Planful Problem Solving Research Articles

Mental Emotional Disorders and Coping Strategies of University Student During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Study

At the beginning of 2020, the world was shocked by the COVID-19 outbreak which has hit almost all parts of the world. Student academic activities are faced with an online learning system and the adaptation of new habits. This caused a different response from each student. This study aims to analyze the coping strategy of the student-facing COVID-19 pandemic at the Public Health Faculty, Hasanuddin University. This research is a mix-method study conducted in September-October 2020, located at the Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University. This study used a sequential explanatory strategy where quantitative data is collected and analyzed firs with 233 respondents by accidental sampling, followed by qualitative data with 12 respondents by purposive sampling. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic affects students psychologically. The results showed that as many as 121 people (51.9%) and there is two coping strategy. Problem-focused coping consists of seeking social support and planful problem solving and Emotional-focused coping that is distancing. The government and Public Health Faculty, Hasanuddin University can maximize the assistance provided in the form of psychological and financial assistance.

AN OVERVIEW OF PSYCHLOGICAL PERCEPTION, PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS, AND COPING STRATEGY OF YPPM AL-MUTTAQIEN TEACHERS IN BALIKPAPAN AGAINST COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Introduction: The change of education system during COVID-19 pandemic was a big challenge for teachers. These changes can lead to exhaustion for teachers, as happened to some elementary school teachers in Banten. A long period of exhaustion can develop into psychological distress such as anxiety, stress, and depression. This psychological distress can be controlled by implementing appropriate coping strategies for each individual. This study aims to describe the psychological perceptions, psychological distress, and coping strategies of teachers of YPPM Al-Muttaqien Balikpapan city in the midst of COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This research used quantitative descriptive method with cross sectional design. The research subjects were 17 respondents who were determined using the total sampling method. The variables of the study included individual characteristics, psychological perceptions, psychological distress, and coping strategies variable. The data analysis technique was performed using univariate analysis. Result: showed that there were 15 respondents who felt anxious about the COVID-19 pandemic. From 15 respondents, 3 people experienced moderate anxiety, 1 experienced moderate stress, and 2 experienced mild depression. Of the 2 respondents who admitted that they were not worried about the COVID-19 pandemic, 1 of them experienced mild depression. As many as 58.8% of respondents tended to use the EFC (Emotion Focused Coping) coping strategy and 41.2% used the PFC (Problem Focused Coping) coping strategy. Conclusion: The sub-coping most frequently used by respondents is planful problem solving and accepting responsibility.

ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS SISWA BERDASARKAN SELF EFFICACY

This study aims to determine the type of self-efficacy is the most at the level of low, medium and high ability to solve math problems and to describe the problem-solving ability of students in solving math problems in the material PLSV and PTLSV based on three dimensions of self-efficacy. This type of research is descriptive research using a qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were 9 students from grade VIIC Junior High School in Parongpong. Data collection in the form of written tests and interviews. The results showed that the most self-efficacy dimension for each mathematical ability is magnitude. At a high level of mathematical ability, most of the dimensions of self-efficacy students are able to perform each step of solving the Polya problem well. At the level of moderate mathematical ability, each dimension of self-efficacy students can partially understand the problem well and completely. At the stage of designing solutions some students have not been able to make a complete problem-solving plan and some do not make plans. At the stage of implementing the plan on each dimension of self-efficacy some students can work according to plan but not yet complete and visible from the results obtained less thorough. At the last stage of the Polya step, some students did not recheck and some did recheck. At the level of low mathematical ability, students from each dimension of self efficacy have not been able to desig n solutions and implement problem solving properly and completely according to plan, at the stage of re-examining students (dimension of self efficacy generality) re-examining their work and students (dimension of self efficacy magnitude and strength) do not re-examine their work.

Analisis kesulitan pemecahan masalah soal cerita materi pecahan ditinjau dari gender studi kasus peserta didik sekolah dasar

<p class="Abstract">This study aims to explain the forms of difficulties experienced by students in solving story problems in fractional material and their causal factors in terms of gender. The indicator of the problem solving steps used is the Polya step. The research subjects were fourth grade students at SD Negeri 1 Tanggeran for the 2021/2022 academic year. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The data sources in this study were fourth grade students of SD Negeri 1 Tanggeran. The research subjects were two male students and two female students. The data collection techniques used were interviews and document studies. The validity test technique used is time triangulation and technical triangulation. The data analysis technique used is the Miles and Huberman model analysis technique. The results of this study indicate (1) The forms of difficulties experienced by male students are difficulties in planning problem solving and difficulties in solving problems according to plan. (2) The forms of difficulties experienced by female students are difficulties in planning problem solving and difficulties in solving problems according to plan. (3) Factors causing difficulties experienced by male and female students.</p><p class="Abstract"><strong>Keywords:</strong> Difficulty, Problem Solving, Gender, Elementary School. </p>

Literature Study: Burnout and Coping among Emergency Room Nurses

Burnout is an emotional fatigue syndrome that often occurs on nurses in Emergency Department (ED). Emergency room nurses provide care quickly, responsively, and precisely. One of the factors that influence the burnout level is coping. Previous theories have not been able to explain positive coping for nurses who experience burnout, as well as literature review concerning burnout and coping among emergency room nurses are still minimal, so further research is needed. This study aims to identify burnout and coping among emergency room nurses. This research is a narrative review. Conduct search for research articles in the CINAHL, Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases using "burnout" AND "coping" AND "emergency nurse" OR "perawat IGD." Inclusion criteria are articles on last ten years, primary research, sample of emergency nurses. Unrelevant articles are excluded. Thus, 19 relevant articles were obtained which were analysed using compare and contrast techniques. The results of this literature study found that emergency room nurses are prone to burnout, especially on emotional exhaustion dimension. Coping strategies that are often used by emergency room nurses are planful problem solving, seeking social support, and positive reappraisal which are effective coping in dealing with problems and modifying attitudes. Problem focused coping is associated with low risk of experiencing burnout. Training in the use of appropriate coping strategies in burnout prevention for emergency room nurses should be done so that work errors reduced and service quality improved.

Жизнестойкость и копинг-стратегии у лиц с избыточной массой тела

The article presents the results of the study of some peculiarities of viability and coping strategies of lean and overweight people both satisfied and unsatisfied with their own body. It has been revealed that the subjects satisfied with their own body show similar indices of viability and coping strategies irrespectively their real body mass. Overweight subjects unsatisfied with their own body show remarkably lower indices of viability, and in personally important situations of all coping strategies they use the strategies of avoidance and taking responsibility more often rather than the strategy of planning to solve the problem. This group of subjects have the attitude to a body that is in a negative correlation towards viability indices and such coping strategies as the planning of problem solving, positive reassessment, and self-control.

Психофизиологические корреляты копинг-поведения у лиц юношеского возраста, перенесших COVID-19

The global nature of the epidemiological situation associated with the spread of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 and the multidisciplinary nature of the problem of psychophysiological disorders in people who have suffered from this disease has led to the need for a comprehensive study of the factors affecting postcovid recovery. Taking into account the nature of the problem posed, the purpose of the presented work was to study the relationship of psychophysiological parameters with indicators of stress-overcoming (coping) behavior in adolescents who have undergone COVID-19. The study included 54 students of Kemerovo State University, who were divided into a group of COVID-19 patients and a group without symptoms of the disease. To assess coping behavior, the questionnaire «Ways of Coping Question-naire» was used (Folkman, Lazarus; adaptation of Kryukova et al.). An automated computer complex “PFK” was used to study psychophysiological indicators. The following psychophysiological indicators were evaluated: simple visual-motor reaction, complex visual-motor reaction, anticipations and delays in assessing the reaction to a moving object, concentration and volume of attention, brain performance, the level of functional mobility of nervous processes, short-term memory for numbers and words, random access memory. According to the results of the correlation analysis, the interrelations between avoidant forms of coping behavior, such as “distancing”, “escape-avoidance”, “positive reassessment” with indicators of memory, attention, mobility of nervous processes, the number of inaccurate reactions to a moving object and the working capacity of the brain were recorded, which indicates a link between the increase in psychophysiological and cognitive disorders and preference in choosing care from stressful situations after a disease. Deterioration of memory and functioning of the nervous system lead to more frequent requests for support from others to receive additional help from them. The weakening of the nervous system also leads to more frequent use of productive coping strategies “taking responsibility” and “planning problem solving”, which, at the same time, additionally make it possible to compensate for cognitive impairments by performing tasks more accurately. In the group that did not have symptoms of COVID-19, no significant correlations were found between coping avoidance strategies and psychophysiological or cognitive impairments. Based on the results obtained, it can be assumed that the restoration of cognitive functions during psychocorrective work will make it possible to actualize the patient's choice of productive coping strategies and switch to a healthy behavior model.

Особливості прояву рівня життєстійкості залежно від домінуючих копінг-стратегій особистості

B a c k g r o u n d . Hardiness is an important psychological characteristic of a personality that helps to overcome difficulties and solve stressful life situations. Despite certain differences between the concepts of hardiness and coping strategies, studies (Olefir, 2011; Predko & Bondar, 2022; Soderstrom, Dolbier, Leiferman, & Steinhardt, 2000) demonstrate the relationship between coping strategies and personality hardiness. On the one hand, hardiness is determined by a person's ability to engage in constructive coping strategies aimed at overcoming life difficulties, and on the other hand, it is its effective expression. P u r p o s e : to build a prognostic model that will allow to determine the level of hardiness depending on the chosen coping strategies. M e t h o d s . "Test of hardiness", adaptation of D. A. Leontiev and O. I. Rasskazova; measure "Coping Strategy Indicator" by J. Amirkhan, adapted by V. M. Yaltonsky; "Ways of Coping Questionnaire" by R. Lazarus; questionnaire "Proactive Coping Inventory" by L. Aspinwall, E. Greenglass, R. Schwarzer, S. Taubert, adapted by O. Starchenkov. Regression analysis was performed to create a prognostic model. R e s u l t s . A prognostic model was developed that allows for identifying the level of hardiness depending on the dominant coping strategies. Using regression analysis, it was proved that three predictors have the greatest influence, namely problem avoidance, proactive coping, and planful problem-solving. C o n c l u s i o n . It was found that the choice of coping strategies determines the overall level of a person's hardiness and his or her ability to effectively withstand any situation. The study has shown that the proactivity of an individual, emotional self-regulation, and the ability to calculate the time perspective are the main factors in the successful overcoming of difficulties. At the same time, attempts to avoid negative experiences and denial of the problem impede the manifestation of hardiness.. However, further research is needed to develop the model in greater detail.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ВЫГОРАНИЯ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИХ РАБОТНИКОВ И РОЛЬ ОСОЗНАННОСТИ В ЕГО ПРОФИЛАКТИКЕ

Introduction. The article deals with the problem of professional burnout of teachers in connection with the effectiveness of pedagogical activity, its features, and the role of awareness in its prevention. Materials and methods. The study involved 88 teachers of various lengths of service and specialties. In addition, a group of medical workers (96 people) participated. We used the Maslach burnout test, the Lazarus and Folkman Coping Strategies Test, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Short Form Survey (SF-12), the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). We applied Student’s t-test and regression analysis for processing. Results. It has been established that there is a relationship between the level of professional burnout and the effectiveness of pedagogical activity. It has been determined that pedagogical workers, in comparison with medical workers, show more signs of professional burnout, which is expressed both in specialized scales and in the level of perceived stress. Pedagogical workers with a high level of burnout rely on different strategies of coping behavior than medical workers; they have a lower level of mindfulness. Factors preventing the development of burnout in teaching staff, the problem-solving planning strategy, a high level of mindfulness, and the presence of family relationships were identified. Conclusion. The results obtained in course of the study will be used to adapt a training program to reduce professional burnout.

STUDENTS’ THINKING PROCESS IN SOLVING MATHEMATICS PROBLEMS REVIEWING FROM COGNITIVE STYLE

This research aims to identify and describe the thinking process of students in solving mathematical problems, both students who have a field-independent type of cognitive style (GK-FI) and students who have a field-dependent type of cognitive style (GK-FD). The subjects of this study were eight people, consisting of four GK-FI students and four GK-FD students. Data was collected using the Group Embedded Figure Test (GEFT). The process of selecting subjects was carried out in stages (a) determining the class to be the subject of the study, (b) giving the GEFT test, (c) analyzing the results of the GEFT test, (d) determining the research subjects, each consisting of 4 students. The research process follows the stages: (a) reviewing theory and conducting an initial survey, (b) preparing research instruments, (c) collecting research data both written data and interview data, (d) validating data using triangulation techniques, (e) analyzing data on mathematical problems to get an overview of the procedures used by students in solving mathematical problems, and (f) revealing students' thinking processes in solving mathematical problems based on students' cognitive styles. The thinking processes of GK-FI and GK-FD subjects in solving mathematical problems are as follows: (1) In the process of forming an understanding, the GK-FI subject receives and parses based on its parts, then makes a problem-solving plan, while the GK-FD subject does not parse based on its parts. (2) In the process of forming opinions, the subject of GK-FI performs with an analytical process while the subject of GK-FD performs with a process of trial and error and matching. (3) In the process of drawing conclusions, the GK-FI subject conducts an examination or checks the results first, while the GK-FD subject does not do.

Challenges of the Sandwich Generation: Stress and coping strategy of the multigenerational care

Abstract. The Sandwich Generation is defined as those in multigenerational care positions and caregivers for children and parents or in-laws. They are often found in an extended families in Indonesia. Multigenerational parenting carried out by the Sandwich Generation can pose various challenges and problems, especially for Sandwich Generation working females, who must juggle their parenting loads with workplace demands. The Sandwich Generation is at risk for various mental health problems, including stress, depression, and anxiety. The purpose of this study is to describe the stress and coping strategies of the Sandwich Generation. The participants were 12 Sandwich Generation working females a mean age of 36. We applied a phenomenological qualitative approach with Interviews and Focus Group Discussions to collect our data. The result showed that stress occurs mainly in situations when parenting demands arise simultaneously, when both children and parents simultaneously need attention. Stress that appears generally has more impact on the emotional aspects of participants rather than on the physical one, such as feelings of sadness, guilt, and unstable emotions, and in terms of cognitive, forgetfulness, loss of concentration, and overthinking. Coping strategies used by the Sandwich Generation are emotionfocused coping strategies and problem-focused coping strategies. Emotion-focused coping strategies revealed distancing, escape-avoidance, accepting responsibility, self-control, and seeking emotional social support. We found only three problem-focused coping strategies: confrontative coping, seeking informational support, and planful problem-solving.Keywords: sandwich generation; stress; coping strategies

Japan’s Strategy on Managing Territorial Disputes of Senkaku Islands

The purpose of this study is to clarify and provide new information regarding the Japanese approach to handling territorial issues involving the Senkaku Islands. By applying the Negotiation and Mediation theory by Dean G. Pruitt and Peter J. Carnevale to evaluate and further explain the types of negotiations between Japan and China to resolve the territorial issues of the Senkaku Islands, it will explain the process of Japan's strategy for doing so. The study discovered that both countries went through several dynamics in their negotiating process using the Negotiation and Mediation theory. To identify the best way to develop a solution, Japan and China used two strategies: the first was the contesting strategy, which took place at the start of the negotiating process, and the second was the yielding or concession strategy. Finally, carry out the problem-solving plan whereby both parties agreed to host a Joint Development to put an end to the territorial disputes over the Senkaku Islands.

Stress Coping Styles in Family and Relatives of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in the South of Iran: Application of Lazarus and Folkman’s Theory of Stress Coping

Background: The ongoing outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major challenge for mental health care systems and causes and exacerbates mental anxiety. Objective: This study sought to investigate the coping styles of stress in families and relatives of COVID-19 patients in the south of Iran, according to Lazarus and Folkman’s Transactional theory ‎of Stress coping ‎model. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed in the period from March 5 to July 5, 2020. Data collection was done electronically using a standard questionnaire on Lazarus and Folkman’s coping methods. Finally, the output data of the electronic questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: A total of 276 people participated in the present study. There was a statistically significant difference between age and all emotion-oriented coping style domains (P <0.05), except planful problem solving (P = 0.817) and positive reappraisal (P = 0.153). The results of the present study showed that from the emotion-oriented coping, the domain of self-controlling (%55.9) received an unfavorable score, but in the problem-oriented coping (60.02%), the two domains of social support (%71.27) and positive reappraisal (70%) obtained scores above 50%. Conclusion: Families and relatives need help to improve coping with stress in the area of self-controlling. The results of the present study showed that emotion-oriented coping (self-controlling) had less effect on family stress than problem-oriented coping (domains of social support and positive reappraisal). Also, with domains of social support and positive reappraisal, the stress in the families was reduced. Factors influencing coping styles were age, literacy, source of information, and underlying disease. Since the COVID-19 pandemic condition is a unique stressful situation, it is necessary to implement psychological and educational interventions to gain the ability to control stress, especially in relatives with COVID-19.

Mathematics Problem-Solving Ability of Elementary School Students in Solving Hots Type of Mathematics Problems

Students should be trained to solve problems in mathematics so that they can do so in their studies also so that they can solve problems in their everyday lives, especially mathematical ones, with ease. This study aimed to learn how well students in grade five at SDN 26 in Rejang Lebong solved mathematical problems requiring higher-level critical thinking (HOTS). This study is an example of content analysis as a type of qualitative descriptive research. Students from Class 26 at VA SDN SDN in Rejang Lebong comprise the research sample. Testing members are used for data collection. The test questions are five multiple-choice HOTS problems. Research findings demonstrate students' varying abilities to solve arithmetic problems. The students have a good grasp of the issues from the perspective of problem understanding. Students aren't fully utilizing concepts and procedures while analyzing problems and developing solutions with mathematical tools, which is an issue with regard to problem-solving planning. Students have not fully written solutions to problems from both the planning and implementation perspectives, and from the perspective of looking back at previous solutions, they have not written those solutions down either.

The Impact of Coping Strategies and Individual Resilience on Anxiety and Depression among Construction Supervisors

Psychosocial working conditions such as long work hours, low job control, and work–life imbalance faced by construction professionals in site management positions subject them to elevated work stress and poor mental health. This study explored the protective ability of resilience and coping strategies in mitigating mental ill-health among construction supervisors in Nigeria. By adopting a mixed methodology, validated psychometric instruments were used to collect data from 174 construction supervisors, and semi-structured interviews involving 13 participants were used to understand better how supervisors cope with stress. The quantitative data were analysed using mean and univariate logistic regression, while qualitative data were thematically analysed. Univariate logistic regression revealed that individual resilience and problem-focused coping (PFC) strategies related to planful problem-solving, positive reappraisal, and seeking social support reduced anxiety symptoms. Aside from the coping skill considered in the quantitative survey, two additional skills adopted by the supervisors were deduced following thematic analysis. On average, the respondents’ depression, anxiety, and resilience levels were within the mild, minimal, and normal range, respectively. Resilience moderated the relationship between coping skills and anxiety by showing that a stronger relationship between the coping strategy and anxiety will be observed among people with a high level of resilience. Resilience, planful problem-solving, positive reappraisal, and seeking social support coping behaviours are significant predictors of mental health. This study highlights the need for resilience-building as an integral part of stress-reduction and management interventions aimed at construction supervisors in the construction industry.

Consumers' coping strategies when they feel negative emotions in the face of forced deconsumption during the Covid-19 pandemic lockdowns.

This paper explores consumers' coping strategies when they feel negative emotions due to forced deconsumption during the Covid-19 pandemic lockdowns. The tool used for data collection is the questionnaire. It was made using the LimeSurvey software. A total of 621 complete observations were analyzed. The findings demonstrate that anger positively influences the activation of seeking social support, mental disengagement, and confrontive coping strategies. Besides, disappointment activates mental disengagement but only marginally confrontive coping and not behavioral disengagement. Furthermore, regret is positively related to confrontive coping, behavioral disengagement, acceptance, and positive reinterpretation. Finally, worry positively impacts behavioral disengagement, self-control, seeking social support, mental disengagement, and planful problem-solving. The study's originality lies in its investigation of consumers' coping strategies when experiencing negative emotions due to forced deconsumption in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Improving Competency of Posyandu Cadres on Early Detection of Stunting in Lengkong Village, Mumbulsari District, Jember Regency

Based on data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia and the Central Statistics Agency in 2019, Jember is the city with the second highest percentage of stunting cases in East Java, so reducing the stunting rate is one of the main programs of the Jember regional government as the second indicator of the SDGs. Stunting data in Lengkong experienced a very drastic decline, in February 2022 as many as 329 children were stunted, but in June 2022 the number was only 4 children. The cadres had not been able to calculate age, conduct anthropometric measurements, and interpret the measurement results on the graph correctly. The problem-solving plan was to conduct cadre training on stunting and anthropometric measurements. On the first day, the training was by the presentation. The pre-test and post-test methods were used to determine the effect of giving presentations on the cadres knowledge, then the Shapiro-Wilk and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test test was performed. On the second day, the anthropometric measurement demonstration was conducted. The first day was attended by 29 cadres. The descriptive analysis result of the pre-test was (Mean = 76.55 SD = 11,109 Median = 80 IQR = 20) and the post-test was (Mean = 92.07 SD = 11,142 Median = 100 IQR = 10). Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test test results, Z score = -4.237 p-value = 0.000 (<0.05) it means that between the pre-test and post-test groups there is a significant difference, so the presentation about stunting and anthropometry positively and significantly increased the cadres knowledge. The second day was attended by 19 cadres. After the demonstration, the cadres can perform anthropometric measurements and interpret the data using growth charts correctly.

Stress and Coping among family caregivers of patients with Myocardial Infarction- Descriptive cross sectional study

Aim: A descriptive study was conducted to assess the level of stress and coping among family caregivers of patients with myocardial infarction in selected hospitals. Background: Self-care management of myocardial infarction is complex and demanding. Therefore, many patients with heart diseases rely on family members to provide care, such as medication administration, symptom monitoring and management, meal preparation, bathing, and transportation. Family caregivers experience various levels of stress and may seek different strategies to cope with the stress. Influence of stress on the level of coping experienced by the caregivers would help to evaluate and plan effective programmes that address their needs and teach them adaptive mechanism of coping. Methods: A descriptive correlational research design with purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from family caregivers. The study was conducted among100 family caregivers of patients with myocardial infarction for a period of one month. Data was collected by using standardized tools, Appraisal of caregiving scale and Ways of coping scales. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Two third of the subjects (62) had severe stress and minority (38) had moderate stress on “threat subscale”. Majority of the subjects (90) experienced severe stress on “benign subscale”. More than half of subjects (59) had moderate stress on “benefit subscale”. The coping scores showed that majority of subjects had poor coping in “distancing”(76), “self controlling”(81),” “accept responsibility”(98) and “escape Avoidance” (77) subscales, whereas least number of subjects had good coping on “distancing” (7), “seek social support” (7) and “planful problem solving” (10) subscales. A negative correlation exist between the subscales of stress and coping. The “threat subscale” of stress was significantly and negatively correlated with “distancing”(r =-0.335), “self controlling” (r = -0.352), “seek social support” (r =-0.415), “accept responsibility” (r= -0.254), “escape avoidance” (r = -0.298), “planful problem solving” (r =-0.348), and “positive reappraisal” (r =-0.393) subscales of coping. The “benign subscale” of stress was significantly and low negatively correlated with “distancing” (r = -0.234), “self controlling” ( r = 0.245), “seek social support” (r =-0.272), “accept responsibility” (r = -0.272), “escape avoidance” (r = -0.342), “planful problem solving” (r = -0.221) and “positive reappraisal” (r = -0.331) subscales of coping. The “benefit subscale” of stress was Correlated with “distancing” (r = -0.335), “self controlling” (r= -0.323), and “accept responsibility” (r = -0.253) subscales of coping. Conclusion: Findings of the study showed that, family caregivers of patients with myocardial infarction had severe to moderate stress on subscale of stress. Caregiver uses various copying strategies in order to cope up with the stresses of caregiving. A significant negative correlation exists between level of stress and coping among family caregivers of patients with myocardial infarction.

The Effectiveness of A Multiple Representation-Based Flipbook to Improve Students’ Problem-Solving Ability on The Topic of Wave

Flipbook with multiple representation designed through flip pdf professional software to improve problem-solving ability is still unavailable. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of a Multiple Representation-Based Flipbook (MRBF) in enhancing students' problem-solving skills on the topic of waves. This research uses the ADDIE development model with 32 students of XI MIPA of one senior high school in Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia, as its subject of study. The data were collected through a problem-solving test to measure the indicators of visualizing problems, presenting, planning problem solving, implementing, and evaluating solutions. The results showed that the average value of students' problem-solving before and after the MRBF was applied increased from very poor to very good. In addition, the Wilcoxon test results obtained a Sig (2-tailed) value of 0.00 &lt; 0.05 which means that the increase was significant. It was concluded that MRBF effectively improves students' problem-solving abilities in learning physics.

Problem-solving ability and mathematical disposition of students in solving HOTS problems of arithmetic sequences and sequences based on gender

Mathematical problem-solving skills have an especially important role in learning mathematics. Therefore, the world of education needs to prepare a new generation so that they can think critically, logically, systematically, analytically, creatively, collaborate, and solve HOTS problems. This study aims to describe the problem-solving ability and mathematical disposition of students based on gender. The method used is descriptive qualitative with test instruments in the form of HOTS questions and interviews related to problem-solving indicators and mathematical disposition questionnaires given to 8 students from 34 students of class X MAN 1 Sintang consisting of 4 male students and 4 female students. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that students' mathematical problem-solving ability based on gender has different characteristics and advantages in: 1) understanding the problem; 2) make a problem-solving plan; 3) solve the problem; and 4) re-examine. The mathematical disposition of male students is higher than that of female students. This proves that mathematical disposition is not an absolute requirement so that students can solve HOTS questions on arithmetic sequences and series.