Problem-solving Strategies Research Articles

Metacognitive reading strategies: gender, locality, and age differences among secondary school students

This study ascertained the influence of gender, locality and age on metacognitive reading strategies of secondary school students. The sample size consists of 440 students randomly selected from 23 secondary schools. An adopted questionnaire tagged “metacognitive reading strategies questionnaire,” was used as the data gathering instrument, with a logical validity of 0.88 and Cronbach alpha of 0.73 as internal consistency. The data collected were analysed statistically using descriptive statistics and t-tests. Data analysis revealed that females' reading strategies outnumber males'; females' global strategies ranked highest, while females' problem-solving strategies ranked lowest; and students in urban secondary schools tended to utilise metacognitive reading strategies more frequently than their rural counterparts. This study also shows that students with higher age brackets make more use of metacognitive reading strategies than lower-age students. Therefore, it is recommended that educators should be prepared to educate students how to effectively utilise various components of metacognitive reading strategies.

Evaluation of Questions in Middle School Mathematics Textbooks in Terms of Problem Solving Strategies

Purpose: This study aims to analyze solved problems in mathematics textbooks, focusing on both general and specific problem-solving strategies. By conducting a detailed analysis of each general strategy, the study seeks to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the problem-solving approaches presented in the textbooks. Design/Methodology/Approach: The document analysis method was utilized in this study. Solved problems from the mathematics textbooks published by the Ministry of National Education (MoNE) for 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th grades during the 2023-2024 academic year were examined. Data were collected using the “Solved Problems Checklist” and “Problem-Solving Strategies Determination Form” developed by Hatay (2020). A qualitative descriptive analysis method was employed to analyze the data, with percentage and frequency values calculated to present the findings. Findings: The analysis revealed that the stages of planning and implementing a solution plan were prominently featured in the middle school mathematics textbooks. Specifically, the initial stage of understanding the problem often included visual aids such as figures, diagrams, tables, and pictures. In the planning phase, the predominant solutions involved discussions of mathematical operations. Highlights: The study’s findings indicate that while problem-solving strategies are generally emphasized in mathematics education, certain steps, such as solution evaluation, are given greater focus. Additionally, the research highlights a significant gap in the inclusion of the problem-posing stage, the final step of general problem-solving strategies, in the analyzed mathematics textbooks.

The Problems and Solutions of Enterprise Financial Management in the Perspective of Digital Economy

From the perspective of the digital economy, enterprise financial management is facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities. Traditional financial management models are no longer suited to current development needs. Fine-tuning financial management is essential to support the modernization of enterprises, guard against operational risks, and promote coordination across the entire value chain for greater economic efficiency. With the help of digital technology, data-driven, highly interconnected, and intelligent decision-making processes are becoming more prominent, profoundly transforming the operational and financial management models of enterprises. This enables financial management to keep pace with modern developments. In light of this, the paper explores the connotations and mechanisms of the digital economy and enterprise financial management, clarifies relevant conceptual characteristics, and identifies problems in financial management under the digital economy. It also offers strategies for optimization and problem-solving, with the aim of providing valuable insights for educators and practitioners.

Feasibility and Acceptability of a Self-Guided Digital Family Skills Management Intervention for Children Newly Diagnosed With Type 1 Diabetes: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Family dynamics play an important role in determining the glycemic outcomes of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children. The time interval immediately following T1D diagnosis is particularly stressful for families, and interventions to support families in adjusting their family practices to support adjustment to and management of T1D in the months following diagnosis may improve glycemic outcomes. Self-guided digital interventions offer a sustainable model for interventions to support caregivers in learning evidence-based family management skills for adjustment to and management of T1D. We hypothesized that a self-guided, web-based, family skills management program (addressing caregiver social support as well as family problem-solving, communication, and supportive behavior change strategies) initiated at the time of T1D diagnosis would improve glycemic outcomes in children with T1D. In this study, we report on the feasibility and acceptability of this program. We prospectively evaluated a sample of 37 children newly diagnosed with T1D recruited from a pediatric endocrinology clinic. Parent participants were asked to complete web-based modules addressing social support, family problem-solving, communication, and supportive behavior change strategies. Module completion was analyzed for percentage completion, patterns of completion, and differences in completion rates by coparenting status. Qualitative open-ended feedback was collected at the completion of each module. A total of 31 (84%) of the 37 participants initiated the web-based program. Of those 31 participants, 25 (81%) completed some content and 15 (48%) completed all 5 modules. Completion rates were higher when coparenting partners engaged in the intervention together (P=.04). Of the 18 participants given a choice about the spacing of content delivery, 15 (83%) chose to have all sessions delivered at once and 3 (17%) chose to space sessions out at 2-week intervals. Qualitative feedback supported the acceptability of the program for delivery soon after T1D diagnosis. Families reported on positive benefits, including requesting future access to the program and describing helpful changes in personal or family processes for managing T1D. In this study, we found that a self-guided digital family support intervention initiated at the time of a child's T1D diagnosis was largely feasible and acceptable. Overall, rates of participation and module completion were similar to or higher than other self-guided digital prevention interventions for mental and physical health outcomes. Self-guided digital programs addressing family management skills may help prevent challenges common with T1D management and can decrease cost, increase access, and add flexibility compared to traditional interventions. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03720912; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03720912.

Asylum-seeker women: Coping strategies and mental wellbeing.

Asylum seekers in Australia are subjected to various punitive measures that can affect their psychological wellbeing. The capacity of asylum seekers to adapt and cultivate effective coping strategies can enhance their resilience, facilitate their settlement processes and promote their overall mental health. This study aims to explore the coping strategies employed by women who are asylum-seekersthat have the potential to enhance their resilience post migration. A semi-structured qualitative study was conducted with asylum-seeker women from Iran. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic analysis. Seventeen participants described their experiences of applying various strategies to enhance their coping ability, resilience and maintain their mental wellbeing when facing ongoing challenges. Problem-solving strategies included social engagement, adjusting life plans and seeking support from formal and informal resources. Emotion-focussed strategies were positive thinking and maintaining hope, avoidance and spirituality. While emotion-focussed strategies enabled the women to manage their stresses temporarily, problem-solving strategies allowed them to effectively address the challenges they faced after migration. Providing supportive resources for asylum seekers, removing stigma and developing community ties may assist individuals in improving their coping skills, resilience and mental wellbeing.

Intellectual Capital and Company Performance with Innovation as Mediation Variables

This study aims to examine the correlation between intellectual capital, innovation, and corporate performance in micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) located in East Java, Indonesia. The proxy for each variable uses a Likert scale measurement by distributing questionnaires to MSME actors. The research sample consisted of 125 MSME actors who completed a returned questionnaire, whereas the study population consisted of 500 MSME company players. The PLS 3 software program is used in the quantitative descriptive data analysis technique. The findings demonstrated that innovation has a major impact on business success and that intellectual capital has a considerable impact on both. Additionally, innovation mediates the relationship between intellectual capital and business performance. Increased innovation will eventually lead to improved company performance if the intellectual capital developed by MSME business actors is more focused on innovation. Specifically the speed and quality of innovation, such as creating new and high-quality products, high-quality services, and problem-solving strategies that are also more accurate than those of other companies. This research contributes to the implications of intellectual capital in the business world which can be carried out early on, in the sense that even though companies are on a micro scale, MSME business actors can manage intellectual capital well in creating company performance. Keywords: intellectual capital, innovation, company performance, MSMEs

Level of Coping Mechanisms of Parents of Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) stands as a formidable neurodevelopmental challenge, exerting profound impacts on a child’s academic, social, and familial spheres. Parents of children grappling with ADHD find themselves immersed in a multifaceted struggle, not only contending with the day-to-day management of their child’s symptoms but also grappling with societal preconceptions surrounding the disorder. Thus, this study aimed to determine the level of coping mechanisms of parents of children with ADHD in private schools in a highly urbanized city in Central Philippines for the School Year 2023-2024. This study used a descriptive research design. This study used the validated and trial-tested self-made questionnaire to gather data from the thirty-three parents of children with ADHD. The instrument yielded a validity index of 4.51 and a reliability index of 0.845. The coping mechanisms covered three areas: Emotion-focused, problem-focused, and avoidance-focused strategies. Overall, the level of coping mechanisms of parents was high. Subsequent analysis indicated no significant difference in the level of coping mechanisms of parents of children with ADHD. The study underscores the importance of comprehensive support programs for parents of children with ADHD. These programs should go beyond addressing behavioral issues and incorporate emotional well-being and problem-solving strategies. Through workshops or support groups, parents could learn relaxation techniques to manage stress, communication strategies to foster positive interactions, and positive behavior management techniques. By equipping parents with a diverse range of coping mechanisms, they become empowered to effectively navigate the challenges of ADHD and create a nurturing and supportive environment for their child’s overall development. Keywords: Coping Mechanisms, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD, Parents

PYDA—A Python Dashboard for Easy and Customizable Visualization and Fitting of Biophysical Data

ABSTRACT Research-integrating teaching offers a collective approach to engage students and researchers in real research questions, introducing them to authentic problem-solving strategies. In experimental research-integrating teaching, various different data are acquired and often analyzed by using specialized software programs. However, learning to operate these programs can sometimes divert attention from the research itself. To keep the focus on the research, we have developed a Python-based dashboard (PYDA) and implemented it successfully in a research-integrating course on intrinsically disordered proteins. PYDA simplifies data analysis by handling experimental data from techniques such as liquid chromatography, far-ultraviolet circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectroscopy in a unified way. Developed in Python by using the Plotly Dash framework and hosted on Heroku, PYDA allows students to visualize, convert, and analyze data without extensive prior knowledge of Python. By providing a streamlined, flexible, and customizable solution, PYDA enables students to focus on research and hypothesis development, fostering digitally competent and inquiry-driven problem solvers. PYDA is supplied with a set of example files that allows the user to test the program. These files can be accessed as the last item in the dropdown menu.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Katolik dengan Metode Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada Materi Aku Mengembangkan Diri Bersama Orang Lain Kelas IV Fase B pada SD Negeri 15 Buntumauli

This research aims to improve the learning outcomes of Catholic Religious Education by implementing the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) method in the lesson "I Develop Myself Together with Others" for fourth-grade students in Phase B at SD Negeri 15 Buntumauli. The PBL method is a student-centered approach that emphasizes problem-solving of real-life issues relevant to the subject matter. This method promotes critical thinking, creativity, and collaboration among students, which are essential skills in modern education. Through this method, students are encouraged to be more active in their learning process, exploring problems, discussing solutions, and working together in groups to solve them. The research was conducted over two cycles, with each cycle consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data were collected through observation, written tests, and documentation. The focus of the observation was on student activity during the learning process, their participation in discussions, and how well they were able to develop problem-solving strategies in group work. Learning tests were administered to measure the students' understanding of the material before and after applying the PBL method. The results showed a significant increase in students' learning outcomes after the introduction of the PBL method. There was a notable improvement in their understanding of the material, particularly in relation to personal development and social interaction. Students were more engaged and motivated during the lessons, displaying greater responsibility and independence in their learning. They also demonstrated stronger teamwork and communication skills. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the PBL method is an effective tool for enhancing the quality of Catholic Religious Education, specifically in topics related to self-development and cooperation with others. This method encourages students to think critically, solve problems creatively, and collaborate with their peers.

Exploring factors affecting nurse anxiety in Northwest Ethiopia: a multicenter study.

Anxiety is a commonly reported mental health disorder that significantly contributes to the global burden of disease. However, proper counseling, problem-solving strategies, and promotion of healthy lifestyle practices have a positive effect on reducing nurse anxiety, but there is limited evidence in Ethiopia, particularly in this study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and identify factors affecting nurse anxiety in Northwest Ethiopia's comprehensive specialized hospitals. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 746 study participants from April 14 to May 20, 2023.A simple random sampling technique was used. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used. Data were entered into EpiData version 4.6.0 and exported to STATA version 17 for analysis. In binary logistic regression, variables with a p-value of less than 0.25 were considered candidates for multivariable logistic regression. An association was declared at a p-value of less than 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval. In this study, the prevalence of anxiety was 33.9%. Thus, being female [adjusted odds ratios (AOR) = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.08, 2.22], working in an emergency department (AOR = 3.65, 95% CI = 1.83, 7.28), working night duty shifts (AOR = 3.12, 95% CI = 2.19, 4.46), having conflict with coworkers (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.14, 2.51), and having poor social support (AOR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.23, 3.69) were variables significantly associated with anxiety. This study revealed that one-third of nurses experienced anxiety, which is a critical indicator of mental health within this population. Important factors that were found to be significantly associated with anxiety include being female, working in the emergency department, having a conflict with coworkers, having poor social support, and working night duty shifts. These findings show the need for the implementation of counseling services and the adaptation of effective coping strategies for nurses working at comprehensive specialized hospitals. Understanding the impact of anxiety on nurses is important to design interventions aimed at improving their mental health and job satisfaction.

Listening to Teachers’ Feedback on How INSIGHTS Into Children’s Temperament Transforms Classroom Management Approaches

INSIGHTS is an evidence-based, comprehensive intervention that enhances the social-emotional development and academic learning of young children (aged 3–8 years) and their parents’ and teachers’ behaviour management skills. Children also learn problem-solving strategies to resolve dilemmas with parents, teachers, and peers. Qualitative interviews were conducted to explore teachers’ views on how INSIGHTS into Children’s Temperament transformed their classroom management approaches. The programme is underpinned by theoretical frameworks for temperament-based intervention: Goodness of Fit Model (2), which purports that the environment should be adjusted to align with the temperament of a child; and social learning theory. Both frameworks offer theoretical explanations on how the environment interacts with children’s temperament.

중학교 수학 교과의 협력적 문제해결을 위한 수업 모형 개발

The purpose of this study is to develop a teaching model of a school mathematics that utilizes meta-affect to help middle school students develop collaborative problem solving skills in mathematics. To this end, a collaborative mathematics learning program based on student-student interaction in mathematics, including a teaching and learning model, a mathematics diary for self-reporting on meta-affect and metacognition, and a letter: writing form for students to write to themselves and their teachers. As a developmental study, this study developed a mathematics teaching model so that mata-affect could be added to the metacognition that had been used for reflective thinking activities in existing research and conducted a case study of applying the CPS-M lesson program to 10 first-year middle school students in cities D and G to confirm its applicability in the field. Based on the analysis of class videos, students' math diaries, and teachers' observation evaluation etc., during the collaborative problem solving process, students used mata-affect to become aware of and control their emotions in the process of understanding and sharing the meaning of the problem and sharing problem solving strategies. In particular, as a result of the pre-post test on meta-affect, students' grades increased in awareness of affect and emotional control among the detailed factors of meta-affect.

The Effectiveness of Practical Training in Social Work on Improving the Skills of University Students

The purpose of this research was to determine whether or not social work students' communication, problem-solving, critical-thinking, teamwork, and professional abilities were enhanced by practical training. Additionally, it aimed to compare these abilities across students at Jordan's Al-Zaytoonah University and those at Al-Balqa Applied University. One hundred twenty male and female students from two Jordanian universities—Al-Zaytoonah and Al-Balqa Applied University—made up the study's sample. Mathematical means and standard deviations were utilized to analyze the findings of a questionnaire that assessed the various skills. The results demonstrated that students at Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan had better practical communication skills on average, with an average score of 4.567 (±0.398) on the "Communicating Clearly" ability test, compared to 4.123 (±0.462) at Al-Balqa Applied University. The average score for problem-solving strategies applied by students at Al-Zaytoonah University was 4.678 (±0.481), whereas the average score for students at Al-Balqa University was 4.234 (±0.532). In the paragraph "Working effectively within teams," students from Al-Zaytoonah University had an average score of 4.567 (±0.463) while students from Al-Balqa University had an average score of 4.123 (±0.484). As for professional skills, the results demonstrated that students at Al-Zaytoonah University outperformed their counterparts at Al-Balqa Applied University. The former had an average skill of "Applying academic knowledge" of 4.567 (±0.420), while the latter had 4.123 (±0.472).

Implementing and Evaluating a Mobile Phone-Supported and Family-Centered Rehabilitation Program for People With Stroke in Uganda (F@ce 2.0): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Stroke is a global societal challenge. Annually, 13 million people experience stroke, and the prevalence of stroke is increasing in low-income countries; hence, accessible rehabilitation needs to be developed. Information and communication technology can help by providing access to rehabilitation support through information, self-evaluation, and self-management of rehabilitation. The F@ce 2.0 rehabilitation program provides support in goal-setting and problem-solving strategies through phone calls from the interventionist twice a week and daily SMS text message reminders over 8 weeks to improve performance in valued activities in everyday life. Our hypothesis is that F@ce 2.0 will increase functioning in daily activities and participation in everyday life as well as improve performance and satisfaction in valued daily activities and self-efficacy (ie, confidence in own ability to perform activities) among people living with the consequences of stroke. This study aims to implement F@ce 2.0, a mobile phone-supported and family-centered rehabilitation program, and evaluate its effects on performance in daily activities and participation in everyday life in comparison to ordinary rehabilitation among persons with stroke and their family members in Uganda. An additional aim is to explore experiences of participating in F@ce 2.0 and plausible mechanisms of impact that might explain the potential effects of F@ce 2.0. A randomized controlled trial will be conducted to compare the outcomes of the F@ce 2.0 group and a control group receiving ordinary rehabilitation. Health care professionals will recruit 90 clients from both urban and rural areas. The primary outcomes for persons with stroke are perceived performance in daily activities assessed using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and self-efficacy assessed using the Self-Efficacy Scale; for family members, the primary outcome is caregiver burden evaluated using the Caregiver Burden Scale. Descriptive statistics will be used to present characteristics and outcomes at 3 and 6 months. All statistical analyses comparing the outcomes at the different time points between the F@ce 2.0 and control groups will be performed using intention-to-treat analysis. Qualitative interviews will be used to explore the experiences of persons with stroke and their family members participating in F@ce 2.0, using a grounded theory approach to data collection and analysis. A process evaluation will be conducted using a single-case study design with mixed methods to explore the implementation process. Recruitment and data collection in the randomized controlled trial were initiated in January 2022 and have been completed. The intervention has been provided to 51 participants in the intervention group. Interviews of persons with stroke, family members, and health care professionals have been conducted. Data analysis will be performed during autumn 2024 and spring 2025. This study will provide evidence of the plausible effects of F@ce 2.0 and the process of implementing the program in low-income countries. DERR1-10.2196/60955.

Psychosocial challenges and coping strategies of bully-victims among students in Kwara state, Nigeria

The study investigated the psychosocial challenges and coping strategies of bully-victims among secondary school students in Kwara State, Nigeria. Descriptive survey was adopted. With a sample of 396 bully-victims which were selected using proportionate, stratified and snowball sampling techniques. The findings revealed that they experienced more psychological challenges than social challenges, such as anxiety, anger control issues, and difficulty forgetting bullied experiences. Bully-victims adopted more aggressive, social, and cognitive coping strategies than helpless strategies. There were no significant differences in psychosocial challenges based on age and school type, but differences existed based on gender. Significant differences also existed in coping strategies based on gender, age, and school type. The study recommended developing problem-solving strategies for bully-victims and addressing their psychological, social, and behavioral issues concurrently.

Estrategias de solución al Problema de Agencia en la gobernanza de las PYME

The review article focuses on exploring agency problem-solving strategies in SME governance worldwide. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method was employed to conduct the literature review. Through a comprehensive search across 5 databases, initially, 216 articles containing at least one of the terms of interest in their title or abstract were identified; however, after a rigorous selection process, only 7 articles met all the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results highlight the scarcity of research addressing the agency problem comprehensively in the context of SMEs. The inherent complexity of these issues is evident, emphasizing the need to consider a variety of factors such as ownership structure, financing, and governance when addressing these challenges. Consequently, the importance of future research delving into this field is emphasized, aiming to provide a better understanding and develop effective strategies to enhance governance in SMEs.

Odorless Probiotic Chicken of Eco-Smart Poultry Coop

The smell of chicken waste has become a serious problem in Malaysia. Flies and an unpleasant odor from poultry coop plague the locals. To decrease the disagreeable odor of chicken manure, the approach used in this study is charcoal as an adsorption method to adsorb an ammonia gas. The sawdust is used as a drying agent for the chicken waste to ensure it produces no smell, and it also contains EM (Effective Microorganisms) as a decomposition mechanism for the bacteria in the chicken waste. The research result obtained positive results based on the number of flies, the odor examined through human surveys, the difference between probiotic and normal chicken waste, and the difference in fat content identified in probiotic chicken. It has been demonstrated by studies that while using wood dust and charcoal can aid in eliminating the odor of chicken droppings, processing chicken droppings with an EM solution is crucial before the droppings start to smell bad. Implementing an automatic system to manage chicken feed and drink is a recommended approach to ensure the project's success. This will ensure that the chickens obtain the proper amount of food and drink at the time specified. Given that chickens are highly susceptible to extreme heat or cold, the following recommendation is to monitor the cage's temperature and humidity levels. The ammonia odor associated with poultry farming affects not only the environment but also people. People who live close to the area where chickens are raised will feel uncomfortable because of this issue. The probiotic approach is the problem-solving strategy, according to the research. The chickens' digestive tract will be aided using EM solution as a drink and meal, resulting in less offensive chicken faeces.

Coping patterns associations with cognitive function in older adults.

Cognitive function may contribute to variability in older adults' ability to cope with chronic stress; however, limited research has evaluated this relationship. This study investigated the relationship between theoretically derived coping domains and cognitive function in 165 middle-to-older adults during the Omicron stage of COVID-19. Participants completed a clinical interview and self-report measures of health. The National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set neuropsychological battery was used to evaluate memory, language, executive function/speed, and working memory. Structural equation modeling evaluated the underlying factor structure of the Brief COPE adapted for COVID-19. The data supported the proposed second-order Approach factor comprised of Problem-Solving and Emotion Regulation (ER) strategies and a first-order Avoidance factor. Higher Avoidance was associated with greater depression symptoms, lower income and worse memory, executive function, working memory, and verbal fluency performance. Higher Problem-Solving was associated with better verbal fluency performance. ER strategies were not significantly associated with cognitive function. The use of Problem-Solving was not associated with less Avoidance. Greater use of Problem-Solving, ER, and Avoidance were all associated with higher levels of stress. Post-hoc analyses found that higher Acceptance was the only coping strategy associated with less stress. These findings demonstrate that older adults with worse cognitive function were more likely to use Avoidance during the pandemic, which could result in prolonged stress and adverse health consequences. Future research is warranted to investigate whether acceptance-based interventions reduce the avoidance and impact of stress on health in vulnerable older adults.

Temperament and Voice Quality in Patients With Vocal Fold Nodules

BackgroundVocal fold nodules are most common in women and patients with vocal fold nodules represent the largest group in voice clinics. The prevalence of vocal fold nodules is particularly high in professions where the voice is used on a regular basis. The quality of the voice is influenced by a number of factors, including temperament, stress, and emotional state. These factors can influence the physiological conditions of phonation.The objective of this study was to assess the acoustic parameters of voice in patients with vocal nodules in comparison to healthy controls, and to determine whether voice quality is influenced by emotional state and coping with stress. MethodsA total of 32 patients admitted to the ENT Department of the University Medical School with voice disorders between March and June 2007 constituted the study group. All patients were found to have a vocal nodules on physical and stroboscopic examination. The control group consisted of 30 healthy individuals who did not report any voice disorders. All subjects underwent voice recordings in the voice laboratory. Following the completion of the voice evaluation form, anaerodynamic assessment (a, s, s/z-time), an index of vocal impairment, the Rosenbaum Schedule of Learned Resourcefulness (RLRS) and the Temperament and Characteristics Inventory (TEMPS-A), all subjects underwent further assessment. Acoustic analysis was conducted using the CSL program in MDVP and the Vocal Assessment component of Dr. Speech. ResultsThe decrease in MPT in the study group was statistically significant. There were statistically significant differences in the parameters MFo, Jitt, RAP, PPQ, SHdB, Shim, APQ, NHR, SPI from the MDVP, Jitter, Shim% from the voice assessment, and the perceptual rating (H, R, B) from Dr. Speech’s voice assessment analysis. The differences in the dimensions of anxious temperament and the examination of stress problem-solving strategies were significant between the study group and the control subjects. Differences in aerodynamic and acoustic parameters were found between disordered and healthy groups, as well as between individuals with different personalities. Overall, those with nodules were less likely to manage stress well than those without nodules. ConclusionThe study group and the control subjects showed significant differences in anxious temperament dimensions and stress problem-solving strategies. There were also differences in aerodynamic and acoustic parameters between the disordered and healthy groups, as well as between the groups with and without personality temperament differences. Overall, those with nodules were less likely to manage stress well than those without nodules. This finding indicates that stress management options are not effectively utilized in patients with vocal fold nodules. So, it might be a good idea to look into some kind of therapeutic approach and patient education for stress management.

Students' Critical Thinking in Solving Numeracy Problems: A Case Study of Students with High Self-Efficacy

Critical thinking is a 21st century skill that allows students to think reflectively and reason in making decisions. Students' critical thinking influences success in solving numeracy problems. This study aims to explain the ability to think critically in solving numeracy problems with high self-efficacy. The study employed a qualitative approach and phenomenological method. Data collection involved the use of the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT), self-efficacy questionnaires, and numeracy assessments in mathematics, specifically on topics related to cubes and rectangular prisms. Data analysis comprised data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Based on GEFT and self-efficacy questionnaire results, one class V-B student with a field-dependent cognitive style and high self-efficacy was selected for further critical thinking skills assessment. Based on the results the student with a field-dependent cognitive style and high self-efficacy demonstrated notable strengths. In the process of basic clarification, the student met the indicators for analyzing arguments and formulating statements, effectively presenting their arguments. When providing reasons for decisions, the student showed the ability to consider the credibility of sources by selecting appropriate problem-solving strategies. However, she occasionally made calculation errors due to inaccuracy. In the process of concluding, the student met the indicators for making and evaluating decisions, successfully composing conclusion sentences that aligned with the problems and final answers. Students with field dependent cognitive style and high self efficacy are able to fulfill all indicators of critical thinking by using their ability to solve critical thinking problems. He excelled in verbal ability at the time of the interview by explaining the argument of the problem and the answer, but his weakness is less thorough in working so that the results obtained are less precise.