of the reflected signal from the number of frequencies at which reflections were measured and from the algorithm for selecting these frequencies was investigated. Findings. Averaging the values of reflections from local objects for several frequencies leads to a decrease in dispersion and, as a result, to a more accurate correspondence of the reflected signal level to the geometric size of the local object. The variance decreases most rapidly for a small number of frequencies selected for averaging when selecting frequencies located in an interval of at least 1% relative to each other. Originality. To solve the problem of orientation based on radar reflections from local objects, it is necessary to identify the landmarks selected on a digital terrain model. Due to the fact that local objects (hills) are a collection of many reflectors falling into the allowed volume of the radar, with different levels of reflections and random phases, there may not be radar reflection from a local object at a certain frequency, or it may be very small. In order to unambiguously identify all landmarks, measurements must be carried out at several frequencies. The work has established how many frequencies measurements should be performed at and on what principle these frequencies should be selected. Practical value. The advent of digital terrain models made it possible to solve the problem of terrain orientation by comparing radar reflections from local objects with reflection models based on digital terrain maps. Radar reflection models use mathematical expectations of reflection values, unlike real reflections, which have random deviations in signal levels depending on the operating frequency. Reducing the variance of these deviations increases the accuracy of identifying characteristic local objects (landmarks) used to orient the radar in the absence of data from satellite navigation systems.

The effect of listening to the voice recording of relatives on chest pain, anxiety and depression in patients hospitalized in the coronary intensive care unit: A randomized controlled trial.

After acute myocardial infarction, the prevalence of anxiety and depression is quite high in patients because of severe chest pain, distance from relatives, unfamiliar environment and orientation problems. To assess the effect of listening to the voice recordings of relatives of patients with acute myocardial infarction who were treated in the coronary intensive care unit (ICU) on chest pain, anxiety and depression parameters of the patients. In the study, which was conducted as a randomized controlled trial, voice recordings of the family members of the patients were created and played to the patients through a music pillow. The study was carried out with 60 patients, 30 experimental and 30 control groups. Three tests were applied to the patients 15 min before, and 15 and 30 min after the application. The data of the study were collected using the Patient Introduction Form, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Visual Analogue Scale and Patient Follow-up Form. It was found that there was a significant decrease in the anxiety level of the patients in the intervention group after listening to the audio recording (p < .001, 95% CI: -3.796; -0.070). However, there was no significant difference between the pain and depression scores of the control and intervention groups (p > .05). In the ICUs of patients with acute myocardial infarction, it may be recommended to play audio recordings of their relatives to reduce the severity of anxiety. In the intensive care setting, the use of voice recordings of relatives can be used as an effective, non-pharmacological intervention to reduce anxiety in patients with acute myocardial infarction. This approach may potentially improve overall recovery by reducing patient anxiety in the intensive care setting.

Problems of Value Orientation of Contemporary College Students and Countermeasures

Values, in fact, is the process of cultivating one’s own mind to correctly view money, fame, gain and loss. It serves as the core of human spiritual field and influences human values and behavioural patterns. Contemporary college students are a generation of attention, they have certain knowledge and ability, with the expressive desire of exploration and research. Among the values of college students, values influence all aspects. Therefore, under the condition of socialist market economy constantly tends to improve, the main work of colleges and universities is to deeply understand the current situation of college students’ values, and timely and effectively strengthen the ideological and moral education of college students, in order to cultivate talents and qualified citizens who can be used by the society.

Understanding gait alterations: trunk flexion and its effects on walking neuromechanics.

Evolutionary and functional adaptations of morphology and postural tone of the spine and trunk are intrinsically shaped by the field of gravity in which humans move. Gravity also significantly impacts the timing and levels of neuromuscular activation, particularly in foot-support interactions. During step-to-step transitions, the centre of mass velocity must be redirected from downwards to upwards. When walking upright, this redirection is initiated by the trailing leg, propelling the body forward and upward before foot contact of the leading leg, defined as an anticipated transition. In this study, we investigated the neuromechanical adjustments when walking with a bent posture. Twenty adults walked on an instrumented treadmill at 4 km h-1 under normal (upright) conditions and with varying degrees of anterior trunk flexion (10, 20, 30 and 40deg). We recorded lower-limb kinematics, ground reaction forces under each foot, and the electromyography activity of five lower-limb muscles. Our findings indicate that with increasing trunk flexion, there is a lack of these anticipatory step-to-step transitions, and the leading limb performs the redirection after the ground collision. Surprisingly, attenuating distal extensor muscle activity at the end of stance is one of the main impacts of trunk flexion. Our observations may help us to understand the physiological mechanisms and biomechanical regulations underlying our tendency towards an upright posture, as well as possible motor control disturbances in some diseases associated with trunk orientation problems.

DYNAMIC MODEL OF VECTOR MOTION AND ITS APPLICATION IN SPACECRAFT UNIAXIAL ORIENTATION PROBLEMS

The object of study is the spacecraft attitude control system. The subject of the study is the quaternion dynamic equation of motion of an arbitrary normalized vector and methods for constructing on its basis algorithms to control the spacecraft’s uniaxial orientation. In this work, a new dynamic model of vector motion in a body-fixed frame is obtained, its properties are investigated, and methods for solving uniaxial orientation problems using this model are considered. This model application significantly simplifies the synthesis control task, which, in this case, is reduced to control synthesis for a system that is a set of second-order integrating links. In many cases, the synthesis problem has an analytical solution for such systems. The resulting control algorithms are much simpler to imple- ment than the ones obtained using the traditional model. The results of numerical simulation, which confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, are presented.

A comparison of recent optimization algorithms for build orientation problems in additive manufacturing

Abstract Build orientation in additive manufacturing technology is a pre-process application that affects many parameters, such as the volume of the support structure, part quality, build time, and cost. Determining the optimum build orientation for one or more objectives for complex parts is an error-prone puzzle. This study evaluates the behavior of cuckoo search algorithm, differential evolution, firefly algorithm, genetic algorithm, gray wolf optimizer, Harris hawks optimization, jaya algorithm, moth flame optimizer, multi-verse optimizer, particle swarm optimization, A Sine cosine algorithm, salp swarm algorithm, and whale optimization algorithm to determine the optimum build orientation of the component to be manufactured additively. The efficiency of these algorithms is evaluated on the build orientation problem of two complex components considering undercut area and build height as objective functions. Thus, the feasibility of these algorithms for real-world additive manufacturing problems is revealed. According to results obtained from the extensive analysis, the cuckoo search algorithm is the best alternative for minimizing undercut area, considering its robustness. However, the required time to solve the problem is as much as almost twice that of other algorithms. The firefly algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm are the best alternatives for minimizing build height.

&lt;b&gt;ANALISIS ORIENTASI PASIEN RAWAT JALAN MELALUI PENDEKATAN &lt;i&gt;WAYFINDING&lt;/i&gt; DI RUMAH SAKIT DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE&lt;i&gt; SPACE SYNTAX &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;

Analysis of Outpatient Orientation Through Wayfinding Approaches in Hospital Using the Space Syntax Method. The use of wayfinding in hospitals play a crucial role in guiding outpatient orientation. This study aims to assess and evaluate outpatient orientation through the wayfinding approach. It employs a descriptive quantitative method, collecting data through observation and questionnaires filled out by 102 respondents. The data are analyzed using SPSS software to measure patients understanding of orientation in the outpatient area. Additionally, the space syntax method is utilized to analyze two issue regarding spatial legibility in the outpatient area. First orientation and second, the use of wayfinding to enhance effectiveness. Space syntax analysis, conducted using the depthmapX software, aims to identify area causing orientation problems and area with wayfinding issue. The research finding indicate that orientation outpatient capability in the hospital installation exhibits a good level of familiarity, thereby facilitating patient orientation and navigation. However the space syantax results contrasting findings, indicating area that are diffuclt to perceive both visually and in term of distance to rooms, as well as area that serve as activity magnets for patient in the outpatient. Despite patients relatively high understanding of orientation, there are still deficiencies in the use of directional cues. This study provides an evaluation and recommendations to enchance the effectiveness of wayfinding in hospital.

Theoretical and methodological foundations of the organization of sports selection of Spanish football players

In the final match of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, which was held on the fields of the Republic of South Africa (South Africa), the Spanish national team defeated the national team of the Netherlands and became the world champion for the first time in its history. The basis of the Spanish championship team was made up of pupils of the world-famous Barcelona football academy "La Masia". The football academy of the Spanish-Catalan "Barcelona" with the name "La Masia" was founded in 1979, but received real recognition in the 90s of the twentieth century. At that time, the main professional team of the Barcelona football club as a head coach was headed by the Dutchman Johan Cruyff. It was the "Flying Dutchman", as the three-time Ballon d'Or winner was then called the best player in Europe, who introduced a systematic approach and a general educational methodology for educating young people into the activities of the Barcelona academy. The purpose of the study is to determine the features of the organization, conduct and scientific and methodological support of the process of teaching the game and sports selection and game orientation of football players in Spain. The study of the phenomenon of Spanish football as a successful long-term sports project is an important aspect of a systematic approach to solving the problems of sports selection and game orientation of football players in Ukraine.

Online Handwriting Recognition Method with a Non-Inertial Reference Frame Based on the Measurement of Linear Accelerations and Differential Geometry: An Alternative to Quaternions.

This work describes a mathematical model for handwriting devices without a specific reference surface (SRS). The research was carried out on two hypotheses: the first considers possible circular segments that could be made during execution for the reconstruction of the trace, and the second is the combination of lines and circles. The proposed system has no flat reference surface, since the sensor is inside the pencil that describes the trace, not on the surface as in tablets or cell phones. An inertial sensor was used for the measurements, in this case, a commercial Micro-Electro Mechanical sensor of linear acceleration. The tracking device is an IMU sensor and a processing card that allows inertial measurements of the pen during on-the-fly tracing. It is essential to highlight that the system has a non-inertial reference frame. Comparing the two proposed models shows that it is possible to construct shapes from curved lines and that the patterns obtained are similar to what is recognized; this method provides an alternative to quaternion calculus for poorly specified orientation problems.