Problem Of Representation Research Articles

Quantum three-rotor problem in the identity representation

Quantum three-rotor problem in the identity representation

Obstetric Sonar, Media Archaeology, Feminist Critique.

The snub-nosed, reclining, and serene image of the fetus is commonplace in cultural representations and analyses of obstetric ultrasound. Yet following the provocation of various feminist scholars, taking the fetal sonogram as the automatic object of concern vis-à-vis ultrasound cedes ground to anti-abortionists, who deploy fetal images to argue that life begins at conception and that the unborn are rights bearing subjects who must be protected. How might feminists escape this analytical trap, where discussions of ultrasonics must always be engaged in the act of debunking? This article orients away from the problem of fetal representation by employing a method which may appear to be wildly unsuitable: media archaeology. Media archaeologists typically reject the body and the human sensory apparatus as the default subject of media and argue that the interpretive methods of the humanities are incapable of accounting for the ontology of machines. I propose, however, that media archaeological methods provide a necessary vocabulary to attend to obstetric ultrasound outside of iconography. I develop and deploy a media archaeological method that integrates feminist concerns-including advocation of subjugated persons and the making visible of maligned subjects-to examine the ultrasonic experiments performed by gynecologist Ian Donald on working-class Glaswegian women during the 1950s and 1960s, ultimately arguing that, in the case of ultrasound, there can be no separation between technical process and the historically situated body.

Estimating the Hawkes process from a discretely observed sample path

Estimating the Hawkes process from a discretely observed sample path is challenging due to the intractability of the likelihood in such cases. To overcome this, we employ a state-space representation of the incomplete data problem and use the sequential Monte Carlo (SMC, aka particle filters) to approximate the likelihood function. The resulting estimator of the likelihood function is unbiased and, therefore, can be used along with the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm to construct Markov Chains to approximate the likelihood distribution and, more generally, the posterior distribution of model parameters. The performance of our methodology is assessed using simulation experiments and compared with other recently published methods. The proposed estimator exhibits a smaller mean square error compared to two benchmark estimators. Furthermore, an advantage of our method compared to existing methods is that confidence intervals for the parameters are readily computable. Finally, we apply the proposed estimator to the analysis of weekly count data on measles cases in Tokyo, Japan, and compare the results to one of the benchmark methods. The online supplementary materials contain a Julia package that implements our methodology, along with the technical proofs for two propositions.

The representation of complex diversity in upper chambers: comparative study of Ethiopia, Iran and Turkey

ABSTRACT This paper explains the creation and use of upper chamber in addressing the problem of representation. Ethiopia, Turkey and Iran are chosen for this comparative analysis because they are similar in terms of diversity. The issue of representation in both lower and upper chambers is an agenda of representative democracy. In fact, the role and necessity for the upper chamber varies country to country. Countries like UK, the USA, India, Russia and Ethiopia are the premier examples of a bicameral parliament whereas Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Israel and Turkey (since 1982) are examples of unicameral. Functionally, ensuring the geographical representation of diverse interests and interpreting the constitution. Usually, the upper chamber is appointed and this leads to lack of direct responsibility and accountability to the people whom they represent. This paper examines the role of the upper chamber in Ethiopia (1991–2015), Iran (until 1979 Islamic Revolution) and Turkey (1961–1980).

Метод решения задачи безопасного движения транспорта и пешеходов на основе квантовых и нейрокомпьютерных систем

Abstract. The article discusses two problems arising in the theory of optimal processes: 1) controlling a dynamical system under the condition of a minimum of the selected estimate of the intensity ꭓ [u] of the control forces; 2) observation, i.e. calculating the current coordinates — xi (t) of a moving object from the measurable functions yj from these coordinates. The main attention is paid to objects described by linear equations (for which, however, nonlinear laws of optimal control are derived from the minimum conditions ꭓ[u]). The solution of the problems under consideration is given, based on the methods of functional analysis based on the representation of observation problems and decision-making based on the closure of the control circuit based on quantum and neurocomputer technologies. Minimax rules are formulated and substantiated, which determine the optimal control actions or optimal resolving operations in cases of control and observation of a dangerous situation on the road, respectively. The duality between the processes of control and observation is discussed. The connection of the considered problems with the basic concepts of quantum information theory is established. Numerical methods for determining optimal control forces are described. The connection of the considered problems with the basic concepts of quantum information theory is established. Numerical methods for determining optimal control forces are described. The problem of control in a conflict situation of a possible collision of an unmanned controlled object with a pedestrian is considered. To solve this problem, a rule of extreme pedestrian warning is proposed, which provides a minimum of time for an accurate human response. The relationship between the solution of the problem of observation of a linear object and the canonical decomposition by Eigen elements of the motions of a dynamic system with an aftereffect is studied. The problem of calming the disturbed movements of the controlled system with the aftereffect is considered. A solution to one problem of observing the motions of a linear system under random interference is given.

Representations of the Super-Yangian of Type D(n, m)

AbstractWe consider the classification problem for finite-dimensional irreducible representations of the Yangians associated with the orthosymplectic Lie superalgebras $$\mathfrak {osp}_{2n|2m}$$ osp 2 n | 2 m with $$n\geqslant 2$$ n ⩾ 2 . We give necessary conditions for an irreducible highest weight representation to be finite-dimensional. We conjecture that these conditions are also sufficient and prove the conjecture for a class of representations with linear highest weights. The arguments are based on a new type of odd reflections for the Yangian associated with $$\mathfrak {osp}_{2|2}$$ osp 2 | 2 . In the Appendix, we construct an isomorphism between the Yangians associated with the Lie superalgebras $$\mathfrak {osp}_{2|2}$$ osp 2 | 2 and $$\mathfrak {gl}_{1|2}$$ gl 1 | 2 .

«Штурмы» Капитолия в немецких интернет-СМИ как пример конфликтного политического дискурса

The research aims to expand the boundaries of scientific knowledge in the field of understanding the problem of representation of acute political events by the media as a reflection of their author’s perception, which finds expression in linguistic consciousness and linguistic worldview. The article provides a political and linguistic analysis of the event “storming the Capitol” from the point of view of its presentation in the texts of German online media. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that politics in this work is considered as a speech activity, and the acute situation, which was the “storming of the Capitol”, is studied from the standpoint of its historical and linguistic representation, taking into account the ability of the language of the media to create the desired political interpretation of acute situations. This reflects the pragmatics of the media, capable of talking about similar political events in different ways, creating the prerequisites for the public perception of similar phenomena. The results obtained showed that the event of the “storming” of the Capitol, which took place on January 6, 2021, is described by German media using conflict-generating vocabulary, lexical units that reveal the manifestation and linguopragmatics of the conflict through the pragmatic potential of linguistic units that reflect the substantive side of classical conflict rhetoric, as well as the tactics of invective.

Творческие способности и инкубация: эффект Пуанкаре

<p>Incubation is a period during which a subject temporarily makes no conscious attempts to solve a problem but eventually arrives at a solution. Henri Poincaré described cases where insights came after a break from working on complex mathematical problems. This article proposes a hypothesis called the «Poincaré effect»: the higher a person's creativity, the more pronounced the effect of incubation in their creative process. An experimental study was conducted with 525 participants divided into a control group (without incubation) and an experimental group (with an incubation break). Participants performed the «Alternate Uses» test, inventing non-standard ways to use a matchstick. Creativity was assessed based on fluency (the number of ideas) and originality. The results showed that the incubation break led to a significant increase in the fluency of responses in the experimental group. Moreover, among participants with a high level of creativity, incubation contributed to an increase in the originality of responses, confirming the Poincaré effect. These findings align with the awareness model, according to which incubation helps restructure the problem representation and recognize previously found unconscious solutions. The study's conclusions confirm the presence of the Poincaré effect in the phenomenon of incubation and highlight the importance of individual creative abilities in the problem-solving process.</p>

Concept mapping to promote clinical reasoning in multimorbidity: a mixed methods study in undergraduate family medicine

BackgroundClinical reasoning significantly impacts physicians’ performance and patient care quality. Research into learning transfer within clinical reasoning education, especially in managing multimorbidity in Family Medicine, is crucial. This study evaluates the impact of concept maps (CMs) on promoting clinical reasoning skills among undergraduate students, compared to traditional teaching methods (TM).MethodsA mixed methods approach was used in a controlled, non-randomized study with fifth-year Family Medicine undergraduates allocated to sessions using either CMs or TM. Quantitative data included a feedback questionnaire and evaluation of an individual task. Qualitative data comprised responses to an open-ended question and analysis of problem representation in the individual task.ResultsAmong 313 eligible students, 112 participated (CM: 60, TM: 52). Both groups reported high satisfaction with their teaching methods. The CM group valued the holistic view and organization for managing multimorbidity cases, showing higher odds of positive scores on individual tasks (differences not statistically significant). Additionally, the CM group had a more homogeneous code matrix for problem representation in two clinical vignettes.ConclusionsWhile no definitive evidence supports the superiority of CMs over traditional methods, promising trends were noted. The CM group showed improved performance in individual tasks and better organization in managing multimorbidity cases. Further investigation is recommended to explore varying levels of CM usage and modifications to pre-class workloads.Clinical trial numberNot applicable.

Социально-философский анализ парадокса репрезентации эмоционального робота в литературе и кинематографе

This article is devoted to the socio-philosophical analysis of the mechanical man – machine or robot ‒ in the representations of modern culture, in particular, in literature and cinema. The key characteristic of such a construction is the paradox of representations of the robot's emotionality, which is conceptualized at the level of human emotions in the context of socio-cultural plot and scenario solutions. The authors pay particular attention to the complex problem of generation, representation, and adequacy of emotions demonstrated by a robot in the course of the development of a literary plot or a cinematic scenario. As a result of the research, the authors delineate and examine a range of socio-philosophical analysis concerning the creation of the mechanical image of a human endowed with emotions, which is intricately linked to the psychological nuances of how this image is perceived by readers or viewers. In conclusion, a selective review of cinematic works from both past and present centuries is conducted, analyzing the socio-philosophical issues arising from the introduction of robots within these narratives. The article also evaluates the prospects for further research in this direction, highlighting the ongoing relevance of emotional robots in modern cultural discourse and their implications for understanding human emotionality and identity in an increasingly mechanized world.

Duas (ou mais) questões sobre artes plásticas, crença e verdade

This article discusses two experiences involving the appreciation and valuation of plastic objects, relating them to the fiduciary contract established between the instances of production and reception of art — the attribution of authorship to a work and the curation of an exhibition. In the first case, the value of a signature is analyzed as a market and aesthetic gesture, and in the second, the scene of an exhibition of abstract paintings and figurative sculptures, which, by generating aesthetic effects and media repercussions, thematizes the problem of representation. In both cases, the main theoretical issue is the relationship between belief and truth in the field of plastic arts, based on Discursive Semiotics, particularly two chapters from A. J. Greimas’ book Du sens II, 'The Contract of Veridiction' and 'Knowing and Believing: a Single Cognitive Universe'.

On the analytic extension of the Horn's confluent function $\mathrm{H}_6$ on domain in the space $\mathbb{C}^2$

The paper considers the problem of representation and extension of Horn's confluent functions by a special family of functions - branched continued fractions. In a new region, an estimate of the rate of convergence for branched continued fraction expansions of the ratios of Horn's confluent functions $\mathrm{H}_6$ with real parameters is established. Here, region is a domain (open connected set) together with all, part or none of its boundary. Also, a new domain of the analytical continuation of the above-mentioned ratios is established, using their branched continued fraction expansions whose elements are polynomials in the space $\mathbb{C}^2$. These expansions can be used to approximate the solutions of certain differential equations and analytic functions, which are represented by the Horn's confluent functions $\mathrm{H}_6.$

General regularization scheme in data-driven learning of Koopman operators

As is known, the Koopman operator is widely used in the analysis of complex dynamic systems. In this paper, we consider the problem of numerical representation of the Koopman operators on Reproducing Kernel Hilbert spaces. The main idea of the proposed approach is the use of a concept of general regularization scheme to ensure the stability of the constructed approximations. This concept allows us to simultaneously consider several well-known regularization methods, which have been previously employed for approximating the Koopman operators. We also discuss the issue of the regularization parameter choice, that has been understudied so far.

Medical language matters: impact of clinical summary composition on a generative artificial intelligence's diagnostic accuracy.

Evaluate the impact of problem representation (PR) characteristics on Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) diagnostic accuracy. Internal medicine attendings and residents from two academic medical centers were given a clinical vignette and instructed to write a PR. Deductive content analysis described the characteristics comprising each PR. Individual PRs were input into ChatGPT-4 (OpenAI, September 2023) which was prompted to generate a ranked three-item differential. The ranked differential and the top-ranked diagnosis were scored on a 3-part scale, ranging from incorrect, partially correct, to correct. Logistic regression evaluated individual PR characteristic's impact on ChatGPT accuracy. For a three-item differential, accuracy was associated with including fewer comorbidities (OR 0.57, p=0.010), fewer past historical items (OR 0.60, p=0.019), and more physical examination items (OR 1.66, p=0.015). For ChatGPT's ability to rank the true diagnosis as the single-best diagnosis, utilizing temporal semantic qualifiers, more semantic qualifiers overall, and adhering to a typical 3-part PR format all correlated with diagnostic accuracy: OR 3.447, p=0.046; OR 1.300, p=0.005; OR 3.577, p=0.020, respectively. Several distinct PR factors improved ChatGPT diagnostic accuracy. These factors have previously been associated with expertise in creating PR. Future studies should explore how clinical input qualities affect GAI diagnostic accuracy prospectively.

The unfeasibility of onto-representationalism

Much effort has been devoted to explaining in what sense models represent their corresponding target systems. This has been considered a pivotal philosophical problem since representational models have been widely assumed to canalize our knowledge and understanding of reality. The aim of the paper is to analytically structure the framework commonly adopted to address the Scientific Representation Problem (SR-P), i.e., onto-representationalism, and to examine its main problems. Due to its very theoretical conditions, I conclude that onto-representationalism constitutes an inadequate meta-scientific platform to approach SR-P. I locate the problem in the semantic assumption. To materialize these analyses, I examine the main arguments proposed by the main variants of onto-representationalism: classical onto-representationalism and sophisticated onto-representationalism.

Against Pritchard's refutation of epistemic relativism

Much effort has been devoted to explaining in what sense models represent their corresponding target systems. This has been considered a pivotal philosophical problem since representational models have been widely assumed to canalize our knowledge and understanding of reality. The aim of the paper is to analytically structure the framework commonly adopted to address the Scientific Representation Problem (SR-P), i.e., onto-representationalism, and to examine its main problems. Due to its very theoretical conditions, I conclude that onto-representationalism constitutes an inadequate meta-scientific platform to approach SR-P. I locate the problem in the semantic assumption. To materialize these analyses, I examine the main arguments proposed by the main variants of onto-representationalism: classical onto-representationalism and sophisticated onto-representationalism.

Portfolio Optimization with Translation of Representation for Transport Problems

Abstract The paper presents a hybridization of two ideas closely related to metaheuristic computing, namely Portfolio Optimization (researched by Xin Yao et al.) and Translation of Representation for different metaheuristics (researched by Byrski et al.). Thus, difficult problems (discrete optimization) are approached by a sequential run through a number of steps of different metaheuristics, providing the translation of representation (since the algorithms are completely different). Therefore, close cooperation of e.g. ACO, PSO, and GA is possible. The results refer to unaltered algorithms and show the superiority of the constructed hybrid.

Lusztig correspondence and the finite Gan-Gross-Prasad problem

The Gan-Gross-Prasad problem is to describe the restriction of representations of a classical group G G to smaller groups H H of the same kind. In previous work by Liu and Wang [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 373 (2020), pp. 4223–4253; Manuscripta Math. 165 (2021), pp. 159–189; Math. Z. 297 (2021), pp. 997–1021] and Wang [Adv. Math. 393 (2021), p. 72], we study the Gan-Gross-Prasad problem for unipotent representations of finite classical groups. In this paper, we solved the Gan-Gross-Prasad problem over finite fields completely. The main tools used are the Lusztig correspondence and a formula of Reeder [J. Amer. Math. Soc. 20 (2007), pp. 573–602] for the pairings of Deligne-Lusztig characters. We give a reduction decomposition of Reeder’s formula and reduce the Gan-Gross-Prasad problem for arbitrary representations to the unipotent representations by Lusztig correspondence.

Monte Carlo tree search with spectral expansion for planning with dynamical systems.

The ability of a robot to plan complex behaviors with real-time computation, rather than adhering to predesigned or offline-learned routines, alleviates the need for specialized algorithms or training for each problem instance. Monte Carlo tree search is a powerful planning algorithm that strategically explores simulated future possibilities, but it requires a discrete problem representation that is irreconcilable with the continuous dynamics of the physical world. We present Spectral Expansion Tree Search (SETS), a real-time, tree-based planner that uses the spectrum of the locally linearized system to construct a low-complexity and approximately equivalent discrete representation of the continuous world. We prove that SETS converges to a bound of the globally optimal solution for continuous, deterministic, and differentiable Markov decision processes, a broad class of problems that includes underactuated nonlinear dynamics, nonconvex reward functions, and unstructured environments. We experimentally validated SETS on drone, spacecraft, and ground vehicle robots and one numerical experiment, each of which is not directly solvable with existing methods. We successfully show that SETS automatically discovers a diverse set of optimal behaviors and motion trajectories in real time.

Perceiving precedence: Order of operations errors are predicted by perception of equivalent expressions

Students often perform arithmetic using rigid problem-solving strategies that involve left-to-right-calculations. However, as students progress from arithmetic to algebra, entrenchment in rigid problem-solving strategies can negatively impact performance as students experience varied problem representations that sometimes conflict with the order of precedence (the order of operations). Research has shown that the syntactic structure of problems, and students’ perceptual processes, are involved in mathematics performance and developing fluency with precedence. We examined 837 U.S. middle schoolers’ propensity for precedence errors on six problems in an online mathematics game. We included an algebra knowledge assessment, math anxiety measure, and a perceptual math equivalence task measuring quick detection of equivalent expressions as predictors of students’ precedence errors. We found that students made more precedence errors when the leftmost operation was invalid (addition followed by multiplication). Individual difference analyses revealed that students varied in propensity for precedence errors, which was better predicted by students’ performance on the perceptual math equivalence task than by their algebra knowledge or math anxiety. Students’ performance on the perceptual task and interactive game provide rich insights into their real-time understanding of precedence and the role of perceptual processes in equation solving.