Realization Problem Research Articles

A DX-Like Ternary/Pair-Map, Its Eco-Entropy Scheme, and Managerial Diversity of Nature versus Artifacts Type on Sandwich Theory

The problem means to pursue sustainable eco-entropy as redundancy (constraints) or marginal profit, value, and diversity. Therefore, this paper will discuss the following problem of realizing the DX-like microcosm of the ternary/pair-map with allowance (buffer), its eco-entropy scheme, and managerial diversity of nature versus artifacts’ body, on the sandwich theory. First, an outline of ternary sandwich (SW)/pair-map is geometrically prepared, along with the introduction and discussion of the eco-entropy concept, based on three types of energy, economy, and information structure without buffer. Subsequently, a managerial problem of body’s diversity is proposed and formulated, based on topics within the spectrum of the 3M & I world. Next, the relaxation problem of ternary SW/pair-map with allowance (buffer/delay), will be remarked as the case of demand-equals-supply (without buffer), and re-named as an allowed buffer type of ternary SW, or a 2-center case of demand versus supply (with buffer). Finally, the better realization problem will be formulated by the class of eigenvalue or progressive type, under certain indications of the eco-entropy class concept, and also, a systematic unification of ternary SW/pair-map is geometrically realized at 3D type. This approach towards human-friendly and sustainable nature versus artifacts’ body, may be incorporated into such the practical object of bodies (on vector space) as enterprise, economic structures, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in the near future.

СПЕЦИФИКА ПРАВОВОГО РЕЖИМА ПРИБРЕЖНЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ: ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЙ И ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТЫ

The legal regime of coastal territories adjacent to water bodies is considered. Legislative regulation of the use and protection of land and land plots on coastal territories is analyzed, actual problems of establishment and realization of their legal regime are revealed. The tendencies of changes in environmental, land, water, legislation establishing requirements for the use of coastal territories are highlighted. On the basis of studying the current legislation and materials of prosecutor’s practice the conclusions about necessity of improvement of legal regulation of use and protection of coastal territories are made.

On realization and isomorphism problems for formal matrix rings

On realization and isomorphism problems for formal matrix rings

Liquefied petroleum gas: prospects for alternative applications

This article analyzes the production of natural gas product and its application in the territory of Eastern Siberia and the Far East. In this territory a significant number of hydrocarbon deposits are dispersed, with the current volume of production already formed natural gas reserves for more than 150 years, and further plans to increase the resource base, which is a strategic priority. But promising ways of sales are needed, so the logistical situation in these territories was analyzed. The problems of realization of this resource in the territory due to the difficult logistical situation were revealed. The analysis of the prospective use of liquefied petroleum gas in Russia and the prospects of exporting to other countries. Based on the performed analysis the proposal has been formed on the development of the excessive amount of the gas product in the territory, the proposed solution meets all the requirements and is relevant to the territory. And as to confirm the economic benefits, the effectiveness of the proposed approach to the development of surplus gas production has been assessed, which also confirmed that this solution is relevant for Eastern Siberia and the Far East.

Problems of realization of environmental rights of citizens in the Russian Federation

Problems of realization of environmental rights of citizens in the Russian Federation

“Smart Power” Phenomenon in the PRC’s Foreign Policy in the Asia-Pacific Region

The article reveals relevant aspects of China’s smart power policy applied to the Asia-Pacific region. Smart power is considered as a synthesis of soft and hard diplomatic strategies, which allows modern China to effectively achieve its foreign policy goals in the region. Problems of realization of “soft power” policy are noted, factors of counteraction to strengthening China’s foreign policy influence in the Asia-Pacific region are revealed.

Problems of realization of freedom of movement during the period of mobilization (partial mobilization) on the territory of the Russian Federation

Problems of realization of freedom of movement during the period of mobilization (partial mobilization) on the territory of the Russian Federation

The game-theoretical modelling of a dynamically evolving network: Revisiting the target sequence 111

In previous work we considered a model of a dynamically evolving network of interactions between a group of individuals, where each individual has an optimum level of social engagement with other group members. A randomly selected individual will form or break a link to obtain the required number of contacts. These interactions were formulated as a graph realisation problem. This short paper considers a game-theoretical version of the model, where individuals strategically choose the specific link to form or break. This game is known from previous work to be very complex for all but almost trivial cases, with the exception of an example with three players considered by Broom and Cannings. We revisit this example and show that even this is more complex than previously thought. In this paper, we find a general expression for the payoff functions for all possible strategy combinations. In addition to the three Nash equilibria previously found, we find a set of six more. The considerations of all possibilities proves to be infeasible, leaving the possibility of more solutions open.

Two Double Recursive Block Macaulay Matrix Algorithms to Solve Multiparameter Eigenvalue Problems

We present two double recursive block Macaulay matrix algorithms to solve multiparameter eigenvalue problems (MEPs). In earlier work, we have developed a non-recursive approach that finds the solutions of an MEP via a multidimensional realization problem in the null space of the block Macaulay matrix constructed from the coefficient matrices of that MEP. However, this approach requires an iterative increase of the degree of the block Macaulay matrix: in order to determine whether the null space contains all the (affine) solutions of the MEP, we need to compute a basis matrix of the null space for every degree and check its dimension or rank structure. In this letter, we employ a recursive/sparse technique to compute a basis matrix of the null space of the block Macaulay matrix and a recursive technique to perform the necessary rank checks. We provide two system identification examples to show our improvements in computation time and memory usage.

Determination of information about a physical person in composition the objects of civil laws by an international and national legislation

In the article investigational and legal foundation of informative safety that is built on principles of fundamental distribution of all volume legally meaningful information on two kinds is studied: popular information and information with a limit access. The legal mode of information is called to guard information, free turnover of that can violate rights and interests of the state, society and individual, provide informative independence of private legal subjects in relationships with the state and inter se, co-ordinate a public requirement in freedom of information and right each on maintenance of secret.
 Turnover of information in society grounds for a conclusion about appearance of new type of public relations – informative, that is the object of the legal adjusting. In the conditions of scientific novelty of information as article of research, in default of high-cube of legislative and judicial practice legal science objectively can not have in the order deep cognitions in this industry.
 Most interest of theorists and practical workers is in recent year caused by the questions, related to the civil legal adjusting of informative relations, realization and protection of informative rights, researches of features of information as an object of civil legal relationships, subject composition and maintenance of informative legal relationships, principles of functioning of informative legal relationships.
 Importance of problems of realization of informative rights, in particular, inhibition, implementation and use of norms of informative legislation and especially – civil legal aspects of realization of informative rights, a specific of realization of informative rights in the field of the personal unproperty legal relationships is founding for realization of research within the framework of this article.
 In accordance with the item of 2 Laws of Ukraine «About the protection of the personal data» the personal information is information or aggregate of information about a physical person which is identified or can be concretely identified. Consequently, a legislator equates information about a physical person and it the personal information. For today, it is a certain problem, as development of informative society results in a volume, information about a physical person is more wide category, than the personal information.
 Among mizhnarodno-pravovikh documents which were accepted and directed on the protection of the personal data, it is possible to name:Recommendation of Advice of Organization on an economic collaboration and development, that touch the substantive provisions of defence of inviolabilityof private life and international exchanges the personal information from Septembers, 23, 1980; Convention of Advice of Europe «About defence ofpersons in connection with the automated processing of the personal data» ¹ 108 from January, 28, 1981; Directive of European parliament and Advice of ES in relation to processing of the personal data and defence of confidentiality in the sector of electronic communication (A directive is about confidentiality and electronic communication means) means from July, 12, 2002 ¹ 2002/58/ES.

Homogeneous approximation for minimal realizations of series of iterated integrals

In the paper, realizable series of iterated integrals with scalar coefficients are considered and an algebraic approach to the homogeneous approximation problem for nonlinear control systems with output is developed. In the first section we recall the concept of the homogeneous approximation of a nonlinear control system which is linear w.r.t.\ the control and the concept of the series of iterated integrals. In the second section the statement of the realizability problem is given, a criterion for realizability and a method for constructing a minimal realization of the series are recalled. Also we recall some ideas of the algebraic approach to the description of the homogeneous approximation: the free graded associative algebra, which is isomorphic to the algebra of iterated integrals, the free Lie algebra, the Poincar\'{e}-Birkhoff-Witt basis, the dual basis and its construction by use of the shuffle product, the definition of the core Lie subalgebra, which defines the homogeneous approximation of a control system. In the third section we show how to find the core Lie subalgebra of the systems that is a realization of the one-dimensional series of iterated integrals without finding the system itself. The result obtained is illustrated by the example, in which we demonstrate two methods for finding the core Lie subalgebra of the realizing system. In the last section it is shown that for any graded Lie subalgebra of finite codimension there exists a one-dimensional homogeneous series such that this Lie subalgebra is the core Lie subalgebra for its minimal realization. The proof is constructive: we give a method of finding such a series; we use the dual basis to the Poincar\'{e}-Birkhoff-Witt basis of the free associative algebra, which is built by the core Lie subalgebra, and the shuffle product in this algebra. As a consequence, we get a classification of all possible homogeneous approximations of systems that are realizations of one-dimensional series of iterated integrals.

A model of values and prices based on a solution to the transformation problem

This article presents a comprehensive values and prices formation model based on Marx’s (1992, 1993) labor theory of value within a Temporal Single-System Interpretation (TSSI) framework. This model bases on a new interpretation of the Marxian Fundamental Theorem (FMT) and the Monetary Expression of Labor Time (MELT). If the modification in the dialectical sequence of the formation of the categories and the introduction of the dual determination of socially necessary labor time are accepted, the transformation problem encounters solution in the interpretation of Carchedi and de Haan (1996). Likewise, contemporary approaches reveal the need for a redefinition of key categories of the Marxist labor theory of value to develop a logically coherent model. Thus, the proposed model includes the dimension of the realization problem that commodities face in the market and introduce analytical categories for both production and realization periods. Finally, value category is redefined.

Realizability of iso-g2 processes via effective pair interactions.

An outstanding problem in statistical mechanics is the determination of whether prescribed functional forms of the pair correlation function g2(r) [or equivalently, structure factor S(k)] at some number density ρ can be achieved by many-body systems in d-dimensional Euclidean space. The Zhang-Torquato conjecture states that any realizable set of pair statistics, whether from a nonequilibrium or equilibrium system, can be achieved by equilibrium systems involving up to two-body interactions. To further test this conjecture, we study the realizability problem of the nonequilibrium iso-g2 process, i.e., the determination of density-dependent effective potentials that yield equilibrium states in which g2 remains invariant for a positive range of densities. Using a precise inverse algorithm that determines effective potentials that match hypothesized functional forms of g2(r) for all r and S(k) for all k, we show that the unit-step function g2, which is the zero-density limit of the hard-sphere potential, is remarkably realizable up to the packing fraction ϕ = 0.49 for d = 1. For d = 2 and 3, it is realizable up to the maximum "terminal" packing fraction ϕc = 1/2d, at which the systems are hyperuniform, implying that the explicitly known necessary conditions for realizability are sufficient up through ϕc. For ϕ near but below ϕc, the large-r behaviors of the effective potentials are given exactly by the functional forms exp[ - κ(ϕ)r] for d = 1, r-1/2exp[ - κ(ϕ)r] for d = 2, and r-1exp[ - κ(ϕ)r] (Yukawa form) for d = 3, where κ-1(ϕ) is a screening length, and for ϕ = ϕc, the potentials at large r are given by the pure Coulomb forms in the respective dimensions as predicted by Torquato and Stillinger [Phys. Rev. E 68, 041113 (2003)]. We also find that the effective potential for the pair statistics of the 3D "ghost" random sequential addition at the maximum packing fraction ϕc = 1/8 is much shorter ranged than that for the 3D unit-step function g2 at ϕc; thus, it does not constrain the realizability of the unit-step function g2. Our inverse methodology yields effective potentials for realizable targets, and, as expected, it does not reach convergence for a target that is known to be non-realizable, despite the fact that it satisfies all known explicit necessary conditions. Our findings demonstrate that exploring the iso-g2 process via our inverse methodology is an effective and robust means to tackle the realizability problem and is expected to facilitate the design of novel nanoparticle systems with density-dependent effective potentials, including exotic hyperuniform states of matter.

Observer-based dynamic optimal recoil controller design for deepwater drilling riser systems

This paper deals with the observer-based dynamic optimal recoil controller design of a deepwater drilling riser system subject to friction force of fluid discharge and platform heave motion. First, by using exponential and polynomial functions conjunctively, a novel nonlinear computational model of the friction force is presented. Then, a linear system model is developed to describe dynamic characteristics of the friction force. Third, by using feedforward mechanisms and internal model principle jointly, a dynamic optimal recoil control scheme is proposed for the riser, where the feedforward mechanism is designed to compensate the friction force of fluid discharge, and the internal model principle is introduced to reject platform heave motion. The conditions of existence and uniqueness of a dynamic optimal recoil controller of the riser are developed. Fourth, a friction force observer is designed to solve the physically realizable problem of the recoil controller. Simulation results show that under the observer-based dynamic optimal recoil controller, the recoil of the riser can be attenuated significantly, and zero steady state errors of the riser can be guaranteed. In addition, from the perspective of achieving steady performance of the riser, the designed dynamic optimal recoil control scheme outperforms existing linear quadratic optimal control schemes.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF ORGAN DONATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, SWITZERLAND AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

For a long time, the transplantation of organs and tissues from one person to another has remained an unsolvable medical problem. Nowadays, donor organ transplantation is a common and successful way to treat patients with terminal organ failure, which undoubtedly makes it more in demand. The largest percentage of all organ transplants involves transplants from people who have already died. In this regard, an important issue is the possibility for a person to express his or her will regarding the posthumous removal of organs for transplantation, and the mechanisms and possibilities of this expression of will as such. The article deals with the provisions of Russian, US and Swiss legislation regulating the organization and functioning of the organ transplantation system in each country; legal relations in the field of organ and tissue transplantation as well as the mechanisms of citizens' will regarding the posthumous removal of organs and tissues for transplantation purposes. Legal problems of realization of such will in the Russian Federation are covered. The ways of solving the arising problems are offered. The role of legislation, including the presumption on the removal of organs, and other factors influencing the increase in the number of transplantations carried out in the country are considered.

A Study on the Resolution and Depth of Focus of ArF Immersion Photolithography.

In this study, the resolution and depth of focus (DOF) of the ArF immersion scanner are measured experimentally according to numerical aperture (NA). Based on the experiment, the theoretical trade-off relationship between the resolution and depth of focus can be confirmed and k1 and k2 are extracted to be about 0.288 and 0.745, respectively. Another observation for a problem in small critical dimension realization is the increase in line width roughness (LWR) according to mask open area ratio. To mitigate the trade-off problem and critical dimension variation, the photoresist thickness effect on depth of focus is analyzed. Generally, the photoresist thickness is chosen considering depth of focus, which is decided by NA. In practice, the depth of focus is found to be influenced by the photoresist thickness, which can be caused by the intensity change of the reflected ArF light. This means that photoresist thickness can be optimized under a fixed NA in ArF immersion photolithography technology according to the critical dimension and pattern density of the target layer.

Research on Simulation System for Human-SRL Collaborative Motion Planning

At present, there is a problem of visual area switching in the existing SRL (supernumerary robotic limb) operation methods. In response to this problem, the authors’ previous work proposed a new SRL operation method called relatively independent operation, and proposed a corresponding software architecture. The purpose of this paper is to solve the theoretical problems and engineering realization problems of the human-SRL skeleton algorithm module in the software architecture. Therefore, modeling, data collection, data processing, and visualization of a human-SRL system are studied in this paper. Firstly, a human-SRL skeleton visualization simulation system is developed. The condition setting, the applications, and the core algorithm of the simulation system are introduced. The core algorithm mainly contains four types of important functions, namely skeleton model building functions, human-SRL data collection functions, human-SRL data processing functions, and skeleton visualization functions. Secondly, the implementation principles of these four functions are described: (1) For the skeleton model building functions, a human-SRL skeleton model is proposed which is an integration of a human skeleton model and an SRL skeleton model. The construction methods of these three skeleton models are described. (2) For the remaining functions, how to collect and process human data, SRL data, human-SRL data, and how to visualize a human-SRL skeleton are described. Finally, the visualization effect of the developed simulation system on human-SRL skeleton movement is verified by experiments, which proves the correctness of the functions in the simulation system.

Interpretation of the Origin by F. Rosenzweig and M. Heidegger

The research focuses on the problem of interpretation of such a concept as the origin, which is ultimate for philosophical thought and bases existentially oriented constructions of Franz Rosenzweig and Martin Heidegger. It is argues in this paper the fundamental difference between the interpretations of the origin in “The Star of Redemption» and in «Being and Time”, despite all points of intersection and coincidences that bring closer together dialogical and existential-historical thinking. Such differentiation of positions is determined by the necessity both to neutralize romantic connotations, which expose the origin ( Ursprung ) as abyss ( Abgrund ), and to methodologically clarify the possibility not so much to think as to practically assert a limited and unclosed within itself integral being, including ontological and ethical dimensions. The origin of oblivion and renewal, imposed by Heidegger’s hermeneutics of facticity, is contrasted with Rosenzweig's origin of the “eternal overworld”, reconstructed on the basis of Herman Cohen's religio-philosophical intuitions and his analysis of the infinitesimal as a principle of reality. Rosenzweig’s position, which aims at a correlative consideration of the purely logical content of the infinitesimal quantity (almost-Nothing) and the existential experience of the finiteness of everything, is favorably distinguished by the absence of a one-sided focus on recalling, where fore-running although is declared, but it is immediately restrained by being-towards-death. As a result, Rosenzweig’s dialogism turns out to be free from overestimating what Heidegger’s interpretation calls resoluteness, which in fact is not much different from paralysis in the clearance of being. Cohen’s problem of an infinite task's realization, being actualized in Rosenzweig’s conception, allows to go beyond being-towards-death in juxtaposing the trajectories of initial elements into a true gestalt.

THE CONCEPT OF DIVERSITY MANAGEMENT IN ENSURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MARKET POTENTIAL OF THE ENTERPRISE IN CRISIS CONDITIONS

The article highlights the war-induced problems of formation and realization of the market potential of subjects of the entrepreneurial sector of the national economy. Based on the analysis of scientific views on the essential content of the definition “market potential of the enterprise”, it was concluded that they are dominated by the marketing component of work with the market, which limits management decisions regarding the development of market potential to the sphere of work with consumers. The need to expand this interpretation towards the assessment of the economic feasibility of decisions is argued, which makes it possible to more effectively manage the processes of its expansion, including through the implementation of measures that make it possible to ensure its development, relying on the support of a wider range of stakeholders. The author’s position regarding the management of the processes of building up and developing the market potential of the enterprise based on the concept of “diversity management” was formed. In the light of this concept, the definition of an enterprise is presented as a socio-economic system, designed taking into account the diversity of factors of the external environment and with a rationally justified (from the point of view of the goals of effective functioning) set of structural elements and a system of connections between them, which provides the necessary for the creation of products (services ) the level of diversity, efficiency and effectiveness of technological and management processes aimed at creating consumer values, taking into account the diversity of consumer preferences in selected market segments. This made it possible to outline the spheres and directions of enrichment of diversity in the structure of resources, processes and target markets for the development of the market potential of the enterprise. It is noted that the key sign of the expediency of increasing the level of diversity in the structure of resources, processes and target markets should be the ability of the enterprise to create new consumer values. The importance of developing cooperation with all groups of stakeholders in the field of innovative design of consumer values and technological equipment of innovative business processes is emphasized.

Realizable and Context-Free Hyperlanguages

Hyperproperties lift conventional trace-based languages from a set of execution traces to a set of sets of executions. From a formal-language perspective, these are sets of sets of words, namely hyperlanguages. Hyperautomata are based on classical automata models that are lifted to handle hyperlanguages. Finite hyperautomata (NFH) have been suggested to express regular hyperproperties. We study the realizability problem for regular hyperlanguages: given a set of languages, can it be precisely described by an NFH? We show that the problem is complex already for singleton hyperlanguages. We then go beyond regular hyperlanguages, and study context-free hyperlanguages. We show that the natural extension to context-free hypergrammars is highly undecidable. We then suggest a refined model, namely synchronous hypergrammars, which enables describing interesting non-regular hyperproperties, while retaining many decidable properties of context-free grammars.